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Eukaryotic, mostly multicellular organisms such as mushrooms, molds, and yeasts. As decomposers, they get the nutrients they need by secreting enzymes that speed up the breakdown of organic matter in the tissue of other living or dead organisms. Then they absorb the resulting nutrients.
Biological and chemical processes or functions such as energy flow and matter cycling needed for the survival of species and biological communities. See biodiversity, ecological diversity, genetic diversity, species diversity.
Aquatic systems where water with a dissolved salt concentration of less than 1% by volume accumulates on or flows through the surfaces of terrestrial biomes. Examples are (1) standing (lentic) bodies of fresh water such as lakes, ponds, and inland wetlands and (2) flowing (lotic) systems such as streams and rivers. Compare biome.
Products of partial or complete decomposition of plants and animals that occur as crude oil, coal, natural gas, or heavy oils as a result of exposure to heat and pressure in the earth's crust over millions of years. See coal, crude oil, natural gas.
Complex network of many interconnected food chains and feeding relationships. Compare food chain.
Series of organisms in which each eats or decomposes the preceding one. Compare food web.
See anaerobic respiration.
Conversion of a liquid into a gas.
Cell containing a nucleus, a region of genetic material surrounded by a membrane. Membranes also enclose several of the other internal parts found in a eukaryotic cell. Compare prokaryotic cell.
Transitional zone in which one type of ecosystem tends to merge with another ecosystem. See edge effect.
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