This is a compilation of every word on the Vocab List for Chapter 30 of the American Pageant. Enjoy! :D
**IMPORTANT**: If using this for studying (ie. with "Learn" or "Space Race"), make sure to check the options to ignore parentheses and punctuation and to put only last names of notable figures. If you must include first names, use parentheses as-in-> (William Howard) Taft.
Terms : Hide Images
| 1195516097 | Zimmermann Note (1917) | Secret German message to Mexico (intercepted by the US) which offered to return to Mexico the lands it lost in the Mexican-American War. | |
| 1195516098 | Fourteen Points (1918) | A list of foreign policy goals which Woodrow Wilson hoped to achieve in the aftermath of World War I | |
| 1195516099 | Committee on Public Info | Established by Woodrow Wilson and headed by George Creel, this was the Federal group that worked on producing and distributing pro-war propaganda to the US people. | |
| 1195516100 | (George) Creel | Head of the Committee on Public Info, this man used many techniques to persuade the public to support the war. | |
| 1195516101 | "Huns" | Derogatory term used to describe the 'barbaric' Central Powers as seen by the US people. | |
| 1195516102 | Espionage Act (1917) | Law which punished people for aiding the enemy or refusing military duty during World War 1 | |
| 1195516103 | Sedition Act (1918) | Added to Espionage Act, this act deemed "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the American form of government, the Constitution, the flag, or the armed forces as criminal and worthy of prosecution-- the reason why Eugene V. Debs was imprisoned. | |
| 1195516104 | Schenck v. United States (1919) | A legal case in which it was ruled that government can limit free speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger" of substantive evils. | |
| 1195516105 | (Bernard) Baruch | A Wall Street broker before being chosen by President Wilson in 1918 to head the War Industries Board. He helped the U.S. Manage war production. | |
| 1195516106 | War Industries Board | Agency established during WWI to increase efficiency & discourage waste in war-related industries. | |
| 1195516107 | (Samuel) Gompers | Leader of the AF of L for almost his entire life, this man was very outspoken in favor of the war. | |
| 1195516108 | AFL (American Federation of Labor) | A union of many labor unions into one, this establishment accomplished much for its members. Loyally supported the Great War. | |
| 1195516109 | IWW (Industrial Workers of the World) | A labor union for industrial laborers, this group performed many acts of industrial sabotage in pursuit of its goals. Openly opposed the Great War. | |
| 1195516110 | Steel Strike of 1919 | A work stoppage that began when some 365,000 steelworkers in Pennsylvania walked off the job to demand recognition of their union, higher wages, and shorter hours. | |
| 1195516111 | Chicago Race Riot (1919) | Major racial conflict that began in Chicago, Illinois on July 27, 1919 and ended on August 3. Resulted in some white deaths and many black deaths. | |
| 1195516112 | National Woman's Party | Was formed in 1916. A more militant approach to gaining votes by some women. Took to streets with mass pickets, parades, and hunger strikes. Their leader was Alice Paul. | |
| 1195516113 | Food Administration | This government agency was headed by Herbert Hoover and was established to increase the production of food and to ration food for the military. | |
| 1195516114 | (Herbert) Hoover | Later elected president of the United States, this Quaker-humanitarian was the head of the Food Administration and attained an amazingly positive reputation all over the world for his help in feeding the hungry. | |
| 1195516115 | volunteerism | A general term, but specifically referring to the American spirit of noncompulsory personal contribution to the war effort during World War I. Examples of this include "wheatless Wednesdays", "meatless Tuesdays", and "Victory Gardens". | |
| 1195516116 | victory gardens | Private gardens which American citizens were encouraged to create as a source of food during the war period. | |
| 1195516117 | Liberty Bonds | Government bonds sold to gain money for World War I | |
| 1195516118 | Selective Service Act (1917) | This Act required all men between 21-30 years to register for the military. Each received a number, and draftees were chosen like a lottery. In contrast to the Union's civil war conscription, there was no way for men to "opt out" of this draft. | |
| 1195516119 | Russian Revolution | The revolution that overthrew Czar Nicholas I in 1917. Later established a socialist government under Vladimir Lenin. | |
| 1195516120 | Archangel Expedition | An allied invasion of northern Russia (after Russia pulled out of the war), the purpose of which was to prevent German seizure of munitions there. Named for the location where Americans landed. | |
| 1195516121 | doughboys | A nickname for the inexperienced but fresh American soldiers during WWI | |
| 1195516122 | gas warfare | Warfare waged using toxic airborne weapons (eg. Mustard Gas) that caused blindness, skin blisters, and choking to death | |
| 1195516123 | trench warfare | The primary form of combat used in World War I. Led to a horrendously large amount of bloodshed, as it resulted in stalemates which could only be resolved through dangerous charges across wide open areas. Created "no man's land". | |
| 1195516124 | armistice (11/11/18) | Ended the bloodshed of World War 1 (signed in the eleventh minute of the eleventh hour of the eleventh day etc.) | |
| 1195516125 | (Henry Cabot) Lodge | Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations. He led the "reservationists" in Congress. | |
| 1195516126 | Big Four | Name given to the four most important leaders in the post-World-War-I world: Woodrow Wilson (US president), Georges Clemenceau (French premier), David Lloyd George (British prime minister), Vittorio Orlando (Italian prime minister) | |
| 1195516127 | Paris Peace Conference | Conference in which negotiations over the fate of Central Powers took place | |
| 1195516128 | League of Nations | The precursor to the United Nations, this was a proposed union of the world powers after World War I; the brainchild of Wilson, who fought tooth-and-nail for its passage. | |
| 1195516129 | Treaty of Versailles (1919) | Treaty that ended World War I; it was much harder on Germany than Wilson wanted but not as punitive as France and England desired. It was harsh enough, however, to set stage for Hitler's rise of power in Germany in 1930s. | |
| 1195516130 | ratification debate | The intense debate over the American acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles. | |
| 1195516131 | isolationists | People who wanted the United States to stay out of world affairs; opposed the League of Nations; opposite of internationalists | |
| 1195516132 | irreconcilables | Senators who voted against the League of Nations with or without amendments. | |
| 1195516133 | reservationists | Senators who pledged to vote in favor of the Treaty of Versailles if certain changes were made - led by Henry Cabot Lodge | |
| 1195516134 | internationalists | People who thought the US should try to preserve peace in the world; opposite of isolationists | |
| 1195516135 | Election of 1920 | Election; dominated by the aftermath of WWI and the hostile reaction to Wilson; Democrats tried to make it into a referendum of League of Nations, but were foiled by Harding's ambiguous rhetoric. Warren G. Harding (Repub.) won against Cox (Dem.). | |
| 1195516136 | (Warren G.) Harding | 29th U.S. President. 1921-1923 (Died of natural causes). Republican. Called for a return to normalcy. | |
| 1195516137 | Peace without victory | Wilson's motto after the war to have peace in Europe but not punish the Germans | |
| 1195516138 | Unrestricted submarine warfare | A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters | |
| 1195516139 | Declaration of war | Because of the Zimmerman telegraph, the unrestricted submarine warfare, Wilson's goal to remake Europe, and money for trade, Wilson declared war in April 1917 | |
| 1195516140 | Making the world safe for democracy | What was America's goal | |
| 1195516141 | Heat less Mondays | Hoover's voluntary energy-saving tactic | |
| 1195516142 | Meat less Tuesdays | Urged Americans to save food. | |
| 1195516143 | Meuse Argonne Offensive | also called the Battle of the Argonne Forest, was a part of the final Allied offensive of World War I that stretched along the entire western front. The whole offensive was planned by Marshall Ferdinand Foch to breach the Hindenburg line and ultimately force the opposing German forces to surrender;, 47 day battle whose objective was to cut German rail lines | |
| 1195516144 | Kaiser Wilhelm II | was the Kaiser of Germany at the time of the First World War reigning from 1888-1918. He pushed for a more aggressive foreign policy by means of colonies and a strong navy to compete with Britain. His actions added to the growing tensions in pre-1914 Europe. | |
| 1195516145 | WWI casualties | 10 million dead; 20 million wounded (not including civilians) 30million people perished in a world-wide influenza pandemic in 1918-1919. Over 550,000 Americans, more than 10x's the number of U.S. combat casualties-died from the flu. | |
| 1195516146 | War guilt clause and reparations | Last item of the Treaty of Versailles that placed the responsibility of WW1 on Germany, who had to repay $$ to the Allies | |
| 1195516147 | Congressional opposition of the treaty | 39 republican senators or Senator elects proclaimed that the senate would not approve the league of nations in its existing imperfect form. | |
| 1195516148 | Vengeance not reconciliation was the treatys dominant tone. Loud and bitter cries of betrayal burst from German throats- charges that Adolf Hitler would soon reiterate during his meteoric rise to power. | what was Germany's reaction to the peace treaty? | |
| 1195516149 | Election of 1920 | Republican, Warren G. Harding, with V.P. running mate Coolidge, beat Democrat, Governor James Cox, with V.P. running mate, FDR. The issues were WW I, the post-war economy and the League of Nations. | |
| 1195516150 | Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to repair war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manufacture any weapons. | what was the impact of the treaty of versailles? |
