Chemistry

Chapter 9 Molecular Geometryand Bonding Theories James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Lecture Presentation ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Molecular Shapes Lewis Structures show bonding and lone pairs, but do not denote shape. However, we use Lewis Structures to help us determine shapes. Here we see some common shapes for molecules with two or three atoms connected to a central atom. ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Molecular Geometries and Bonding Theories 2 What Determines the Shape of a Molecule? Simply put, electron pairs, whether they be bonding or nonbonding, repel each other. By assuming the electron pairs are placed as far as possible from each other, we can predict the shape of the molecule. This is the Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model.

James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Lecture Presentation Chapter 7 Periodic Propertiesof the Elements ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Development of the Periodic Table Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer independently came to the same conclusion about how elements should be grouped. Periodic Properties of the Elements ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 Mendeleev and the Periodic Table Chemists mostly credit Mendeleev because he also used chemical properties to organize the table and predicted some missing elements and their expected properties, including germanium. Periodic Properties of the Elements ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 3 Atomic Number Mendeleev?s table was based on atomic masses. It was the most fundamental property of elements known at the time.

Chapter 5 Thermochemistry James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Lecture Presentation ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Energy Energy is the ability to do work or transfer heat. Energy used to cause an object that has mass to move is called work. Work = force x distance W = f x d Energy used to cause the temperature of an object to rise is called heat. This chapter is about thermodynamics, which is the study of energy transformations, and thermochemistry, which applies the field to chemical reactions, specifically. Thermochemistry ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 Kinetic Energy Kinetic energy is energy an object possesses by virtue of its motion: Thermochemistry ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 3 Potential Energy

Chapter 3 Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Lecture Presentation ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Stoichiometry The study of the mass relationships in chemistry Based on the Law of Conservation of Mass (Antoine Lavoisier, 1789) ?We may lay it down as an incontestable axiom that, in all the operations of art and nature, nothing is created; an equal amount of matter exists both before and after the experiment. Upon this principle, the whole art of performing chemical experiments depends.? ?Antoine Lavoisier ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Chemical Equations Chemical equations are concise representations of chemical reactions. Stoichiometry ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 3 What Is in a Chemical Equation?

Chapter 1 Introduction: Matter and Measurement James F. Kirby Quinnipiac University Hamden, CT Lecture Presentation ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Chemistry Chemistry is the study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is central to our fundamental understanding of many science-related fields. Matter And Measurement ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 Matter Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter And Measurement ? 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 3 Matter Atoms are the building blocks of matter. Each element is made of a unique kind of atom. A compound is made of two or more different kinds of elements.