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English-born American political theorist and pamphleteer who wrote in defense of the ideals of the American Revolution. His most famous work, Common Sense, was published in 1776, and influenced people throughout the colonies to support the patriot cause.
authority held by a court to be the first court to hear a particular case.
person in a government agency to whom people can go to make complaints or explain problems with the programs or policies of the agency
founded in 1863, it is one of the agencies of the Department of the Treasury. The office is headed by the Comptroller of the Currency, and the agency is responsible for administering federal banking laws and supervising the activities of the 4,700 national banks. In addition, the Comptroller directs a staff of 2,100 bank examiners, who investigate to make sure that all the national banks are financially secure and operating well.
established by a treaty signed in 1949. The treaty tied the security interested of the United States to those of the nations of Western Europe and other areas. NATO arose out of fear of the military and security threat posed by the Communist Soviet Union, although it still exists even after the fall of the U.S.S.R.
group of people in a society who have been given legally-recognized titles, by inheriting them or receiving them from a monarch or other authority. Great Britain is one example of a country which has a nobility, or noble class.
proposal presented by New Jersey delegates at the 1787 Constitutional Convention which recommended that Congress be unicameral, and that all states be equally represented in Congress. Small states developed the proposal to counter the Virginia Plan. The New Jersey Plan gave large and small states equal power in Congress, and made Congress power to force states to cooperate with the national government.
unfair practice in which people in power give positions in a government or organization to their relatives or friends, rather than to any individual who is well-qualified. This can lead to inefficiency in the functioning of the government or organization, since hiring is based on personal connections, rather than ability or merit. In addition, nepotism can cause conflicting loyalties for the person who receives the job: he or she may be more loyal to the person who hired him or her than to the government or organization.
process by which an alien becomes a citizen
set of principles which govern human interactions, which are built into the structure of the universe, as opposed to being imposed by human beings.
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