Early Settlements
- L'ans aux Meadeaux
- Columbus in 1492
European Communities
- Agricultural society
- Late technology boom = more food = more people
- Iron plows
- Crop rotation
- Feudalism
- Catholic Church was powerful
- Jew became successful merchants
The Merchant Class
- Genoa, Pisa and Venice became powerful
- Rich
- Fleets
- Financed crusades
Renaissance
The New Monarchies
- Replace lords as center of power
- Built royal bureaucracies
- Had state navies and armies
- Support from merchants
Portuguese Explorations
- Henry the Navigator = Sagres Point (Naval College)= developed the Caravel
- Knew the world was round
- Easter influences at Sagres Point
- Vasco da Gama-rounded Cape of Good Hope = India and China
- Established slave trade
Columbus
- Catherine and Ferdinand
- Discovers America
- Left colony on Haiti and left instructions to dig for gold
- 2nd and 3rd voyages were a failure and the first colony was destroyed
- Vespuci described the "New World"
The Spanish in the Americas
- Mixed racially
- Powerful
Invasion of America
- Brutality in Caribbean
- Needs lots of man power = slaves from Africa
- Cortez conquers the Aztecs
The Destruction of the Indians
- Resistance was futile
- De las Casas,-Catholic priest denounced the conquest
- Claimed that it was no use
- Other European powers used his denouncement to help support their denouncement of Spain
- Population went from 25 million to one million
- Starved
- Conception avoided
- Disease
- Small pox
- Measles
- Pneumonia
- Malaria
- Americas was a disease free environment
Intercontinental Exchange
- Between 1500-1550 amount of silver in Europe triples
- Inflation
- Crops such as maize, corn and potatoes were introduced to Europe
- Vanilla and tobacco were profitable
The First Americans in North America
- Two failed attempts to invade Florida
- DeSoto, with 700 men were driven away in the Southern USA
- However spread disease = easy conquest the second time
- De Coronada met the Pueblo people
- Pueblos had no gold = no Spanish interest
The Spanish New World Empire
- Mestizos were common as there were no women
- Authority from Spain was weak
French and English Empires
- French tried to colonize Brazil and Florida = failed because Spanish drove them out
- French in the North, English in the Middle and Spain in the South
Luther and the Reformation
- Spread Protestantism
- England splits with Rome
The French Colony in Florida
- Huguenot established a haven in Florida and South Carolina = failed
- Another attempt on St. Johns River = Fort Caroline
- Friendly natives
Fish and Furs
- Grand Banks = fishing = friendly relation with FNP as they had no interest in settlement
- Cabot reached Cape Breton Island
- Verazan reached Maine
- Cartier reached the St. Lawrence
- Trade boomed
- Furs for junk
- FNP caught diseases
Social Change in the 16th Century England
- Elizabeth banned Catholicism
- Tolerated different views in the English Church
- Enclosure
- Fenced off common land for their sheep
- Thousands were homeless = need homes in the colonies
- Good markets
- Bases to raid Spanish
England Turns towards Colonization
- English invade Ireland
- Drake pirated Spanish gold for England
- Spain sends the Armada
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