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MVA- AP Music Theory Flashcards

Review of AP Music Theory vocabulary for Midterm exams

1114873868	Major scale	pattern of whole and half steps covering an octave.
1114873869	Half step	distance from one key on the piano to the very next key, white or black
1114873870	Whole step	skips the next key on the piano and goes to the one after
1114873871	Tetrachord	4 note scale pattern
1114873872	Double sharp	raise a whole step
1114873873	Sharp	raise a half step
1114873874	Natural	raise a half step
1114873875	Accidental	flat or sharp added to a note that is not indicated by the key
1114873876	Flat	lower a half step
1114873877	Double flat	lower a whole step
1114873878	Key	combination of accidentals used to identify the first scale degree
1114873879	Key signature	patterns of flats or sharps written at the start of a staff
1114873880	Enharmonic	notes or keys that have the same pitch but are spelled differently
1114873881	Transpose	notes or keys that have the same pitch but are spelled differently
1114873882	Circle of fifths	diagram that organizes the key signatures by ascending 5th of descending 4th
1114873883	Natural minor scale	lowered 3rd, 6th and 7th
1114873884	Harmonic minor scale	lowered 3rd and 6th
1114873885	Melodic minor scale	lowered 3rd ascending, lowered 7th and 6th descending
1114873886	Relative keys	when a major and a minor key have the exact same key signature
1114873887	Parallel Keys	when the scale has the same first starting note but different accidentals depending if it is Major or minor
1114873888	Tonic	1st scale degree
1114873889	Supertonic - 2nd scale degree	2nd scale degree
1114873890	Mediant	3rd scale degree
1114873891	Subdominant	4th scale degree
1114873892	Dominant	5th scale degree
1114873893	Submediant	6th scale degree
1114873894	Leading tone	7th scale degree
1114873895	Subtonic	lowered 7th scale degree
1114873896	Interval	the distance between two notes
1114873897	Harmonic interval	two notes performed at the same time
1114873898	Melodic interval	the two notes of an interval played separately
1114873899	Unison	two notes that are exactly the same in pitch
1114873900	Octave	the interval of an 8th
1114873901	Simple intervals	intervals smaller than an octave
1114873902	Compound intervals	intervals an octave or larger
1114873903	Perfect	used with unisons, 4th, 5th, and octaves
1114873904	Major	fits within the diatonic scale
1114873905	Minor	is lowered from the diatonic scale
1114873907	Augmented	an interval made a half step larger
1114873909	Diminished	a perfect or minor interval lowered a second half step
1114873910	Tritone	augmented 4th or diminished 5th
1114873912	Interval Inversion	moving the bottom pith of an interval above the top pitch
1114873913	Law of reciprocal intervals	inverted intervals equal 9
1114873914	Consonant	pleasing to the ear
1114873915	Dissonant	not pleasing to the ear
1114873916	Consonant intervals	Major and minor 3rd and 6th, perfect 5th and octaves
1114873917	Beat	basic pulse of a musical passage
1114873918	Tempo	the speed of the beats
1114873919	Meter	the pattern of beats
1114873920	Measures	the grouping of beats
1114873921	Bar line	a vertical line through the staff
1114873922	Duple	two beat measure
1114873923	Triple	three beat measure
1114873924	Quadruple	4 beat measure
1114873925	Hypermeter	several measures together that form its own meter (Amazing Grace)
1114873926	Division of the beat (Subdivision)	durations of the beat that are shorter than the beat
1114873927	Simple beat	2 equal divisions
1114873928	Compound beat	3 equal divisions
1114873929	Compound beat	3 equal divisions Time Signature
1114873930	How to find number of beats per measure in compound	divide top number by 3
1114873931	Tuplet	division of two beats into three or division of a dotted note into 2
1114873932	Beams	used to connect 8th, 16th, 32nd, etc.
1114873933	Stems	lines on the side of the note head
1114873934	Tertian Harmony	Chords built on thirds
1114873935	Triad	three note chord
1114873936	Sonority	the sound of chords stacked together, rich and full in sound
1114873937	Seventh Chords	a triad with an added 7th
1114873938	Root position	lowest note of the chord is the tonic
1114873939	First inversion	lowest note of the chord is the 3rd
1114873940	Second inversion	lowest note of the chord is the 5th
1114873941	Figured Bass (Thoroughbass)	number system of music that spells out the chord and inversion
1114873942	Realization	The actual music (written or played) made from a figured bass
1114873943	Lead-sheet symbols	modern shorthand for chords
1114873944	Pitch class	all the notes found in a chord
1114873945	Diatonic - of the scale Chromatic chords (altered chords)	not of the scale
1114873946	Harmonic Progression	forward motion of harmony in music
1114873947	Voice Leading	the way individual notes of a chord connect to other notes
1114873948	Part Writing	same as voice leading
1114873949	Counterpoint	combining relatively independent musical lines
1114873950	Contour	The shape of the musical line
1114873951	Focal point	highest note of the melody
1114873952	Leaps	moving intervals larger than a second
1114873953	Tendency Tones	The direction notes "want to move" 7 goes to 1, 4 goes to 3.
1114873954	Musical Score	Music that shows all the parts of an ensemble on one page.
1114873955	Voicing	How the chord is to be distributed or spaced
1114873956	Close structure	less than an octave between soprano and tenor
1114873957	Open structure	more than an octave between soprano and tenor
1114873958	Crossed voices	when one voice part goes crosses higher or lower than another part
1114873959	Spacing	the art a writing voice parts within one octave of each other
1114873960	Analyze	name the chord with a Roman numeral and an inversion sign, possibly more
1114873961	Parallel Motion	two voices moving in the exact same interval and direction
1114873962	Static Motion	an exact repeat that results in no motion of voices
1114873963	Oblique motion	one voice stays the same while another voice moves
1114873964	Contrary motion	voices move in opposite directions
1114873965	Similar motion	voices move in the same direction but not the same interval
1114873966	Objectionable Parallel Motion	P5th, P8th
1114873967	Unequal 5th	two consecutive 5ths but the quality changes from P to d or vice versa
1114873968	Direct or Hidden 5ths	The outer parts move in the same direction and form a P5 or P8
1114873969	Fundamental	the lowest tone in a harmonic series (the lowest note an instrument can play)
1114873970	Score reduction	- reducing the notes in a score down to simple chords
1114873971	Polyphonic	many independent musical lines played at the same time
1114873972	Monophonic -	only one musical like
1114873973	Homophonic	a melody harmonized by chords
1114873974	Sequence -	a pattern of notes that is repeated but starts on a different pitch class
1114873975	Tonal sequence	sequence stays in one key
1114873976	Real sequence	transpose a sequence to new key (keep the intervals the same)
1114873977	Imitation	like a sequence, but it happens between two or more voices
1114873978	Modified sequence	the repetition of patterns is neither tonal nor real
1114873979	Circle-of-5ths-progression	a sequential pattern where a series of roots descend 5th or ascend 4th
1114873980	Harmonic sequence	the sequence of chords as they progress towards tonic
1114873981	Prolongation	expanding a chord's domain through the use of one or more subsidiary chords
1114873982	Pre-dominant chord	typically a ii or a IV chord that wants to be followed by a dominant chord
1114873983	Arpeggio (arpeggiation)	Play the notes of a chord separately and in sequence
1114873984	Canon	identical rhythms and contours set off by one measure (row your boat)
1114873985	Round	canons which are perpetual
1114873986	Imitative counterpoint	used by canons and rounds
1114873987	Fugue	contrapuntal piece in which there is a subject which is tossed among voices and eventually restated
1114873988	4 types of second inversion chords	bass arpeggiation, cadential 6-4, passing 6-4, pedal 6-4
1114873989	Cadence	a harmonic goal or resting spot in music
1114873990	Authentic cadence	V to I
1114873991	Perfect Authentic Cadence -	both V and I are in root position and soprano of I is also root
1114873992	Imperfect Authentic	- any V to I that does not meet the PAC definition (vii - I)
1114873993	Cadence	a harmonic goal or resting spot in music
1114873994	Authentic cadence	V to I
1114873995	Perfect Authentic Cadence	both V and I are in root position and soprano of I is also root
1114873996	Imperfect Authentic	any V to I that does not meet the PAC definition (vii - I)
1114873997	Deceptive cadence	V to anything except I (usually vi)
1114873998	Half Cadence	anything to a V (usually unstable)
1114873999	Conclusive Cadence	authentic and plagal cadences
1114874000	Progressive Cadences	deceptive and half cadences
1114874001	Phrygian Half Cadence	The iv first inversion to a V cadence in minor
1114874002	Plagal Cadence	- IV to I cadence
1114874003	Phrase	A relatively independent musical idea terminated by a cadence
1114874004	Motive	The smallest identifiable musical idea
1114874005	Elision	When the last note of one phrase serves as the first note of the next phrase
1114874006	Period	Two phrase pattern where the 1st cadence is weaker than the second cadence
1114874007	Antecedent	The "question" phase of a period
1114874008	Consequent	The "answer" phrase of a period
1114874009	Repeated Phrase	When two side by side phrases are identical
1114874010	Parallel Period	both phrases begin with similar or identical material (but may end differently)
1114874011	Contrasting Period	A period in which the phrase beginnings are not similar
1114874012	Three-phrase period	A period with two consequents before the antecedent or two antecedents after the consequent
1117586268	Double Period	Four phrases in two pairs, the cadence at the end of the second pair is stronger than the cadence at the end of the first pair
1117586269	Phrase Group	Phrases that seem to go together but do not constitute a Period
1117586270	Sentence	Characterized by the immediate repetition or variation of a musical idea followed by a motion toward a cadence
1117586271	Nonchord Tone	a note which is not a direct member of a surrounding chord
1117586272	Accented	falls on the beat of a nonchord tone
1117586273	Unaccented	falls off the beat of a nonchord tone
1117586274	Passing Tone	a note between two other notes that is a nonchod tone: "fills up the space" between notes
1117586275	Neighboring Tone	play a tone, move up or down a second, return to original tone
1117586276	Suspension	Holds on to a chord tone after the other parts have moved on to a new chord
1117586277	Preparation	a tone preceding a suspension
1117586278	Retardation	suspension with an upward resolution
1117586279	Modulation	change of key
1117586280	Appoggiatura (Incomplete Neighbor)	accented, approached by leap and left by step
1117586281	Escape Tone (Incomplete Neighbor)	approached by step and left by leap
1117586282	Neighbor Group (Cambiata, Changing Tones)	step, leap in opposite direction, return to fist tone
1117586283	Anticipation	a pitch that is contained in the anticipated chord but not present in the chord that precedes it
1117586284	Free Anticipation	Anticipation that is approached and left by leap
1117586285	Pedal Point	a repeated note that begins as a chord tone, becomes a nochord tone, ends as a chord tone
1117586286	tone Double Pedal Point	two pedal points

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AP US History: Chapter 37 - The Eisenhower Era Flashcards

AP US History: Chapter 37 - The Eisenhower Era

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754886606	U-2 Incident	-1960: United States one-man U-2 spy plane was reportedly shot down at high altitude over the airspace of the Soviet Union; United States government at first denied the plane's purpose and mission, but then was forced to admit its role as a covert surveillance aircraft when the Soviet government produced its intact remains and surviving pilot, Francis Gary Powers, as well as photos of military bases in Russia taken by the pilot -In March and October 1958, the Soviet Union and the United States, respectively, proclaimed a suspension of nuclear testing; in July 1958, Lebanon called for aid under the Eisenhower Doctrine as communism threatened to engulf the country; in 1959, Soviet dictator Khrushchev appeared before the U.N. General Assembly and called for complete disarmament; in 1960, an American U-2 spy plane was shot down in Russia, causing feelings of a possibly peaceful resolution to subside
754886607	Sputnik	-October 4, 1957: the Soviets launched the Sputnik I satellite into space -November: they launched the satellite Sputnik II, carrying a dog -two satellites gave credibility to the Soviet claims that superior industrial production lay through communism -in response, President Eisenhower established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
754886608	Missile Gap	-term used in the United States for the perceived disparity between the number and power of the weapons in the U.S.S.R. and U.S. ballistic missile arsenals during the Cold War -the gap only existed in exaggerated estimates made by the Gaither Committee in 1957 and in United States Air Force (USAF) figures -even the CIA figures that were much lower and gave the US a clear advantage were far above the actual count -like the bomber gap of only a few years earlier, it is believed that the gap was known to be illusionary from the start, and was being used solely as a political tool, an example of policy by press release
754886609	National Defense and Education Act (NDEA)	-in 1958, the _ authorized $887 million in loans to needy college students and in grants for the improvement of teaching sciences and languages -was one of a suite of science initiatives inaugurated by President Eisenhower in 1958, motivated to increase the technological sophistication and power of the US alongside, for instance DARPA and NASA -followed a growing national sense that U.S. scientists were falling behind scientists in the Soviet Union, catalyzed, arguably, by early Soviet success in the Space Race, notably the launch of the first-ever satellite, Sputnik, the year before
754886610	South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)	-an international organization for collective defense in Southeast Asia created by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, or Manila Pact, signed in September 1954 in Manila, Philippines -the formal institution of _ was established on 19 February 1955 at a meeting of treaty partners in Bangkok, Thailand -the organization's headquarters were also in Bangkok -eight members joined the organization -primarily created to block further communist gains in Southeast Asia, _ is generally considered a failure because internal conflict and dispute hindered general use of the _ military; however, _-funded cultural and educational programs left long-standing effects in Southeast Asia - _ was dissolved on 30 June 1977 after many members lost interest and withdrew
754886611	Hungarian Revolt	-In 1956, Hungary rose up against the Soviets attempting to win their independence -when their request for aid from the United States was denied, they were slaughtered by the Soviet forces -America's nuclear weapon was too big of a weapon to use on such a relatively small crisis -in 1956, when the Hungarians revolted against the USSR, the Soviets crushed them with brutality and massive bloodshed -the U.S. did change some of its immigration laws to let 30,000 Hungarians into America as immigrants
754886612	Suez Crisis	-also referred to as the Tripartite Aggression, _ War, or Second Arab-Israeli War -President Nasser of Egypt was seeking funds to build a dam on the Nile River -after associating with the communists, secretary of state Dulles pulled back U.S. monetary aid for Egypt -as a result, Nasser nationalized the _ Canal, which was owned by the French and British -in October of 1956, the _ ensued as the French and British launched an assault on Egypt -the two countries were forced to withdraw their troops as America refused to release emergency supplies of oil to them -was a diplomatic and military confrontation in late 1956 between Egypt on one side, and Britain, France and Israel on the other, with the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Nations playing major roles in forcing Britain, France and Israel to withdraw
754886613	Eisenhower Doctrine	-in 1957, Congress proclaimed the_, pledging U.S. military and economic aid to Middle Eastern nations threatened by communist aggression -a speech by President Dwight David Eisenhower on 5 January 1957, within a "Special Message to the Congress on the Situation in the Middle East" -under the _, a country could request American economic assistance and/or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression from another state -Eisenhower singled out the Soviet threat in his doctrine by authorizing the commitment of U.S. forces "to secure and protect the territorial integrity and political independence of such nations, requesting such aid against covert armed aggression from any nation controlled by international communism
754886614	Landrum-Griffith Act	-in 1959, President Eisenhower passed the _ designed to bring labor leaders to book for financial shenanigans and to prevent bullying tactics -Anti-laborites forced into the bill bans against "secondary boycotts" and certain types of picketing -a United States labor law that regulates labor unions' internal affairs and their officials' relationships with employers -Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 (LMRDA)
754886615	Desegregation	-All aspects of life of African Americans in the South were governed by the Jim Crow laws; Blacks dealt with an array of separate social arrangements that kept them insulated from whites, economically inferior, and politically powerless -Gunnar Myrdal exposed the contradiction between America's professed belief that all men are created equal and its terrible treatment of black citizens in his book An American Dilemma (1944). World War II had generated a new militancy and restlessness among many members of the black community -In 1944, the Supreme Court ruled the "white primary" unconstitutional, undermining the status of the Democratic Party in the South as a white person's club -In the Supreme Court case of Sweatt v. Painter (1950), the Court ruled that separate professional schools for blacks failed to meet the test of equality -In December 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white person on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama; her arrest sparked a yearlong black boycott of the city busses and served notice throughout the South that blacks would no longer submit meekly to the absurdities and indignities of segregation
754886616	Massive Retaliation	-also known as a massive response or massive deterrence -coined by Eisenhower administration Secretary of State John Foster Dulles in a speech on January 12, 1954 -a military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack -In the event of an attack from an aggressor, a state would massively retaliate by using a force disproportionate to the size of the attack -the aim of massive retaliation is to deter an adversary from initially attacking -for such a strategy to work, it must be made public knowledge to all possible aggressor; the adversary also must believe that the state announcing the policy has the ability to maintain second-strike capability in the event of an attack; it must also believe that the defending state is willing to go through with the deterrent threat, which would likely involve the use of nuclear weapons on a massive scale
754886617	Military-Industrial Complex	-a concept commonly used to refer to policy and monetary relationships between legislators, national armed forces, and the military industrial base that supports them -these relationships include political contributions, political approval for military spending, lobbying to support bureaucracies, and oversight of the industry -a type of iron triangle -the term is most often used in reference to the system behind the military of the United States, where it gained popularity after its use in the farewell address of President Dwight D. Eisenhower on January 17, 1961, though the term is applicable to any country with a similarly developed infrastructure
754886618	Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas	-the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public schools was unequal and thus unconstitutional -the decision reversed the previous ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) -however, while the Border States usually obeyed this new ruling, states in the Deep South did everything they could to delay it and disobey it, diverting funds to private schools, signing a "Declaration of Constitutional Principles" that promised not to desegregate, and physically preventing blacks to integrate -ten years after the ruling, fewer than 2% of eligible black students sat in the same classrooms as whites -real integration of schools in the Deep South occurred around 197 -a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional -ruling paved the way for integration and was a major victory of the civil rights movement
754886619	Geneva Conference	-1955: President Eisenhower attempted to make peace with the new Soviet Union dictator, Nikita Khrushchev, following Stalin's death; peace negotiations were rejected -a conference which took place in Geneva, Switzerland, whose purpose was to attempt to find a way to unify Vietnam and discuss the possibility of restoring peace in Indochina -the Soviet Union, the United States, France, the United Kingdom, and the People's Republic of China were participants throughout the whole conference while different countries concerned with the two questions were also represented during the discussion of their respective questions, which included the countries that sent troops through the United Nations to the Korean War and the various countries that ended the First Indochina War between France and the Việt Minh
754886620	Fidel Castro	-led a coup that overthrew the America-supported government of Cuba in 1959 -annoyed with Castro's anti-American attitude and Castro seizing valuable American properties in Cuba, the United States cut off the heavy U.S. imports of Cuban sugar -Cuba's left-wing dictatorship quickly had the possibility to become a military satellite for the Soviet Union -in August 1960, Congress authorized $500 million to prevent communism from spreading in Latin America -overthrew U.S.-supported Fulgencio Batista, promptly denounced the Yankee imperialists, and began to take U.S. properties for a land distribution program -when the U.S. cut off heavy U.S. imports of Cuban sugar, Castro confiscated more American property
754886621	John F. Kennedy	-the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his death in 1963 -the Republicans nominated Richard Nixon to run for president and Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. for vice president in the election of 1960; the Democrats nominated _ to run for president and Lyndon B. Johnson for vice president -his Catholicism aroused misgivings in the Protestant, Bible Belt South -was attacked because he was a Catholic presidential candidate, but defended himself and encouraged Catholics to vote for him; as it turned out, if he lost votes from the South due to his religion, he got them back from the North due to the staunch Catholics there -charged that the Soviets, with their nuclear bombs and the Sputniks, had gained on America in prestige and power; Nixon was forced to defend the dying administration and claim that America's prestige had not slipped -television played a key role in the presidential election as _ personal appeal attracted many -won the election of 1961, gaining support in the large industrial centers where he had strong support from workers, Catholics, and African Americans -events during his presidency included the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Space Race, the African-American Civil Rights Movement, and early stages of the Vietnam War; therein, _ increased the number of military advisers, special operation forces, and helicopters in an effort to curb the spread of communism in South East Asia -the _ administration adopted a policy of forced relocation, village internment, and segregation of rural South Vietnamese from the northern and southern communist insurgents; it was carried out by the government of South Vietnam
754886622	McCarthyism	-the practice of making accusations of disloyalty, subversion, or treason without proper regard for evidence -also means "the practice of making unfair allegations or using unfair investigative techniques, especially in order to restrict dissent or political criticism" -the term has its origins in the period in the United States known as the Second Red Scare, lasting roughly from 1950 to 1956 and characterized by heightened fears of communist influence on American institutions and espionage by Soviet agents -originally coined to criticize the anti-communist pursuits of Republican U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin, "McCarthyism" soon took on a broader meaning, describing the excesses of similar efforts -the term is also now used more generally to describe reckless, unsubstantiated accusations, as well as demagogic attacks on the character or patriotism of political adversaries
754886623	Senator Joseph R. McCarthy	-In February 1950, Republican Senator _ made a speech accusing Secretary of State Dean Acheson of knowingly employing 205 Communist party members -even though the accusations later proved to be false, _ gained the support of the public -with the Republican victory in the election of 1952, his rhetoric became bolder as his accusations of communism grew -though _ was not the first red-hunter, he was the most ruthless, doing the most damage to American traditions of fair play and free speech in 1954, _ went too far and attacked the U.S. Army; just a few months later, he was condemned by the Senate for "conduct unbecoming a member"
754886624	Gamal Abdel Nasser	-the second President of Egypt from 1956 until his death -President _ of Egypt was seeking funds to build a dam on the Nile River; after associating with the communists, secretary of state Dulles pulled back U.S. monetary aid for Egypt; as a result, _ nationalized the Suez Canal, which was owned by the French and British
754886625	Nikita Khrushchev	-led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War -Ike tried to thaw the Cold War by appealing for peace to new Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev at the 1955 Geneva Conference, but the Soviet leader rejected such proposals, along with one for "open skies" -served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964 -was responsible for the partial de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union, for backing the progress of the early Soviet space program, and for several relatively liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy -_'s party colleagues removed him from power in 1964, replacing him with Leonid Brezhnev as First Secretary and Alexei Kosygin as Premier
754886626	Earl Warren	-when Congress and new President Eisenhower ignored the racial issues, Supreme Court Chief Justice _ stepped up to confront important social issues-especially civil rights for African Americans -shocked his conservative backers by actively assailing black injustice and ruling in favor of African-Americans -was an American jurist and politician who served as the 14th Chief Justice of the United States (1953-1969) and the 30th Governor of California -he is known for the sweeping decisions of the Warren Court, which ended school segregation and transformed many areas of American law, especially regarding the rights of the accused, ending public-school-sponsored prayer, and requiring "one-man-one vote" rules of apportionment
754886627	Ho Chi Mien	-In Vietnam, revolutionary _ had tried to encourage Woodrow Wilson to help the Vietnamese against the French and gained some support from Wilson, but as _ became increasingly communist, the U.S. began to oppose him\ -was a Vietnamese communist revolutionary leader who was prime minister (1945-1955) and president (1945-1969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) -was a key figure in the foundation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945, as well as the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and -led the Việt Minh independence movement from 1941 onward, establishing the communist-ruled Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945 and defeating the French Union in 1954 at the battle of Điện Biên Phủ -In the early 1950s, nationalist movements had sought to throw the French out of Indochina -the leaders of the Indochina countries, including Vietnam leader _, became increasingly communist as America became increasingly anticommunist -in May 1954, a French garrison was trapped in the fortress of Dienbienphu in northwestern Vietnam -President Eisenhower decided not to intervene, wary of another war right after Korea -Dienbienphu fell to the nationalists and the conference at Geneva halted Vietnam at the 17th parallel -the pro-Western government in the south, led by Ngo Dinh Diem, was entrenched at Saigon as Vietnam-wide elections, which were promised by _, were never held -President Eisenhower promised economic and military aid to the Diem regime of the south
754886628	Rosa Parks	-in December 1955, _ refused to give up her seat to a white person on a bus in Montgomery, Alabama -her arrest sparked a yearlong black boycott of the city busses and served notice throughout the South that blacks would no longer submit meekly to the absurdities and indignities of segregation -was an African-American civil rights activist, whom the U.S. Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement"
754886629	Ngo Dinh Diem	-the pro-Western government in the south, led by _, was entrenched at Saigon as Vietnam-wide elections, which were promised by Ho Chi Minh, were never held -was the first president of South Vietnam (1955-1963) -in the wake of the French withdrawal from Indochina as a result of the 1954 Geneva Accords, Diệm led the effort to create the Republic of Vietnam -accruing considerable US support due to his staunch anti-communism, he achieved victory in a fraudulent 1955 plebiscite

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APUSH Chapters 31-33 Flashcards

American Pageant Chapters 31-33 terms,

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677890023	1919-1920 Red Scare	People were afraid of radicals and communists
677890024	"Radical" Elements of the Red Scare	...
677890025	Supporters of the Red Scare	...
677890026	KKK in the 1920s	Indiana headquarters, hated foreigners, catholics, jews, birth control, African Americans, communists, gambling, adultery, etc.
677890027	Immigration Restrictions in the 1920s	Restricted immigrants from Europe
677890028	Quota System	restricted immigration to two percent for any given nationality, based on the total amount from the 1890 census; use of the 1890 census effectively restricted immigrants from eastern and southern Europe, Africa, Asia, and South America
677890029	Volstead Act	no person shall manufacture, sell, barter, transport, import, export, deliver, furnish or possess any intoxicating liquor except as authorized by this act." It did not specifically prohibit the purchase or use of intoxicating liquors
677890030	John Dewey	Education based on life skills
677890031	Gangsters in the 1920s	Al Capone, National law was hard to enforce
677890032	Scopes trial	Fundementalism; W.J.B was the prosecution lawyer; Teacher who was arrested and tried in 1925 for teaching Charles Darwin's theory of evolution in a Tennessee public school; trial was nicknamed the "Monkey Trial"
677890033	Bruce Barton	advertising- Jesus was the best advertiser
677890034	1920s prosperity	...
677890035	Mass Media in 1920s	...
677890036	Famous people of 1920s	...
677890037	Henry Ford	symbol of 20s, affordable for americans, mass production, assembly line
677890038	Frederick W. Taylor	"efficiency expert"; mechanical engineer who wrote "principles of scientific management"; standardized tools and equipment
677890039	Movies with sound/talking	...
677890040	Radios, Cars, Movies	...
677890041	Margaret Sanger	led birth control movement
677890042	1920 census	...
677890043	Marcus Garvey	African American leader who founded the United Negro Improvement Association, which urged African Americans to return to Africa and provided early inspiration for "black pride" movements; convicted of using fraudulent methods to sell stock in a steamship company in 1923; served three years in jail before receiving a pardon from President Coolidge and being deported to Jamaica
677890044	Ernest Hemmingway	One of the most popular writers of the 1920's who wrote "A Farewell to Arms"
677890045	F. Scott Fitzgerald	"The Great Gatsby"
677890046	Sinclair Lewis	Mainstreet, Babbit; smalltown America portrayal
677890047	William Faulker	wrote about the history of lthe deep south, he told the story is an imaginative, fictional way. Wrote "The Sound and the Fury", "As I Lay Dying"
677890048	Buying stock "on margin"	loans
677890049	Republican economic policies (Harding)	...
677890050	Supreme Court in 1920s	...
677890051	Muller v Adkins cases	centered on the question of whether women merited special legal and social treatment
677890052	1928 Kellog-Briand Pact	made it illegal to go to war
677890053	Fordney McCumber Tariff	went from 27% to 35% tariff
677890054	Hawley-Smoot Tariff	charged a high tax for imports thereby leading to less trade between america and foreign countries along with some economic retaliation
677890055	Raising tariffs in 1920s	protected industry
677890056	Teapot Dome Scandall	leasing oil lands, Harding administration took bribes
677890057	Coolidge Administration	support of business, no scandall "boring"
677890058	Farmers Problems in 1920s	gov. guarunteed prices, overproduction
677890059	McNary-Haugen Bill	a plan to rehabilitate american agriculture by raising the domestic prices of farm products *effects of the protective tariff and burdens of debt and taxation had created a serious agricultural depression and grew steadily worse
677890060	Norris-LaGuardia Act	guarantees workers' right to organize and restricts issuance of court injunctions against nonviolent union activity such as strikes, picketing, and boycotts.
677890061	Progressive Party in 1924	prohibition, women, southerners- coolige v davis v lafollette
677890062	Dawes Plan	American-sponsored arrangement for rescheduling German reparations payments that only temporarily eased the international debt tangle of the 1920s
677890063	Causes of the Great Depression	...
677890064	Effects of the Great Depression	...
677890065	Hoover and the Great Depression	Reconstruction Finance Corporation
677890066	Alphabet Agencies	FDR's "reconstruction"
677890067	Reconstruction Finance Corporation	$2 billion from the government; it made loans to major economic institutions such as banks, insurance companies and railroads.
677890068	Civilian Conservation Corps	New Deal program that provided young men with jobs planting trees, fighting fires, and other projects to improve natural resources
677890069	National Recovery Administration	Federal government's plan to revive industry during the Great Depression through production codes (guidelines) for wages and prices designed to limit competition
677890070	Works Progress Administration	to create jobs
677890071	Securities Exchange Commission	us government agency which oversees the operations of the stock markets which trade stocks, bonds, and other types of securities.
677890072	Bonus Expeditionary Force	20,000 veterans who converged on the capital in the summer of 1932; they were demanding the immediate payment of their entire bonus, which was meant to be paid in later years. They set up public camps. The pending bonus bill failed to pass in Congress, and Hoover arranged to pay the return fare of 6000 of them, but the rest refused to leave and were forcibly removed by MacArthur in the Battle of Anacostia Flats
677890073	Hoover's Image	...
677890074	1932 Stimson doctrine	In 1932, the policy declared in a note to Japan and China that the US would not recognize any international territorial changes brought about by force. It was enacted after Japan's military seizure of Manchuria in 1931.
677890075	FDR's campaign in 1932	...
677890076	"Hundred Days"	First 100 days of FDRs Term; did a lot; Three Rs: Relief, Recovery, Reform
677890077	Social Security Act	guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health
677890078	Glass-Steagall Act	Banking reform- closed banks; renewed faith
677890079	Father Coughlin	a Catholic priest in Michigan who at first was with FDR then disliked the New Deal and voiced his opinions on radio.
677890080	Huey Long	"share the wealth"
677890081	Francis Townsend	attracted the trusting support of perhaps 5 million "senior citizens" with his fantastic plan of each senior receiving $200 month, provided that all of it would be spent within the month. Also, this was a mathematically silly plan.
677890082	Agricultural Ajustment Act	helped farmers pay mortages; paid farmers not to plant to reduce overproduction
677890083	20th Amendment	cut the lame duck period
677890084	21st Amendment	repealed prohibition
677890085	Dust Bowl Causes	winds blowing topsoil, farmers farmed on lined not made for farming, "Okies" went to California, caused by over-plowing, drought, and strong winds that destroyed million of acres of topsoil during the early 1930s
677890086	Indian Reorganization Act	encouraged self government and cultural reservation
677890087	Federal Securities Act	required corporations to provide complete info on all stock offerings; restore confidence in the stock market
677890088	Tennessee Valley Authority	Improve economic conditions in the Tennessee Valley through development of hydroelectric power
677890089	Wagner Act	guaranteed the right of unions to organize and to collectively bargain with management.
677890090	National Labor Relations Act	also known as the wagner act, that guarantees workers the right of collective bargaining sets down rules to protect unions and organizers, and created the national labor relations board to regulate labor-managment relations.
677890091	Congress of Industrial Organizations	led by John Lewis, orginially began as a group of unskilled workers who organized themselves into effective unions. As there popularity grew they came known for the revolutionary idea of the "sit down strike", there efforts lead to the passage of the Fair Labor Standard Act and the organization continued to thrive under the New Deal.( page 790-791)
677890092	FDR's court packing scheme	President FDR's controversial plan to appoint Supreme Court justices who were sympathetic to his views, by allowing him to appoint a justice for every member over 70 years old; the Court maximum would have been fifteen; criticism from Democrats and Republicans led him to withdraw his proposal
677890093	1937 "Roosevelt Recession"	...
677890094	FDR's Deal	...
677890095	Effects of the New Deal	...
677890096	Women in the Great Depression	"Flappers" appeared that emphasized the physical beauty of women.
677890097	Sacco and Vanzetti	anarchists, antiredism, antiforeignism; executed for murder of paymaster
677890098	Fundementalism	the idea that EVERYTHING in the bible is true

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The Great Depression Flashcards

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
To what extent were the laissez-faire policies of the U.S. government in the 1920s responsible for the Great Depression of the 1930s?
To what extent did the New Deal alter the role of the government in economics and society?
To what extent did the Great Depression alter American society?
IN SUMMARY:
The stock market crash of 1929 signaled the beginning of the Great Depression, the worst financial crisis in U.S. history.
As the Depression grew worse, President Herbert Hoover followed a policy of denying government relief to the unemployed. He was not re-elected in 1932.
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt pushed several legislative programs through Congress in an attempt to end the Depression.
The Depression ended after Americans found employment building war materials for the Second World War.

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1341208729	Stock Market Crash, 1929	1929-1936 economic downfall of USA
1341208730	Hawley-Smoot Tariff, 1930	Congressional compromise serving special interest, it raised duties on agricultural and manufactured imports. It may have contributed to the spread of the international depression.
1341208731	Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 1932	Created under the presidency of Herbert Hoover, was designed to give out loans to banks, railroads, and monopolistic companies in order to pump money back into the economy during the years of the Depression.
1341208732	Bonus Army, 1932	group of jobless World War I veterans who came to Washington to lobby Congress for immediate payment of money promised them in 1945; Hoover opposed payment, and when he used the U.S. Army to drive the veterans out of the capital, he was portrayed as cruel and cold-hearted.
1341208733	Glass-Steagall Act of 1932	Established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) which provided federal insurance for individual bank accounts of up to $5,000, reassuring millions of bank customers that their money was safe...also required banks to act cautiously with their customers' money
1341208734	Federal Home Loan Bank Act, 1932	Lowered mortgage rates for homeowners and allowed farmers to refinance their farm loans and avoid foreclosure.
1341208735	Twentieth Amendment, 1933	It swept away the lame duck session of Congress and shorted by six weeks the awkward period before inauguration.
1341208736	First New Deal (First Hundred Days), March 4-June 16, 1933	In Roosevelt's first 100 days, he passed the Agricultural Adjustment Act, the Federal Emergency Relief Agency, and more; an active presidency beginning with many relief programs for Americans
1341208737	Twenty-first Amendment, 1933	Passed February, 1933 to repeal the 18th Amendment (Prohibition). Congress legalized light beer. Took effect December, 1933. Based on recommendation of the Wickersham Commission that Prohibition had lead to a vast increase in crime.
1341208738	Emergency Banking Relief Act (Bank Holiday), 1933	gave the President power over the banking system and set up a system by which banks would be reorganized or reopened
1341208739	FDIC, 1933	Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation; The U.S. corporation insuring deposits in the U.S. against bank failure. The FDIC was created in 1933 to maintain public confidence and encourage stability in the financial system through the promotion of sound banking practices; insures accounts in national banks and other qualified institutions
1341208740	CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps), 1933	1933, Hired 3 million young men to work in government national parks. Most popular New Deal program, Relief/Recovery
1341208741	PWA, 1933	public works administration; Received $3.3 billion appropriation from Congress for public works projects.; It built large-scale public works such as dams, bridges, hospitals, and schools. Its goals were to spend $3.3 billion in the first year, and $6 billion in all, to provide employment, stabilize purchasing power, and help revive the economy.
1341208742	AAA, 1933	Agricultural Adjustment Act - paid farmer to limit their crop production to correct for overproduction; Protected farmers from price drops by providing crop subsidies to reduce production, educational programs to teach methods of preventing soil erosion.
1341208743	TVA, 1933	Tennessee Valley Authority; Federal government build series of dams to prevent flooding and sell electricity. First public competition with private power industries; a federally owned corporation in the United States created by congressional charter in May 1933 to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley, a region particularly affected by the Great Depression.
1341208744	FERA, 1933	Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) was the new name given by the Roosevelt Administration to the Emergency Relief Administration (ERA) which President Herbert Hoover had created in 1932. FERA was established as a result of the Federal Emergency Relief Act and was replaced in 1935 by the Works Progress Administration (WPA). FERA's main goal was alleviating household unemployment by creating new unskilled jobs in local and state government. Jobs were more expensive than direct cash payments (called "the dole"), but were psychologically more beneficial to the unemployed, who wanted any sort of job, for self-esteem, to play the role of male breadwinner. Distributed millions of dollars of direct aid to unemployed workers.
1341208745	NIRA & NRA, 1933	National Industrial Recovery Act: Title I was devoted to industrial recovery, and authorized the promulgation of industrial codes of fair competition, guaranteed trade union rights, permitted the regulation of working standards, and regulated the price of certain refined petroleum products and their transportation. Title II established the Public Works Administration, outlined the projects and funding opportunities it could engage in, and funded the Act. (Created NRA to enforce codes of fair competition, minimum wages, and to permit collective bargaining of workers.) The National Recovery Administration (NRA) was the primary New Deal agency established by U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) in 1933. The goal was to eliminate "cut-throat competition" by bringing industry, labor and government together to create codes of "fair practices" and set prices. The NRA was created by the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) and allowed industries to get together and write "codes of fair competition." The codes were intended to reduce "destructive competition" and to help workers by setting minimum wages and maximum weekly hours, as well as minimum prices at which products could be sold. The NRA also had a two-year renewal charter and was set to expire in June 1935 if not renewed. declared unconstitutional in 1935
1341208746	SEC, 1934	Security and Exchange Commission to establish fair rules for stock trading; Regulated stock market and restricted margin buying.
1341208747	Second New Deal (Second Hundred Days), 1935	Employed 8.5 million workers in construction and other jobs, but more importantly provided work in arts, theater, and literary projects.
1341208748	WPA, 1935	Works Progress Administration: Employed 8.5 million workers in construction and other jobs, but more importantly provided work in arts, theater, and literary projects.
1341208749	NYA, 1935	National Youth Administration: Provided part-time employment to more than two million college and high school students.
1341208750	REA, 1935	Rural Electrification Administration (REA), one of the New Deal agencies created under President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The REA was created on May 11, 1935, with the primary goal of promoting rural electrification. In the 1930s, the U.S. lagged significantly behind Europe in providing electricity to rural areas due to the unwillingness of power companies to serve farmsteads.
1341208751	Wagner Act, 1935	Guaranteed workers the right to organize labor unions, bargain collectively, and provided protections against unfair labor practices on the part of management
1341208752	Social Security Act, 1935	Provided retirement pensions to Americans age 65 and older and benefits for the unemployed, the disabled, and dependent children, The greatest victory for New Dealers; created pension and insurance for the old-aged, the blind, the physically handicapped, delinquent children, and other dependents by taxing employees and employers
1341208753	Court-Packing Plan, 1937	Franklin Roosevelt's politically motivated and ill-fated scheme to add a new justice to the Supreme Court for every member over seventy who would not retire. His objective was to overcome the Court's objections to New Deal reforms. (845)
1341208754	Fair Labor Standards Act, 1938	1938 act which provided for a minimum wage, a maximum workweek of 44 hours, and restricted shipments of goods produced with child labor
1341208755	Grapes of Wrath, 1939	The Grapes of Wrath is an American realist novel written by John Steinbeck about the horrors of the Great Depression; Set during the Great Depression, the novel focuses on the Joads, a poor family of tenant farmers driven from their Oklahoma home by drought, economic hardship, agricultural industry changes and bank foreclosures forcing tenant farmers out of work. Due to their nearly hopeless situation, and in part because they were trapped in the Dust Bowl, the Joads set out for California. Along with thousands of other "Okies", they sought jobs, land, dignity, and a future.
1341208756	Herbert Hoover	31st President of the United States, Republican candidate who assumed the presidency in March 1929 promising the American people prosperity and attempted to first deal with the Depression by trying to restore public faith in the community. Blamed for the Great Depression and beaten in 1932 by FDR
1341208757	Franklin Delano Roosevelt	Democratic president who created the New Deal to counter the effects of the Great Depression
1341208758	Eleanor Roosevelt	FDR's Wife and New Deal supporter. Was a great supporter of civil rights and opposed the Jim Crow laws. She also worked for birth control and better conditions for working women
1341208759	Huey Long	As senator in 1932 of Washington preached his "Share Our Wealth" programs. It was a 100% tax on all annual incomes over $1 million and appropriation of all fortunes in excess of $5 million. With this money Long proposed to give every American family a comfortable income of $5000 per year
1341208760	Francis Townsend	American physician and social reformer whose plan for a government-sponsored old-age pension was a precursor of the Social Security Act of 1935., A doctor and critic of FDR's who proposed that everyone 60 years of age or older should get $200 a month as long as they spent it within 30 days.
1341208761	Father Charles Coughlin	a critic of the New Deal; created the National Union for Social Justice; wanted a monetary inflation and the nationalization of the banking system
1341208762	Francis Perkins	Roosevelt's Secretary of Labor and first woman cabinet member in U.S. history. Remained in office for FDRs entire presidency
1341208763	margin ("buying on margin")	A risky technique involving the purchase of securities/stocks with borrowed money, using the shares themselves as collateral; paying 10% of the stock price put Americans in debt after the crash of 1929
1341208764	Black Tuesday	October 29, 1929; date of the worst stock-market crash in American history and beginning of the Great Depression.
1341208765	rugged individualism	The belief that all individuals, or nearly all individuals, can succeed on their own and that government help for people should be minimal. Popularly said by Herbert Hoover.
1341208766	multiplier/reverse multiplier effect	Multiplier effect: An effect in economics in which an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent. For example, if a corporation builds a factory, it will employ construction workers and their suppliers as well as those who work in the factory. Indirectly, the new factory will stimulate employment in laundries, restaurants, and service industries in the factory's vicinity. Reverse multiplier effect: the opposite of above
1341208767	"Hooverville"	Shantytowns on the outskirts of cities in which unemployed people of the Depression lived. The nomenclature comes from the blame many Americans placed on Hoover for the Great depression.
1341208768	Bonus Expeditionary Force ("Bonus Army")	Thousands of World War I veterans, who insisted on immediate payment of their bonus certificates, marched on Washington in 1932; violence ensued when President Herbert Hoover ordered their tent villages cleared.
1341208769	Brain Trust	A small group of young reform-minded intellectuals responsible for writing FDR's speeches and authoring much of the New Deal legislation. More influential than the Cabinet
1341208770	New Deal	A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression., (FDR) , , President Franklin Roosevelt's precursor of the modern welfare state (1933-1939); programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insureance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the state and the state's intervention in U.S. social and economic life. RELIEF, RECOVERY, AND REFORM
1341208771	Relief, Recovery, Reform	These were the categories into which the New Deal was split. Relief defined by the acts implemented in the area of aid to the unemployment. Recovery put forth measures that would help aid in the speedy recovery of areas hit hardest by the depression. Reform tried to recreate areas that seemed faulty
1341208772	fireside chats	informal talks given by FDR over the radio; sat by White House fireplace; gained the confidence of the people
1341208773	dust bowl	Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages. Caused mainly by over-farming and a severe drought.
1341208774	Okies	Displaced farm families from the Oklahoma dust bowl who migrated to California during the 1930s in search of jobs.
1341208775	Blue Eagle ("We Do Our Part")	Widely displayed symbol of the National Recovery Administration, which attempted to reorganize and reform U.S. industry.
1341208776	New Deal Coalition	coalition forged by the Democrats who dominated American politics from the 1930's to the 1960's. its basic elements were the urban working class, ethnic groups, Catholics and Jews, the poor, Southerners, African Americans, and intellectuals.
1341208777	Share Our Wealth	radical relief program proposed by Senator Huey Long in the 1930s to empower the government to seize wealth from the rich through taxes and provide a guaranteed minimum income and home to every American family
1341208778	court-packing plan	President FDR's failed 1937 attempt to increase the number of US Supreme Court Justices from 9 to 15 in order to save his 2nd New Deal programs from constitutional challenges
1341208779	Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)	A federation of labor union for all unskilled workers. It provided a national labor union for unskilled workers, unlike the AFL, which limited itself to skilled workers.
1341208780	Tennessee Valley Authority Act (1933)	A relief, recovery, and reform effort that gave 2.5 million poor citizens jobs and land. It brought cheap electric power, low-cost housing, cheap nitrates, and the restoration of eroded soil.
1341208781	National Industrial Recovery Act (1933)	permitted all workers to join unions of their choice, allowed workers to bargain collectively for wage increases and benefits, allowed workers to go on strike to try to force employers to meet their demands
1341208782	National Labor Relations Act (1935)	A 1935 law, also known as the Wagner Act, that guarantees workers the right of collective bargaining sets down rules to protect unions and organizers, and created the National Labor Relations Board to regulate labor-management relations.
1341208783	Social Security Act (1935)	A flagship accomplishment of the New Deal, this law provided for unemployment and old-age insurance financed by a payroll tax on employers and employees. It has long remained a pillar of the "New Deal Order". ((Go now and look at #24. I have no idea why I put this in twice anyway.))
1341208784	President Franklin Roosevelt's Radio Address unveiling the second half of the New Deal (1936)	President that had a "new deal" philosophy; developed Democratic coalition; made government large and activist; made presidency the most powerful branch; established welfare state; used Keynesian economics; increased reputation of business; revitalized American spirit

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1920-1930 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

513775282	one big union	a union created in 1919 in western canada that tried to represent all workers even those who were unskilled workers
513775283	collective bargaining	Process by which a union representing a group of workers negotiates with management for a contract
513775284	Citizens commitee of 1000	formed by business leaders, industrialists and politicians in response to and against Winnipeg General Strike
513775285	J.S. Woodsworth	Methodist minister, social worker, politician; first leader of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF)
513775286	Winnipeg General Strike	In May 1919, workers at 3 big metal factories in Winnipeg went on strike for better wages. In a just a few days, 30,000 Winnipeg workers had walked out, and strikes took place across across Canada. The Mayor had banned all parades and arrested the strike organizers. The strikers protested the arrest of their leaders.
521493139	Flapper	a young woman in the 1920s who flaunted her unconventional conduct and dress
521493140	Bob	a hair style for women and children
521493141	Mary Pickford	(1892 - 1979) A Canadian movie star who went to Hollywood in the 1920s and became known as "America's sweetheart."
521493142	Louis B. Mayer	A successful moviemaker who was in charge of a major film studio MGM
521493143	Talkies	movies with sound, beginning in 1927
524163344	xenophobia	fear or hatred of foreigners or strangers
524163345	prohibition	dis-allowing the consumption of alcohol
524163346	Chinese exclusion act	Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country except for students, politicians and merchants to immigrate.
524163347	Canadian Ku Klux Klan	arrived in Canada during the 1920's. Targeted Jews, French Canadians and Asians. Most successful in western Canada. Against anyone who wasn't whiteor Protestant.
524163348	Residential schools	Schools for native kids to become more assimilated to Canadian culture. They had no choice and were abused. Kids were taken as early as 6 years old.
524163349	Enfranchisement of native Canadians	The right for Natives to vote, but had to give up there native heritage.
528816721	Autonomy	self governing
528816722	The Chanak Affair	Britian demanded troops to fight Turkey and Canada refused to send them
531882903	The Halibut Treaty	The first time Canada signed an international agreement without Britain.
531882904	The King-Byng Crisis	King called for an election and Byng denied it
531882905	The Statue of Westminster	Declaring that Dominions are self-governing and independant
531882906	Mackenzie King	Prime Minister during this time for 20ish years
546896626	The Persons Case	The Famous Five, fought for women to be considered persons under the law, and on October 18, 1929, they were supported by the Judicial Committee
546896627	The Famous Five	Emily Murphy,Henrietta Muir Edwards, Irene Parlby, Louise McKinney and Nellie McClung challenged Prime Minister Mackenzie King to appoint a woman senator to clarify the definition of "persons."
546896628	Black Tuesday	October 29, 1929; the day the stock market crashed. Lead to the Panic of 1929
546896629	buying on credit	people would purchase things and make partial payments on set intervals: installment plans, led to a lot of debt
546896630	tariffs	a tax on foreign goods brought into a country
546896632	five cent piece speech	King's speech that wouldn't give 5 cents to any non-liberal provinces. This speech was used against him in the 1930 election, which he lost.
552010343	Hockey Night in Canada	began in 1923 with Foster Hewitt "he shoots he scores"
552010344	Dionne Quintuplets	Born in 1934 in northern Ontario, they were an instant sensation. The government in Ontario took over care of the children, putting them on display for the public. Numerous entrepreneurs, the provincial government, and Hollywood made large sums of money because of the popularity of these children. Very little of the money went to the family until an out-of-court settlement with the provincial government at the end of the twentieth century.
552010345	King Kong	one of hte most famous of movie monsters, a giant ape who terrorizes New York City. It was first filmed in the 1933
552010346	The Wizard of Oz	Popular movie from the 1930's about Dorothy being swept away by a tornado

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India Flashcards

Upanishads- collected interpretations of the Vedas by Hindu Scholars and Teachers

• Brahman-one eternal spirit

• Moksha- the "nirvana" of Hinduism

• Brahma- the creator

• Vishnu- The preserver

• Shiva- The destroyer and re-creator

• Ganesha-son of shiva, very popular and removes obstacles

• Varnas- castes

• Jatis- sub-castes

• Karma- an ethical law of cause and effect guides behavior

• Dharma- Special moral duty

• Dietary Rules- no meat or harming animals

• Sati/Suttee- the practice of a Hindu widow throwing herself on the funeral pyre of her husband during cremation

• Yoga- a form of spiritual and physical exercise that is especially good for meditation and relaxation

• Buddhism- a very democratic rule. All things are equal and more a philosophy for life instead of religion

• Siddhartha Gautama- founder of Buddhism who saw the real life after being hid away. He then meditated to see the reason for suffering in the world

• Four Noble truths & Eightfold Path- supposed to follow. The four noble truths is about overcoming selfish desire. Eightfold path on how to be a good person

• Nirvana- Achieving the highest point after re-incarnation many times

• Middle Way- eight fold path you are trying to find the middle way and avoid extremes
• Theravada- the less strict version of Buddhism

• Mahayana- the more strict sect of Buddhism

• Maurya Dynasty- 323-185 BC. Conquered north and central India. United many small kingdoms into one big empire. Traded silk and cotton cloth

• Ashoka- He expanded the Maurya dynasty with brutal force but then converted to Buddhism to stop all the fighting. Sent Buddhism out and that's how it stayed alive

• Rock & Pillar Edicts- by Ashoka all over India saying the rules of Buddhism

• Gupta Dynasty-Ruled by Chandragupta in the Ganges valley.

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16226162	subcontinent	sticks out of it, but still a part of the continent
16226163	Himalayas	the tallest mountains in the world
16226164	Mt. Everest	The tallest mountain in the world at 29,000 feet and growing
16226165	Hindu Kush	The mountains in the north west of India
16226166	Kyber Pass	One of the two mountain passes in the Hindu Kush Mountains
16226167	Indus Ganges Plain	where the first inhabitants of India lived and it was at the foot of the mountains
16226168	Indus River	River in the wester
16226169	Ganges River	seen to be as sacred, although very polluted
16226170	Deccan Plateau	poor farmland and thick forests
16226171	Monsoons	June- October is the rainy season. It brings heavy rain and often floods
16226172	Indus Civilizations	2500-1500 BC, advanced civilization. Developed Sanskrit off of the invasion of Aryans and developed into hindi
16226173	Aryans	meshed with the Indian civilization and developed Hinduism. Had the cast system
16226174	Sanskrit and Hindi	new language of the Indus people and developed into Hindi.
16226175	Hinduism	developed from the Aryan and Indian civilizations
16226176	Caste System	1. Brahmin 2. Kshatrijas 3. Vaishya 4. Sudra 5. Untouchables
16226177	vedas	guide book to hinduism
16226178	Rig Veda	about 1028 verses of praise (Bhagavad Gita)
16226179	Upanishads	collected interpretations of the Vedas by Hindu Scholars and Teachers
16226180	Brahman	one internal spirit
16226181	moksha	the "nirvana" of hinduism
16226182	brahma	the creator
16226183	vishnu	the destroyer
16226184	shiva	the destroyer and re-creator
16226185	ganesh	the son of shiva- very popular, removes obstacles
16226186	varnas	castes
16226187	jatis	sub-castes
16226188	karma	an ethical law of cause and effect guides behavior
16226189	dharma	special moral duty
16226190	sati/suttee	the practice of a Hindu widow throwing herself on the funeral pyre of her husband during cremation
16226191	yoga	a form of spiritual and physical exercise that is especially good for meditation and relaxation
16226192	buddhism	a very democratic rule. All things are equal and more a philosophy for life instead of religion
16226193	Siddhartha Gautama	founder of Buddhism who saw the real life after being hid away. He then meditated to see the reason for suffering in the world
16226194	Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path	supposed to follow. The four noble truths is about overcoming selfish desire. Eightfold path on how to be a good person
16226195	nirvana	Achieving the highest point after re-incarnation many times
16226196	Middle Way	eight fold path you are trying to find the middle way and avoid extremes
16226197	Theravada	the less strict version of Buddhism
16226198	mahayana	the more strict version of Buddhism
16226199	Maurya dynasty	323-185 BC. Conquered north and central India. United many small kingdoms into one big empire. Traded silk and cotton cloth
16226200	ashoka	He expanded the Maurya dynasty with brutal force but then converted to Buddhism to stop all the fighting. Sent Buddhism out and that's how it stayed alive
16226201	rock and pillar edict	by Ashoka all over India saying the rules of Buddhism
16226202	Gupta Dynasty	Ruled by Chandragupta in the Ganges valley. India entered a golden age of arts and literature
16226203	chandra gupta	entered india in a golden age
16226204	shakuntala	by kalidasa around 500. 1st to allow females to act
16226205	inoculations	shots, they understood blood flow
16226206	angkor wat	Hindu temple in Buddhist Cambodia
16226207	elimination of Buddhism	it died out but since Ashoka spread it, it didn't die in other places
16226208	Delhi sultanate	Muslim rulers for 300 years. Had some tolerance but convinced others to convert to avoid jizya
16226209	purdah	when women cover themselves. Veiling and secluding them

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Hungarian FSIU1 Flashcards

Vocab from Chapter 1 of the FSI text book (public domain), available at http://www.fsi-language-courses.com/Hungarian.aspx

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26743554	The wine is very good	A bor nagyon jó
26743555	The coffee and the tea are good also	A kávé és a tea is jó
26743556	Is the cafe big?	A kávéház nagy?
26743557	the airport	a repülótér
26743558	Is the beer cold?	A sor hideg?
26743559	Is the restaurant good?	A vendéglő jó?
26743560	the toilet	a w.c.
26743561	in English	angolul
26743562	that	az
26743563	the train station	az állomás
26743564	its price	az ára
26743565	That's a hotel	Az egy szálloda
26743566	That's very expensive.	Az nagyon drága
26743567	that (object)	azt (accusative)
26743568	I don't want any	Azt nem kérek
26743569	(to the) left	balra
26743570	There's a café to the left	Balra van egy kávéház
26743571	brown	barna
26743572	stamp	bélyeg
26743573	stamp (object)	bélyeget (accusative)
26743574	you speak	beszél
26743575	Do you speak English?	Beszél angolul?
26743576	I speak	beszélek
26743577	pardon	bocsánat
26743578	Excuse me	bocsánatot kérek
26743579	wine	bor
26743580	I'd like wine	bort szeretnék
26743581	cigarette	cigaretta
26743582	cigarette (object)	cigarettát (accusative)
26743583	I also want some cigarettes	Cigarettát is kérek
26743584	but	de
26743585	expensive	drága
26743586	a café	egy kávéház
26743587	a little (some)	egy kis
26743588	hotel	szálloda
26743589	a restaurant	egy vendéglő
26743590	straight	egyenesen
26743591	It's straight ahead	Egyenesen előre van
26743592	hungry	éhes
26743593	ahead	előre
26743594	I	én
26743595	to eat	enni
26743596	you arrive (he/she/it arrives)	érkezik
26743597	understand	ért
26743598	Do you understand Hungarian?	Ért magyarul?
26743599	I understand	értek
26743600	and	és
26743601	And the wine?	Es a bor?
26743602	And some water	Es egy kis vizet
26743603	And where' s there a café?	És hol van egy kávéház?
26743604	And what's that?	És mi az?
26743605	this	ez
26743606	Is this the train station?	Ez az állomás?
26743607	This is the American Embassy	Ez az amerikai követség
26743608	How much is this?	Ez mibe kerül?
26743609	white	fehér
26743610	I want white bread.	Fehér kenyeret kérek
26743611	match	gyufa
26743612	match (object)	gyufát (accusative)
26743613	I want some matches also	Gyufát is kérek
26743614	how many	hány
26743615	What time is it?	Hány óra van?
26743616	how many (object)	hányat (accusative)
26743617	How many do you want?	Hányat parancsol?
26743618	three	három
26743619	It's three o'clock	Három óra van
26743620	six	hat
26743621	The train leaves at six	Hatkor indul a vonat
26743622	seven	hét
26743623	At seven	Hétkor
26743624	cold	hideg
26743625	how	hogy
26743626	How are you?	Hogy van?
26743627	where	hol
26743628	Where is the toilet?	Hol van a w.c.?
26743629	Where's the railroad station?	Hol van az állomás?
26743630	Where's there a restaurant?	Hol van egy vendéglő?
26743631	twenty	húsz
26743632	yes	igen
26743633	Yes, this is the train station	Igen, ez az állomás
26743634	Yes, it's good	Igen, jó
26743635	leave (starts/departs, you/he/she/it)	indul
26743636	also (too)	is
26743637	this (here)	itt
26743638	Here's the railroad station.	Itt van az állomás
26743639	Good night	Jó éjszakát
26743640	Good evening	Jó estét
26743641	They're good and hot	Jó meleg
26743642	Good morning	Jó reggelt
26743643	right	jobbra
26743644	There's a restaurant to the right	Jobbra van egy vendéglő
26743645	well	jól
26743646	coffee	kávé
26743647	bread	kenyér
26743648	bread (object)	kenyeret (accusative)
26743649	I want	kérek
26743650	I want a stamp	Kérek egy bélyeget
26743651	Two forints	Két forintba
26743652	two	kettő, ké
26743653	starts (begins)	kezdődik
26743654	small	kicsi
26743655	nine	kilenc
26743656	small (littIe)	kis
26743657	Miss. young lady	kisasszony
26743658	Thank you	Köszönöm
26743659	Thank you very much	Köszönöm szépen
26743660	I'm fine too, thank you	Köszönöm, én is jól vagyok
26743661	I'm fine, thank you	Köszönöm, jól vagyok
26743662	you	maga
26743663	in Hungarian	magyarul
26743664	else (other, different)	más
26743665	else (other, different(object))	mást (accusative)
26743666	Don't you want anything else?	Mást nem parancsol?
26743667	and	még
26743668	warm	meleg
26743669	how much	mennyi
26743670	How much is two and three?	Mennyi kettő meg három?
26743671	which is the way to	merre
26743672	Which way to the airport?	Merre van a repülótér?
26743673	what	mi
26743674	What's "thanks a lot" in Hungarian?	Mi az magyarul "thanks a lot"?
26743675	What's this?	Mi ez?
26743676	What would you like to have?	Mi tetszik?
26743677	How much is it?	Mibe kerül?
26743678	when	mikor
26743679	At what time does the train arrive?	Mikor érkezik a vonat?
26743680	When does the train leave?	Mikor indul a vonat?
26743681	At what time does the movie begin?	Mikor kezdődik a mozi?
26743682	what's it like (what kind of)	milyen
26743683	What's the airport like? Is it big?	Milyen a repülőtér? Nagy?
26743684	What's the station like? Is it big?	Milyen az állomás? Nagy?
26743685	What kind of bread do you want?	Milyen kenyeret parancsol?
26743686	what (object)	mit (accusative)
26743687	What would you like to have?	Mit parancsol?
26743688	movie	mozi
26743689	big	nagy
26743690	very	nagyon
26743691	four	négy
26743692	It costs four forints.	Négy forintba kerül
26743693	Four and eight is twelve	Négy meg nyolc az tizenkettó
26743694	no (not)	nem
26743695	I don't understand Hungarian well	Nem értek jól magyarul
26743696	not cold	nem hideg
26743697	It's not big, it's small	Nem nagy, kicsi
26743698	eight	nyolc
26743699	The movie begins at eight	Nyolckor kezdődik a mozi
26743700	cheap	olcsó
26743701	hour	óra
26743702	five	öt
26743703	there (in that place)	ott
26743704	want	parancsol
26743705	dirty	piszkos
26743706	ham	sonka
26743707	ham (object)	sonkát (accusative)
26743708	I want ham.	sonkát kérek.
26743709	beer	sör
26743710	nice	szép
26743711	I'd like	szeretnék
26743712	don't mention it (gladly/with pleasure)	szívesen
26743713	tea	tea
26743714	milk	tej
26743715	Here's a cheap one	Tessék, itt van egy olcsó
26743716	Here you are. The price is five fillérs	Tessék. öt fillér az ára
26743717	pleases	tetszik
26743718	clean	tiszta
26743719	ten	tíz
26743720	eleven	tizenegy
26743721	twelve	tizenkettő
26743722	ten (object)	tizet (accusative)
26743723	Ten, please	Tizet kérek
26743724	or	vagy
26743725	I am	vagyok
26743726	is	van
26743727	We have white or brown	Van fehér vagy barna
26743728	see you again	viszontlátásra
26743729	water	viz
26743730	water (object)	vizet (accusative)
26743731	train	vonat
37954375	he speaks	beszél
37954376	she speaks	beszél
37954377	beautiful	szép
37954378	pretty	szép
37954379	large	nagy
37954380	grand	nagy

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Progressive Era Flashcards

Progressive Era test in AP History. Important Acts, groups and people from the Progressive Era. Also with all Amendments ratified during the Era.

Terms : Hide Images

1309759215	Progressive Movement	reform effort, generally centered in urban areas and begun in the early 1900s, whose aims included returning control of the government to the people, restoring economic opportunities, and correcting injustices in American life.
1309759216	Four main goals of Progressive Era	1. Protect social welfare - correct injustices 2. Promoting moral movement 3. Create Economic reform - control big business 4. Foster efficiency
1309759217	Prohibitionist groups	WCTU - Began in 1874 Anti-Saloon League - tried to pass laws forcing people to change
1309759218	Economic panic	1893. Americans questioned capitalism - criticized by Eugene V. Debs. Socialism started.
1309759219	Ida M. Tarbell	criticized companies' cutthroat competition, exposed the Standard Oil Company and its ruthlessness, called the company the "mother of all trusts"
1309759220	Louis D. Brandeis	This brilliant lawyer and later a justice of the Supreme court spoke and wrote widely about the "curse of bigness." He thought the government should help small businesses.
1309759221	Keating-Owen Act	Prohibited the sale of interstate commerce goods produced by children
1309759222	Meat Inspection Act	Law that authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to order meat inspections and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption.
1309759223	Pure Food and Drug Act	the act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs
1309759224	National Association of Colored People	organization formed to fight against discrimination and for colored people's rights
1309759225	National Women Suffrage Association	Formed in 1890 and united 2 major women's suffrage groups at that time discrimination, and recognition of human brotherhood
1309759226	Hepburn Act	This 1906 law used the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate the maximum charge that railroads to place on shipping goods.
1309759227	16th Amendment	1913. Legalized federal income tax, Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income.
1309759228	Federal Reserve Act	a 1913 law that set up a system of federal banks and gave government the power to control the money supply
1309759229	19th amendment	granted women right to vote. 1920., Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.
1309759230	Lincoln Steffens	Reporter, wrote in McClure's magazine and wrote The Shame of the Cities. Investigated corruption within U.S. government
1309759231	Upton Sinclair	Wrote The Jungle to expose poor labor standards, rather exposed conditions of meat packing industry, lead to Pure Food and Drug Act & Meat Inspection Act
1309759232	Theodore Roosevelt	president, leader of Republican party, founder of Progressive Party
1309759233	William Howard Taft	president TR appointed to carry out his policies, but TR runs on his own, forming Progressive Party. Taft successfully reforms postal saving banks system, Department of Labor, and Publicity Act (for political accomplishments)
1309759234	Woodrow Wilson	President after Taft (TR splits vote so Democrats win) declared neutrality to get US to mediate end to war, asked for declaration of war, associated power of allies, main goal was to create a new structure of peace, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize
1309759235	W.E.B. Du Bois	Middle between Booker T. Washington and Marcus Garvey, founded N.A.A.C.P., wanted entire equality, not accommodationism
1309759236	Margaret Sanger	Promoted birth control, family planning to reduce poverty
1310094080	Muckrakers	Journalists who searched for and publicized real or alleged acts of corruption of public officials, businessmen, etc.
1310094083	McClure's Magazine	An American illustrated monthly periodical popular at the turn of the 20th century. It was in this magazine that progressive muckraker journalists like Lincoln Steffens and Ida Tarbell got their start.
1310094084	The Shame Of The Cities	By Lincoln Steffens about corrupt government
1310094085	History of Standard Oil	By Ida Tarbell, anti-trust
1310094087	The Jungle	By Upton Sinclair, meant to expose poor labor standards, rather exposed conditions of meat packing industry, lead to Pure Food and Drug Act & Meat Inspection Act
1310094089	17th Amendment	direct election of senators
1310094091	18th Amendment	prohibition of alcoholic beverages
1310094093	Ballot Initiative	The process by which citizens can propose a state or local law or amendment to the state constitution by signing a formal petition asking that it be submitted as a ballot proposition for voter approval.
1310094094	Referrendum	a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate
1310094095	Recall Election	a special election called by voters to remove an elected official before his/her term expires.
1310094096	Sherman Anti-Trust Act	This act banned any formations that would restrict trade, not distinguishing between bad and good trusts. The act was a hamper on worker unions, but it showed that the government was slowly moving away from laissez faire ideals.
1310094097	Roosevelt Conservation Act	new deal reform
1310094098	Workman's Compensation Act	better labor standards
1310094099	Payne-Aldrich Tariff	signed by Taft, contradicted his campaign promises of progressive reforms (lower tariffs), split party with Progressives
1310094100	Smith-Lever Act	a United States federal law that established a system of cooperative extension services, connected to the land-grant universities, in order to inform people about current developments in agriculture, home economics, and related subjects.
1310094101	Federal Farm Loan Act	Enacted in 1916 that set up twelve Federal Land Banks, under the control of a Federal Farm Loan Board, that offered farmers loans of five to forty years' duration at low interest rates.
1310094102	Clayton Anti-Trust Act	Lengthened Sherman Anti-Trust Act's list of practices. Exempted labor unions from being called trusts, legalized strikes and peaceful picketing by labor union members.
1311470176	Social Gospel	the religious doctrines preached by those who believed that the churches should directly address economic and social problems
1311474460	Carrie Chapman Catt	Spoke powerfully in favor of suffrage, worked as a school principal and a reporter ., became head of the National American Woman Suffrage, an inspiried speaker and abrilliant organizer. Devised a detailed battle plan for fighting the war of suffrage.
1311474461	Alice Paul	leader of the National Woman's Party and the Congressional Union, campaigned for an Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution and led protests
1311481083	Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)	This radical union aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor's interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution and led several major strikes. Stressed solidarity.

284362341	C	0
284362342	D	2
284362343	E	4
284362344	F	-1
284362345	G	1
284362346	A	3
284362347	B	5
284362348	To find minor	subtract 3
284362349	To go from Major key to sharp key	Add seven
284362350	To go from Major key to flat key	Subtract seven

232119262	Disaster recovery plan	A written document that details the process for restoring IT resources following an event that causes a significant disruption in service
232119263	Emergency Plan	Identifies situations that require the phase to be invoked, and then identifies actions to be initiated depending on the nature of the disaster. And procedures to follow with computer equipment.
232119264	Backup Plan	specifies how a company uses backup files and equipment to resume information processing
232119265	Recovery Plan	specifies the actions to be taken to restore full info processing operations
232119266	Test Plan	groups of sequences of actions that users will take when using new system

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