wetland
Land covered all or part of the time with salt water or fresh water, excluding streams, lakes, and the open ocean. See coastal wetland, inland wetland.
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Chapter 6 - Biogeography: Climate, Biomes, and Terrestrial Biodiversity
weather
Short-term changes in the temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloud cover, wind direction and speed, and other conditions in the troposphere at a given place and time. Compare climate.
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warm front
Boundary between an advancing warm air mass and the cooler one it is replacing. Because warm air is less dense than cool air, an advancing warm front rises over a mass of cool air. Compare cold front.
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upwelling
Movement of nutrient-rich bottom water to the ocean's surface. This can occur far from shore but usually occurs along certain steep coastal areas where the surface layer of ocean water is pushed away from shore and replaced by cold, nutrient-rich bottom water.
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troposphere
Innermost layer of the atmosphere. It contains about 75% of the mass of earth's air and extends about 17 kilometers (11 miles) above sea level. Compare stratosphere.
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terrestrial
Pertaining to land. Compare aquatic.
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succulent plants
Plants, such as desert cacti, that survive in dry climates by having no leaves, thus reducing the loss of scarce water. They store water and use sunlight to produce the food they need in the thick, fleshy tissue of their green stems and branches. Compare deciduous plants, evergreen plants.
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rain shadow effect
Low precipitation on the far side (leeward side) of a mountain when prevailing winds flow up and over a high mountain or range of high mountains. This creates semiarid and arid conditions on the leeward side of a high mountain range.
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permafrost
Perennially frozen layer of the soil that forms when the water there freezes. It is found in arctic tundra.
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ozone layer
Layer of gaseous ozone (O3) in the stratosphere that protects life on earth by filtering out most harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
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