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Archaeological theory

The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies

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World History
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The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies End of the Ice Ages (ended 12,000 years ago) Milder conditions Warmer temperatures Tundra-> Grassland Grassland-> Forests Population 2mil-50mil by 5000BCE 50mil-100mil by 1000BCE Population growth because how they fed themselves New skills= pastoralism & agriculture manipulate environment Neolithic Revolution Took place over many centuries At different times in different places Changes were immense Pastoralism and Herding Societies Domestication of animals Began during Stone Age Order- 1st was the dog Provided Companionship Security Help in hunting Next- Goats, Sheep, Pigs Then- Horses, Water buffalo, Oxen, Camels, Llamas=transportation & labor (only Americas) Animal droppings=fertilizer Wool & hides= clothing

ap human geo ch 10 notes

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Human Geography
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Seth Adler Where Did Agriculture Originate? Began before recorded history. Origins of Agriculture. Agriculture ? Modification of Earth?s surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals for sustenance or economic gain. Originated when humans domesticated plants and animals. Crop ? Any plant cultivates by humans. Hunters and Gatherers. Lived in small groups (<50). Large groups would use up more resources. Men hunted and women gathered. Based on archaeology and anthropology, not stereotypes. Kept peace by steering clear of each other?s territory. Less than a quarter million (0.005%) still hunt and gather. Spinifex (Pila Nguru) Australia?s Great Victorian Desert Sentinelese India?s Andaman Islands Bushmen Botswana and Namibia Invention of Agriculture

ch10 outline

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Human Geography
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Chapter 10, Agriculture, Key Issue I ? CREATEDATE ?8/4/08 5:53 AM? I. Where Did Agriculture Originate? A. Origins of Agriculture 1. Hunters and Gatherers a. Contemporary Hunting and Gathering 2. Invention of Agriculture 1. Two Types of Cultivation B. Location of Agricultural Hearths 1. Location of First Vegetative Planting 2. Location of First Seed Agriculture a. Diffusion of Seed Agriculture C. Classifying Agricultural Regions 1. Differences Between Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture a. Purpose of Farming b. Percentage of Farmers in the labor Force c. Use of Machinery d. Farm Size e. Relationship of Farming to Other Businesses 2. Mapping Agricultural Regions ? II. Where Are Agricultural Regions in Less Developed Countries? A. Shifting Cultivation
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