zero population growth (ZPG)
State in which the birth rate (plus immigration) equals the death rate (plus emigration) so the population of a geographic area is no longer increasing.
Subject:
Chapter 12 - The Human Population: Growth, Demography, and Carrying Capacity
total fertility rate (TFR)
Estimate of the average number of children who will be born alive to a woman during her lifetime if she passes through all her childbearing years (ages 15-44) conforming to age-specific fertility rates of a given year. In simpler terms, it is an estimate of the average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years.
Subject:
Replacement level fertility
Number of children a couple must have to replace them. The average for a country or the world usually is slightly higher than 2 children per couple (2.1 in the United States and 2.5 in some developing countries) because some children die before reaching their reproductive years. See also total fertility rate.
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Population distribution
Variation of population density over a particular geographic area. For example, a country has a high population density in its urban areas and a much lower population density in rural areas.
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Population density
Number of organisms in a particular population found in a specified area or volume.
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Population change
Increase or decrease in the size of a population. It is equal to (Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration).
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linear growth
Growth in which a quantity increases by some fixed amount during each unit of time. Compare exponential growth.
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life expectancy
Average number of years a newborn infant can be expected to live.
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infant mortality rate
Number of babies out of every 1,000 born each year that die before their first birthday.
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family planning
Providing information, clinical services, and contraceptives to help people choose the number and spacing of children they want to have.
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