AP U.S. History Key Individuals of the Gilded Age Flashcards
The 28 individuals from the Gilded Age that we need to know for the quiz on 1/25/13.
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| 630404350 | Andrew Carnegie | -industrialist and philantrophist -owner of the Carnegie Steel Company (largest steel company in America at the turn of the century) -used newest technologies, such as the Bessmer process and vertical integration -sold his company to J.P. Morgan | |
| 630404351 | Grover Cleveland | -22nd and 24th president (only president elected to two nonconsecutive terms) -first Democratic president since the Civil War -sent federal troops to to break up the Pullman Strike of 1894 -asked J.P. Morgan to loan the government $60 million in 1895 to avoid bankruptcy -achieved the Interstate Commerce Commission and civil service reform -defender of laissez-faire economics and low tariffs | |
| 630404352 | Jane Addams | -founded the Hull House in Chicago to help immigrants -lived with poor people at times -won the Nobel Prize for Peace for her efforts of raising awareness of the poor and opening up of new opportunities for American women | |
| 630404353 | Eugene Debs | -as president of the ARU (American Railway Union), led a powerful alliance of all railroad workers -founding member of the Social Democratic Party of America -labor supporter who helped support the Pullman Strike in 1894 -ran unsuccessfully for the presidency in 1908 | |
| 630404354 | J.P. Morgan | -wealthy Wall Street banker (most powerful banker of the 1800's) -saved the federal government from bankruptcy by loaning the Treasury $60 million in 1895 -purchased Andrew Carnegie's steel company for $400 million and used it to form the U.S. Steel Corporation in 1901 -often bought out other companies to gain control of major corporations | |
| 630404355 | George Pullman | -industrialst -designer of the Pullman Palace sleeping car -developer of labor practices labeled "industrial paternalism" -built a worker village in Chicago -believed that improved coditions would raise worker morale and generate positive labor relations | |
| 630404356 | Cornelius Vanderbilt | -a wealthy, corrupt railroad tycoon of the New York Central network who believed that the law was an obstacle to his enterprise -one of the first in the railroad industry to make rails out of steel instead of iron -established a standard gauge for his railroads -founded Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee | |
| 630404357 | Mark Twain | -creator of the term "Gilded Age" -journalist, humorist, satirist (one who ridicules human foolishness), and opponent of social justice -captured the limits of realism and humor in authentic American dialect -first American author born west of the Mississippi -wrote fiction | |
| 630404358 | Booker T. Washington | -former slave -black social reformer -mother was a slave -founder of the Tuskegee Institute -promoted industrial, educational, and economical opportunity but not social equality for blacks | |
| 630404359 | Nat Love | -well-known cowhand for more than 20 years after he was freed from slavery -wrote an autobiography | |
| 630404360 | Chester Arthur | -Republican vice president under Garfield -became 21st president in 1881 after Garfield was assassinated -refused to award Stalwarts federal posts -helped legislate civil service reform by signing the Pendleton Act in 1883 -used the spoils system -vetoed and revised Chinese Exclusion Act | |
| 630404361 | John D. Rockefeller | -industrialist and philantrophist -revolutionized petroleum industry -founded Standard Oil in 1870 -ruthless bussinessman -strategy of establishing a monopoly was labeled horizontal integration -his wealth soared as gasoline grew in importance -1st American billionaire | |
| 630404362 | Sitting Bull | -chief, medicine man, and political leader of the Sioux -lead the victory over Custer at Little Bighorn | |
| 630404363 | Frank Lloyd Wright | -great architect -originator of the concept that a building should blend into its surroundings rather than follow classical designs | |
| 630404364 | Samuel Gompers | -labor leader -creator and president of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) -provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers -fought for wages and working conditions -went on strikes, boycotted, and used collective bargaining | |
| 630404365 | Susan B. Anthony | -socail reformer for women's rights, temperance, and abolitionism -helped form the National Woman Suffrage Association with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and Lucy Stone -helped to define the goals, beliefs, and actions of the women's suffrage movement | |
| 630404366 | William M. Tweed | -New York political boss whose widespread fraud landed him in jail in 1871 -controlled the political machine known as Tammany Hall -stole $200 million from New York City -corrupt in spending tax dollars -bribed voters and politicians | |
| 630404367 | Red Cloud | -leader of a tribe of the Sioux named Oglala -resisted the development of a trail through Wyoming and Montana by harassing U.S. soldiers -resented white intrusion on his tribe's buffalo range -forced the government to leave his tribe's grounds | |
| 630404368 | James A. Garfield | -20th president of the U.S. -spent less than a year in office before being assassinated by Charles Guiteau (a Republican Stalwart who wanted vice president Arthur to become president) -his death compelled Congress to pass the Pendleton Act (reform of the spoils system) in 1883 to reform civil service | |
| 630404369 | Geronimo | -Apache chief -raided white settlers in the Southwest as resistance to reservations -led a revolt of 4,000 after they were moved to a reservation in Arizona | |
| 630404370 | Frances Willard | -a leader of the WCTU (Women's Christian Temperance Union) and the temperance movement -worked to educate people about the evils of alcohol -urged laws banning the sale of liquor -worked to outlaw saloons | |
| 630404371 | Daniel Burnham | -architect who brought French-styled architecture to the U.S. -produced a plan to redesign Chicago after the Chicago Fire -built many buildings in Chicago | |
| 630404372 | Charlotte Gilman | -wrote many novels that all fought for women's economic independence and equality -"yellow wall paper" -"the home" -"the man-made world" | |
| 630404373 | Charles Guiteau | -a Republican Stalwart who assassinated Garfield in 1881 to make civil service reform a reality -shot Garfield because the Republican Party did not give him a government job when Garfield was elected -executed by hanging | |
| 630404374 | Henry George | -journalist from San Francisco -wrote "Progress and Poverty" which made him a famous opponent of capitalism -said that limited land and a growing population raised property values, which made landowners rich -proposed that a single tax on land was the solution to poverty | |
| 630404375 | James J. Hill | -famous American railway builder -driving force of the Great Northern Railroad -merchants nicknamed him the "empire builder" | |
| 630404376 | Jacob Riis | -became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the poor -raised awareness of the living conditions of the poor with his 1890 book "How the Other Half Lives" | |
| 630404377 | James Blaine | -Republican candidate who lost election of 1884 to Grover Cleveland because of his rude comment about Irish immigrants -hated the mugwumps -corrupt because he believed in the spoils system -champion of the Half-Breeds (political faction of the Republican Party that opposed the Stalwarts) |
