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People of the American Revolution Flashcards

The people of the american revolution

1060103704	Benjamin Franklin	American patriot, writer, printer, and inventor. During the Revolutionary War he persuaded the French to help the colonists.
1060103705	Thomas Jefferson	3rd President of the United States , He was a delegate from Virginia at the Second Continental Congress and wrote the Declaration of Independence. He later served as the third President of the United States.
1060103706	Thomas Paine	Revolutionary leader who wrote the pamphlet Common Sense (1776) arguing for American independence from Britain. In England he published The Rights of Man
1060103707	Abigail Adams	Wife of John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, she wrote letters to her husband describing life on the homefront. She urged her husband to remember America's women in the new government he was helping to create.
1060103708	John Adams	(1797-1801) The 11th Amendment is added to the Constitution in 1798. Washington D.C. becomes America's official capitol in 1800., He was the second president of the United States and a Federalist. He was responsible for passing the Alien and Sedition Acts. Prevented all out war with France after the XYZ Affair. His passing of the Alien and Sedition Acts severely hurt the popularity of the Federalist party and himself
1060103709	George Washington	(1732-1799) no political party. Virginian who began as a commander and chief in the Revolutionary war. Had no desire to become president but the people wanted a strong national leader. Set prescient for many things, including the two terms rule. Warned US against being involved in foreign politics.
1060103710	Mercy Otis Warren	(1728 - 1814) was an American writer and playwright. She was known as the "Conscience of the American Revolution". Mercy Otis was America's first female playwright, having written unbylined anti-British and anti-Loyalist propaganda plays from 1772 to 1775, and was the first woman to create a Jeffersonian (anti-Federalist) interpretation of the Revolution,
1060103711	King George 3	Was the King of England who disbanded the colonial legislatures, taxed the colonies, and refused the Olive Branch Petition leading to the final break with the colonies
1060103712	John Locke	1632-1704. Argued that government exists to protect "life, liberty, and property" More optimistic about human nature. Believed humans enjoyed certain inalienable rights that no government can take away. Humans entered into social contract to establish government and protect rights
1060103713	Marquis de Lafayette	French soldier who joined General Washington's staff and became a general in the Continental Army.
1060103714	Crispus Attucks	The African-Native American man who was the first man to die in the Boston Massacre, also considered the first death in the Revolutionary War
1060103715	Bernardo de Galvez	a Spanish governor who came over to help America and helped raise an army
1060103716	Haym Salomon	Jewish American who helped negotiate for financial assistance from France and Holland to help pay for the Revolutionary War. He raised money needed by Washington to pay for the Battle of Yorktown, Virginia.
1060103717	Wentworth Chestwell	an African American veteran to the Revolutionary War who, like Paul Revere, rode all night to warn the British Invasion .He rode a different direction from Revere.
1060103718	James Armistead	African American slave who gathered military information about the British for the Marquis de Lafayette. Lafayette freed him later after the war was over for his efforts.
1060103719	Paul Revere	American silversmith remembered for his midnight ride (celebrated in a poem by Longfellow) to warn the colonists in Lexington and Concord that British troops were coming (1735-1818)
1060103720	John Hancock	"King of the Smugglers." A wealthy Boston merchant who defied the mercantilist system and the Navigation Acts. He was one of the leaders of the Sons of Liberty. He was a leader in the plot to store gunpowder in Lexington and Concord. He was the President of the Continental Congress at the time of the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and was the first to sign the Declaration. He signed it really big and made the comment, "So Fat George in London can read it without his spectacles!"
1060103721	Patrick Henry	(1736-1799) A leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies. Famous for "Give me Liberty or Give me Death".
1060103722	John Paul Jones	(1747-1792) American naval officer famed for bravery, his most famous victory was the defeat of the British warship Serapis, during which he declared, "I have not yet begun to fight!"
1060103723	Samuel Adams	American Revolutionary leader and patriot; an organizer of the Boston Tea Party and signer of the Declaration of Independence (1722-1803)

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Biology Chapter 12: DNA Technology and Genomics Flashcards

Biology Concepts and Connections 7e - Chapter 12: DNA Technology and Genomics Vocabulary

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1147104619	biotechnology	The use of living organisms (often microbes) to perform useful tasks; today, usually involves DNA technology.
1147104620	DNA technology	Methods used to study and/or manipulate DNA, including recombinant DNA technology.
1147104621	Recombinant DNA	A DNA molecule carrying genes derived from two or more sources.
1147104622	genetic engeineering	The direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes.
1147104623	plasmids	A small ring of independently replicating DNA separate from the main chromosome(s). Plasmids are found in prokaryotes and yeast.
1147104624	gene cloning	The production of multiple copies of a gene.
1147104625	vetor	In molecular biology, a piece of DNA, usually a plasmid or a viral genome, that is used to move genes from one cell to another.
1147104626	DNA ligase	An enzyme, essential for DNA replication, that catalyzes the covalent bonding of adjacent DNA strands; used in genetic engineering to paste a specific piece of DNA containing a gene of interest into a bacterial plasmid or other vector.
1147104627	clone	As a verb, to produce genetically identical copies of a cell, organism, or DNA molecule. As a noun, the collection of cells, organisms, or molecules resulting from cloning; also (colloquially), a single organism that is genetically identical to another because it arose from the cloning of a somatic cell.
1147104628	restriction enzymes	A bacterial enzyme that cuts up foreign DNA (at specific restriction sites), thus protecting bacteria against intruding DNA from phages and other organisms. Restriction enzymes are used in DNA technology to cut DNA molecules in reproducible ways.
1147104629	restriction site	A specific sequence on a DNA strand that is recognized as a "cut site" by a restriction enzyme.
1147104630	restriction fragments	Molecules of DNA produced from a longer DNA molecule cut up by a restriction enzyme; used in genome mapping and other applications.
1147104631	genomic library	A set of DNA segments representing an organism's entire genome; each segment is usually carried by a plasmid or phage.
1147104632	reverse transcriptase	An enzyme used by retroviruses that catalyzes the synthesis of DNA on an RNA template.
1147104633	complementary DNA (cDNA)	A DNA molecule made in vitro using mRNA as a template and the enzyme reverse transcriptase. A cDNA molecule therefore corresponds to a gene but lacks the introns present in the DNA of the genome.
1147104634	nucleic acid probe	In DNA technology, a labeled single-stranded nucleic acid molecule used to find a specific gene or other nucleotide sequence within a mass of DNA. The probe hydrogen-bonds to the complementary sequence in the targeted DNA.
1147104635	vaccine	A harmless variant or derivative of a pathogen used to stimulate a host organism's immune system to mount a long-term defense against the pathogen.
1147104636	genetically modified (GM) organisms	An organism that has acquired one or more genes by artificial means. If the gene is from another species, the organism is also known as a transgenic organism.
1147104637	transgenic organism	An organism that contains genes from another species.
1147104638	Ti plasmid	A bacterial plasmid that induces tumors in plant cells that the bacterium infects; often used as a vector to introduce new genes into plant cells. Ti stands for tumor-inducing.
1147104639	gene therapy	A treatment for a disease in which the patient's defective gene is supplemented or altered.
1147104640	forensics	The scientific analysis of evidence for crime scene and other legal proceedings. Also referred to as forensic science.
1147104641	DNA profiling	A procedure that analyzes DNA fragments to determine whether they come from a specific individual.
1147104642	polymerase chain reaction (PCR)	A technique used to obtain many copies of a DNA molecule or part of a DNA molecule. A small amount of DNA mixed with a heat-resistant DNA polymerase, DNA nucleotides, and a few other ingredients replicates repeatedly in a test tube.
1147104643	primers	A short, artificially created, single-stranded DNA molecule that binds to each end of a target sequence to drive a PCR procedure.
1147104644	gel electrophoresis	A technique for separating and purifying macromolecules, either DNAs or proteins. A mixture of the macromolecules is placed on a gel between a positively charged electrode and a negatively charged one. Negative charges on the molecules are attracted to the positive electrode, and the molecules migrate toward that electrode. The molecules separate in the gel according to their rates of migration, which is mostly determined by their size.
1147104645	repetitive DNA	Nucleotide sequences that are present in many copies in the DNA of a genome. The repeated sequences may be long or short and may be located next to each other (tandomly) or dispersed in the DNA.
1147104646	short tandem repeat (STR)	A series of short DNA sequences that are repeated many times in a row in the genome.
1147104647	STR analysis	A method of DNA profiling that involves the comparison of the lengths of short tandem repeat (STR) sequences selected from specific sites within the genome.
1147104648	single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)	A variation in DNA sequence found within the genomes of at least 1% of a population.
1147104649	restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)	The differences in homologous DNA sequences that are reflected in different lengths of restriction fragments produced when the DNA is cut up with restriction enzymes.
1147104650	genomics	The study of whole sets of genes and their interactions.
1147104651	Human Genome Project (HGP)	An international collaborative effort to map and sequence the DNA of the entire human genome.
1147104652	telomeres	The repetitive DNA at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome.
1147104653	transposable elements	A transposable genetic element, or "jumping gene"; a segment of DNA that can move from one site to another within a cell and serve as an agent of genetic change.
1147104654	whole-genome shotgun method	A method for determining the DNA sequence of an entire genome. After a genome is cut into small fragments, each fragment is sequenced and then placed in the proper order.
1147104655	proteomics	The study of whole sets of proteins and their interactions.

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Music Theory Review Flashcards

Music Theory

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419181760	How many semitones are in an octave?	12	1
419181761	What is the black key to the left of two black keys?	C	2
419181762	Why do we organize pitches into a scalE?	Tonality, Melody	3
419181763	Basic element of musical rithym is?	steady beat	4
419181764	what is tempo ?	speed, how fast or slow the music is playing	5
419181765	Beats are organized into cycles?	Bars and measures	6
419181766	The first beat in a measure is called?	Downbeat	7
419181767	harmony is the same as?	two pitches, more than one pitch played at the same time	8
419181768	The primary sections of most songs?	Verse, Chorus, bridge	9
419181769	the music equivalent for frequency is ?	pitch	10
419181770	in the key of E flat major, which has the following flats?	B, E, A	11
419181771	what is a triplet?	three notes in the value of one beat	12
419181772	what is concert pitch?	4/40	13
419181773	The C major scale has?	no sharps or flats	14
419181774	The musical period between the renaissance and the classical is?	Baroque	15
419181775	What is the interval pattern for a major scale	WWhWWWh	16
419181776	fifth scale degree is also known as?	Dominant	17
419181777	What is a perfect 5th above C?	G	18
419181778	in treble clef, the spaces what are theY?	F, A, C, E	19
419181779	Dynamis refers to ?	volume level	20
419181780	The space between bar lines is called?	measure	21
419181781	a ledger line is used to ?	extend the staff	22
419181782	3/4 is what kind of meter?	simple triple	23
419181783	4/4 is also known as?	common time	24
419181784	Elements needed to make the major triad are?	Root Major 3rd Perfect 5th	25
419181785	What does Cresecendo mean?	to gradually get louder	26
419181786	What was the composer of the Baroque era that wasn't popular but is now?	Bach	27
419181787	What is secular music?	non church music	28
419181788	The dates of the classical era are?	1720-1800	29
419181789	What major component of musical notation was absent during the mid evil period?	Rhythmic	30

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SCIENCE BOWL Earth Science/Astro Flashcards

this is a collection of decks for earth science and astrology terms for science bowl

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507148654	A solar eclipse can only occur at this phase of the moon	New Moon
507148655	Constellation that cannot be seen in the summer sky of the northern hemisphere	Orion
507148656	Percent of stars in the sky that appear to be single stars are actually binary stars	about 50%
507148657	The apparent speed of the Sun along the ecliptic	is constant
507148658	In the Australian winter night sky	the constellation Orion can be seen,in the northern sky
507148659	The 29 ½ days it takes the Moon to complete an orbit around the Earth is called a	synodic month
507148660	What is NOT true about meteorites	on rare occasions, acid-etched iron meteorites display a pattern called the Widmanstatten pattern
507148661	According to Kepler's Third Law	plotting the squares of the periods of the planet against the cubes of the semi- major axes of their orbits will result in what sort of graph,a straight line
507148662	The time between two successive meridian transits of the Sun as observed from a stationary spot on the Earth's surface is called	an apparent solar day
507148663	The hydrogen envelope that surrounds the comet's nucleus derives its hydrogen most directly from	breakdown of water by ultraviolet light
507148664	At a location half-way from the Equator to the North Pole	what correctly describes the stars apparent motion,they rise and set at an angle to the horizon
507148665	Light from distant galaxies comes mostly from what	high mass stars
507148666	What is NOT a superior planet	Venus or Mercury
507148667	Which planet has the highest escape velocity	Jupiter
507148668	The term for the amount of energy released from each square meter of an object's surface each second	energy flux
507148669	Astronomers usually detect the electromagnetic emissions of a single neutron star in this single form	radio waves
507148670	An emission or bright line spectrum consists of	a series of bright lines superimposed on a black or continuous background.
507148671	Maria on the moon are	darker and smoother parts of the moon's surface
507148672	Another name for the Pleiades	M45 or The Seven Sisters or The False Dipper
507148673	A pulsating variable star whose brightness varies in a very regular time period of about 1-50 days	Cepheid
507148674	The part of the Sun that we can see without any instruments	photosphere
507148675	All of Saturn's moons are composed predominantly of this substance	ice
507148676	Rounded off to the nearest trillion	how many miles in a light year?,six
507148677	Most common type of meterorite to fall to Earth in recorded history	stony
507148678	Scientific names for the two regions of a sunspot	umbra and penumbra
507148679	The Kappa Cygnids and the Northern Delta Aquarids are names for what phenomena?	meteor showers
507148680	Substance responsible for Neptune's blue-green color	methane gas
507148681	Common name for the phenomenon which is the result of sunlight reflecting off the Earth and faintly illuminating the darkened portion of the moon	Earthshine
507148682	Author of book titled "Concerning the Revolutions of Celestial Spheres" that marks the birth of modern astronomy	Copernicus
507148683	The celestial coordinate analogous to latitude	Declination
507148684	The point in the sky that is directly overhead	Zenith
507148685	A meteor that reaches the surface of the Earth	meteorite
507148686	Planet in our solar system with the most circular orbit	Venus
507148687	Mars has a thin atmosphere composed mainly of what gas	Carbon Dioxide
507148688	Which moon is the only other body in our solar system besides the Earth that has an atmosphere of mostly nitrogen	Titan
507148689	When a superior planet is at quadrature in reference to the Earth what is its elongation in degrees?	90o
507148690	Moon of Neptune that orbits in a retrograde direction	Triton
507148691	Name for the celestial body of interstellar gas and dust where stars are sometimes born	Nebula
507148692	In "best altitude conditions" what month in the northern hemisphere is the best time to observe the full moon	December
507148693	The work of this Harvard College Observatory scientist made possible the first accurate determination of extragalactic distances by what is often called Henrietta's Law	Henrietta Leavitt
507148694	Term most commonly used to refer to the actual motion that stars have in relation to each other and over many years will lead to changes in the shapes of constellations	Proper Motion
507148695	The constant that is the average flux of the Sun's energy arriving at the Earth	Solar Constant
507148696	Celestial body found after astronomers had searched for an orbital disturbance of the planet Uranus	Pluto
507148697	Sam Langley invented this instrument which allows astronomers to measure the energy output of the Sun and other stars	Bolometer
507148698	How many half- moons in a lunar cycle	two
507148699	The Persied's Meteor Showers are viewed in the State of Maine during what month?	August
507148700	Telescope that weighs about 11 tons	has a primary mirror 7.9 feet in diameter, and orbits about 380 miles above the earth,Hubble
507148701	In the Doppler effect the correct term for the change in the color of light when an object that is emitting light is moving toward the observer	Blue-Shift
507148702	The thinnest layer of the Sun's atmosphere	Corona
507148703	The only two planets to rotate from East to West	Venus and Uranus
507148704	The Magellan clouds are actually this type of celestial body	Galaxies
507148705	If the temperature of a star increases from 10	000K to 30,000K, by what factor will the rate of energy radiated per second increase?,81
507148706	Celestial bodies at the center of quasars and which are the main reason for their large energy emissions	Black Holes
507148707	Doughnut shaped zones of atomic particles consists of electrons and protons captured by the Earth's magnetic field from the solar winds	Van Allen Belts
507148708	The largest circular storm in our solar system is on the surface of which planet?	Jupiter
507148709	Rapidly moving stream of charged particles that is being driven away from the sun	Solar Wind
507148710	The biggest known asteroid	Ceres
507148711	The Mercurian year is equal to this many days	88
507148712	One of the largest volcanos in our solar system is named Olympus Mons and is on	Mars
507148713	One Jupiter day is equal to what	9 hours 50 minutes
507148714	Time interval between two successie occurrences of a planet (or the moon) with the sun and the earth	a synodic period
507148715	During the period between 1979 and 1998 the farthest planet from the sun	Neptune
507148716	Time it takes energy generated in the core of the sun and be radiated	One million years
507148717	The sunspot cycle is this many years	11 years
507148718	The Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram of stars DIRECTLY compares these TWO of the properties of stars	temperature and luminosity
507148719	The Andromeda Galaxy is this type of galaxy	spiral
507148720	About how many light years across is the Milky Way?	one hundred thousand
507148721	The unlucky Apollo lunar landing that was canceled after an oxygen tank exploded	Apollo 13
507148722	Device that first proved that Earth rotates on its axis	Foucault Pendulum
507148723	The smallest planet in our solar system	Mercury
507148724	The "planet" that has a moon almost as big as the planet itself	Pluto
507148725	What Sally K. Ride is known for	first woman in space
507148726	The year that Neil Armstrong made his historic walk on the Moon	1969
507148727	The only planet in the solar system has a day which lasts longer than its year	Venus
507148728	What is the heavenly body Charon?	Plutos moon
507148729	Where in space is Cassini's division?	between two rings of Saturn
507148730	The first black American astronaut in space	Guion Bluford
507148731	What is the Vostok 1?	the first manned spacecraft
507148732	Heliocentric means around what?	the Sun
507148733	Triton Neptune's moon has an ocean made of	Nitrogen
507148734	The first man to classify stars according to their brightness	Hipparchus
507148735	Reason the Schmidt telescope was specially built	sky camera
507148736	The star nearest to the sun	Alpha Centauri or Proxima Centauri
507148737	The greatest distance of a planet from the sun	aphelion
507148738	The name given to very bright meteors or bolides	fireballs
507148739	Atmospheric pressure of Mars compared to the earth is	about 1/200th of Earth
507148740	Gas that is the main component of the atmosphere of Mars	Carbon Dioxide
507148741	The planet Jupiter has a mass that is greater than all the combined masses of all the other planets	all the other planets put together
507148742	The moon feature that is named Copernicus	crater
507148743	Day of the year on which the summer solstice usually occurs	June 21
507148744	When the earth is farthest from the sun it is this season in the Northern Hemisphere	summer
507148745	The only two moonless planets	Venus and Mercury
507148746	The English nickname for this constellation is "The Chained Maiden" and what isthe astronomer's name?	Andromeda
507148747	In which season is the constellation "Pegasus" normally viewed?	autumn
507148748	The constellation in which Vega can be found	Lyra
507148749	The constellation in which Aldebaran can be found	Taurus
507148750	The two observables in a binary star system that must be measured to make the total mass determination	separation of the two stars and the stars period of revolution
507148751	The Orion Nebula is a good example of this kind of nebula	emission nebula
507148752	A major component of the interstellar media consists of charged particles which have speeds close to that of light that are called	cosmic rays
507148753	A typical galaxy such as our Milky Way galaxy contains how many billion stars	200 billion
507148754	The path in the sky that the sun appears to traverse over the course of a year	ecliptic
507148755	Light rock rich in silicate	What is the crust made up of?
507148756	the core	Which layer of the earth is the hottest, under the most pressure, and the most dense-the crust, the mantle, or the core?
507148757	Continental crust	Which is thicker-continental crust or oceanic crust?
507148758	Oceanic crust	Which is denser-continental crust or oceanic crust?
507148759	Continental crust	Which is older-continental crust or oceanic crust?
507148760	Made of heavy rocks that have iron and magnesium	What is the composition of the mantle?
507148761	Lithosphere	Which part of the mantle is rigid rock?
507148762	Aesthenosphere	Which parts of the mantle have soft moving currents of rock?
507148763	current caused by the expansion of a liquid, solid or gas as its temperature rises	convection current
507148764	Aesthenosphere	Which layer of the mantle has convection currents?
507148765	Magma closer to core heats up, expands, and rises (less dense). Magma closer to crust cools and sinks (denser).	Describe the movement of rock in a convection current?
507148766	Heat from the Earth's interior	What causes convection currents?
507148767	lithosphere (crust and upper mantle)	What layers of earth make up the plates?
507148768	Plate movement is caused by convection currents of magma in the aesthenosphere.	Why do plates move?
507148769	The core is made of heavy metals like iron and nickel.	What is the composition of the core?
507148770	4300 degrees Celsius	What is the temperature of the core?
507148771	By interpreting seismic waves	How do we learn about Earth's interior if we cannot observe the Earth's interior directly?
507148772	solid collection of minerals or mineral materials	rock
507148773	Formed when magma or lava cools and hardens	Igneous rock
507148774	melted rock and gas below the earth's surface	magma
507148775	magma that has reached the earth's surface	lava
507148776	an igneous rock that forms underground from hardened magma	intrusive rock
507148777	an igneous rock that forms at Earth's surface	extrusive rock
507148778	fragments of older rock and fossils, or living things, and minerals	sediment
507148779	forms when fragments of rock are compacted and cemented together	sedimentary rock
507148780	forms from a previous rock that is changed by heat or pressure	metamorphic rock
507148781	Weathering/Deposition of Sediments/Cementation	What processes in the rock cycle form sedimentary rocks?
507148782	Melting/Cooling and Solidfying	What processes in the rock cycle form igneous rocks?
507148783	Heat and Pressure	What processes in the rock cycle form metamorphic rocks?
507148784	Continents were once joined together in a super-continent called Pangaea and have since drifted apart.	Continental Drift
507148785	an ancient supercontinent formed about 300 million years ago which later gave rise to today's continents	Pangaea
507148786	Theory that the earth is made up of rigid slabs of rock (the lithosphere) that move	Plate Tectonics
507148787	underwater mountain chain	Mid-ocean ridge
507148788	process by which new oceanic crust is created at mid-ocean ridges as older crust moves away	sea-floor spreading
507148789	process by which oceanic crust sinks into the mantle	subduction
507148790	a long deep depression where old oceanic crusts sinks into the mantle	trench
507148791	boundary in which tectonic plates move away from each other	divergent boundary
507148792	boundary in which tectonic plates collide	convergent boundary
507148793	boundary in which tectonic plates slide past each other	transform boundary
507148794	1. Continents seem to fit together like puzzle pieces. 2. Fossil records show similar plant and animal fossils on continents separated by oceans suggesting that continents were once one land mass. 3. Evidence of glaciers suggest that some continents must have been closer to the poles at one time. 4. Similarities in geological formations, like mountain chains, on different continents.	What evidence supports the theory of continental drift?
507148795	It couldn't explain the mechanism of how the continents moved.	Why wasn't the theory of Continental Drift accepted at the time?
507148796	study of the planet Earth's composition and structure	Geology
507148797	rocky, outer layer of earth	crust
507148798	thick layer of hot but solid rock beneath Earth's crust	mantle
507148799	layer of relatively cool, rigid rock that includes the uppermost part of the mantle as well as Earth's crust	lithosphere
507148800	layer of softer, weaker rock beneath Earth's lithosphere which can flow slowly	aesthenosphere
507148801	lower portion of Earth's mantle	mesosphere
507148802	dense sphere at Earth's center made mostly of iron and nickel	core
507148803	Mid-ocean ridges, trenches, seamounts	What are features of the sea floor?
507148804	New ocean floor is created through sea-floor spreading at mid-ocean ridges. Old ocean crust moves away and gets destroyed through subduction at a plate boundary.	How is the sea floor recycled?
507148805	divergent	What plate motion makes new ocean floor?
507148806	convergent (subduction)	What plate motion destroys old ocean floor?
507148807	Sea floor rocks become older as you move away from the Mid-ocean ridge.	How does the age of sea floor rocks change as you move away from the Mid-ocean ridge?
507148808	Seafloor spreading and rifting	What types of geological events occur at divergent plate boundaries?
507148809	New ocean crust forms at a fissure and old crust pushed away.	What are the results of seafloor spreading?
507148810	Crust thins>Land plates pull apart> Rift valley forms>Sea develops.	What are the results of rifting?
507148811	subduction and mountain building	What types of geological events occur at convergent plate boundaries?
507148812	Dense ocean plate sinks under land back into mantle.	What are the results of subduction?
507148813	earthquakes	What occurs at a transform boundary?
507148814	Mid-Atlantic Ridge	Where does seafloor spreading occur?
507148815	Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, East African Rift	Where in the world does rifting occur?
507148816	ocean trenches	Where does subduction occur?
507148817	Himalayas	Where in the world does mountain building occur at a convergent plate boundary?
507148818	San Andreas fault	Where in the world is a transform fault boundary located?
507148819	Movement of Earth's lithosphere that occurs when rocks in the lithosphere suddenly shift, releasing stored energy	Earthquake
507148820	location beneath Earth's surface where an earthquake begins	Focus
507148821	location on Earth's surface directly above the focus	Epicenter
507148822	force that squeezes rocks together, stretches or pulls them apart, or pushes them in different directions	stress
507148823	a break in a mass of rock along which movement occurs	Fault
507148824	bend in layers of rock	Fold
507148825	device that can detect and record seismic waves	seismograph
507148826	longitudinal waves similar to sound waves	P waves
507148827	transverse waves	S waves
507148828	waves that develop when seismic waves reach Earth's surface	Surface waves
507148829	Earthquakes are caused when stress builds when rocks along 2 sides of a fault snag and lock	What causes earthquakes?
507148830	Earthquakes occur because stress forces have exceeded the strength of a rock.	Why do earthquakes happen?
507148831	faults and folds	What does stress on rocks cause?
507148832	along plate boundaries	Where do most earthquakes occur?
507148833	1. accordion-like motion (up and down) 2. fastest moving waves 3. travel through solids and liquids 4. cause least amount of damage	Characteristics of P waves
507148834	1. snakelike motion (back and forth) 2. moderate speed 3. travel through solids 4. cause moderate amount of damage	Characteristics of S waves
507148835	1. snakelike motion (back and forth) 2. moderate speed 3. travel through solids 4. cause moderate amount of damage	Characteristics of S waves
507148836	1. uses seismogram 2. measures earthquake by the size of the waves	Richter scale
507148837	1. uses seismogram 2. measures earthquakes in terms of energy released	Moment Magnitude scale
507148838	1. does NOT use seismogram 2. rates earthquakes based on damage to structures	Mercalli scale
507148839	mountain that forms when magma reaches the surface	volcano
507148840	a pocket where magma collects	magma chamber
507148841	vertical channel	pipe
507148842	an opening on the surface through which magma escapes	vent
507148843	depression formed from collapsed volcanoes	caldera
507148844	region of active magma under a plate	hot spot
507148845	wide, flat volcano	shield volcano
507148846	bowl-shaped pit	crater
507148847	simple, small, steep-sided volcano	cinder cone
507148848	volcano that forms from explosive eruptions that produce a combination of lava and ash	composite volcano
507148849	large type of intrusive igneous rock mass that can form the core of a mountain range	batholith
507148850	structure formed when magma hardens in a crack parallel to existing rock layers	sill
507148851	structure formed when magma hardens in a crack that cuts across rock layers	dike
507148852	mountain that forms when magma reaches the surface	volcanic neck
507148853	Rock inside the earth melts forming liquid magma. Magma rises through the crust erupting at the surface. Magma rises because it is less dense than the surrounding rock.	Why do volcanoes erupt?
507148854	Edge of the Pacific Plate where most of the world's volcanoes are found	What is the "Ring of Fire?"
507148855	Edge of the Pacific Ocean stretching from Alaska to Japan to Indonesia	Where is the "Ring of Fire?"
507148856	subduction	What plate motion occurs along the "Ring of Fire?"
507148857	Subduction Zones, Rifting and Sea Floor Spreading, Hot Spots	What 3 ways can volcanoes form?
507148858	Hot spot volcanoes have liquid lava that has low viscosity,high water, and low silicates.	Why are eruptions quiet at hot spot volcanoes?
507148859	The Hawaiian Islands were formed as seamounts grew over hot spots in the Pacific.	How were the Hawaiian Islands formed?
507148860	low silica/ high water content/ high temperatures/ low viscosity	Characteristics of Quiet eruptions
507148861	high silica/ low water content/ low temperatures/ high viscosity	Characteristics of Explosive eruptions
507148862	(1) broad/ flat, gently sloping cone (2) quiet eruptions (3) found in Hawaii	Characteristics of Shield Volcanoes
507148863	(1) tall, steep, side vents (2) explosive eruptions (3) found in Japan	Characteristics of Composite Volcanoes
507148864	(1) simple, small, steep sided (2) explosive eruptions (3) found in California	Characteristics of Cinder Cone Volcanoes
507148865	(1) underwater mountain (volcano) that doesn't reach the surface (2) found in Hawaii	Characteristics of Seamount Volcanoes
507148866	lava plateaus	What type of non-volcanic igneous features are extrusive?
507148867	sills, dikes, batholiths, volcanic necks or plugs	What type of non-volcanic igneous features are intrusive?
507148868	quasar	the brilliant center of a distant galaxy
507148869	comet	dirty snowball
507148870	supernova	death of a large star
507148871	pulsar	rapidly rotating neutron star
507148872	nebula	a cloud of gas and dust
507148873	planets	balls of rock, ice, or gas
507148874	galaxy	big group of stars
507148875	14 billion years	how long ago was the big bang?
507148876	2.5 billion years	how long ago did life appear on earth?
507148877	elliptical	one of the four shapes of galaxies - most common
507148878	spiral	one of the four shapes of galaxies - disk shaped
507148879	barred-spiral	one of the four shapes of galaxies - elongated nucleus
507148880	irregular	one of the four shapes of galaxies - rarest type of galaxy
507148881	cluster	a group of galaxies
507148882	supercluster	a group of clusters
507148883	aries	the ram (zodiac)
507148884	tarus	the bull (zodiac)
507148885	cancer	the crab (zodiac)
507148886	gemini	the twins (zodiac)
507148887	leo	the lion (zodiac)
507148888	libra	the scales (zodiac
507148889	virgo	the virgin (zodiac)
507148890	sagittarius	the archer (zodiac)
507148891	scorpius	the scorpion (zodiac)
507148892	capricornus	the sea-goat (zodiac)
507148893	pisces	the fishes (zodiac)
507148894	aquarius	the water-carrier (zodiac)
507148895	27,000,000 degrees	temperature of the core of the sun
507148896	sun spots	dark spots on the sun caused by disturbances of the sun's magnetic field
507148897	convective zone	the area where convection cells (aka supergranules) are located
507148898	supergranule	massive convection cells that are under the surface of the sun
507148899	photosphere	the visible surface of the sun
507148900	radiative zone	the area between the sun's core and the convective zone
507148901	corona	outer layer of the sun
507148902	mercury	the planet closest to our sun
507148903	mercury	this is a rocky planet with almost no atmosphere, a silicate mantle, and an iron core.
507148904	mercury	the craters on this planet were named after famous creative people
507148905	venus	the hottest planet in our solar system
507148906	venus	this planet's atmosphere is made up of almost entirely carbon dioxide and has a surface almost entirely concealed by clouds
507148907	earth	the third planet from our sun
507148908	earth	this planet has an atmosphere made of 3/4 nitrogen and 1/4 hydrogen as well as a small bit of other elements.
507148909	waxing	the process of earth's moon going from a new moon to a full moon
507148910	waning	the process of the earth's moon going from a full moon to a new moon
507148911	mars	a planet that experiences earthlike seasons but has less than 1% water vapor in the atmosphere
507148912	mars	this planet has a lot of iron oxide, causing its vibrant color
507148913	jupiter	this planet has a core twice the size of earth
507148914	europa	a moon of jupiter covered in ice and water
507148915	castillo	a moon of jupiter covered in huge craters and dirty ice
507148916	ganymede	a moon of jupiter that is the largest moon in our solar system
507148917	io	a moon of jupiter that has the first known active volcanoes outside of earth
507148918	saturn	a ringed planet with 30 moons
507148919	titan	saturn's largest moon
507148920	neptune	the farthest official planet from the sun in our solar system
507148921	cordelia	uranus's moon
507148922	uranus	a ringed planet that has moons named for shakespearian characters
507148923	neptune	this planet has the 'great dark spot' and experiences no seasons
507148924	triton	this is the largest of neptune's moons and has the lowest temperature in the solar system
507148925	meteor	dust particles and rock fragments burning in our atmosphere
507148926	asteroids	chunks of rock that orbit the sun
507148927	meteor belt	inbetween mars and jupiter's orbits, home to most of our solar system's ______s
507148928	ptolemy	the father of astronomy
507148929	hertzsprung-russell	a diagram that shows the relationship between the surface temperature and color of stars

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Earth Science Topic 12 Earths Interior Flashcards

Brief Review for Earth Science Topic 12 Earths Interior

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1049211594	Original horizontality	Assumes that sedimentary rocks and some igneous rocks form in horizontal layers
1049211595	Folded	Rock layers are bent or curved
1049211596	Faulted	Rock layers are offset or displaced along a crack
1049211597	Uplifted	Reason why we find fossils hundreds to thousands of meters above sea level
1049211598	Earthquake	Natural rapid shaking of the lithosphere
1049211599	Seismic waves	Waves that come out from an earthquake
1049211600	Epicenter	Location on land or water surface directly above Earthquake focus
1049211601	P waves	Earthquake waves that vibrate in the direction the wave is moving
1049211602	S waves	Earthquake waves that vibrate at right angles to the direction the wave is moving
1049211603	Tsunami	Large wavelength ocean wave that is produced by an Earthquake or landslide
1049211604	Volcano	Mountain composed of extrusive igneous rocks
1049211605	Volcanic eruption	Giving off of gases, lava, and lava rock onto Earth's surface
1049211606	Moho	Seperation between the mantle and the crust
1049211607	Lithosphere	Crust and the upper portion of the mantle
1049211608	Asthenosphere	Plastic-like portion of the mantle
1049211609	Plate tectonics	Concept that Earth's lithosphere is broken up into plates
1049211610	Divergent plate boundary	Where two plates separate and magma rises to fill the separation, usually at mid-ocean ridges
1049211611	Convergent plate boundary	Where two plates collide
1049211612	Subduction	Where oceanic crust below continental crust because of its higher density
1049211613	Transform plate boundary	Where two plates slide past one another
1049211614	Hot spot	Volcanic activity in the middle of plates, how the Hawaiian Islands were formed

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AP Biology Exam #1 Flashcards

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1152508560	Organic Compound	-compounds that contain carbon and usually hydrogen -example: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
1152508561	Inorganic Compound	-Compounds that, for the most part, do not contain carbon -Exceptions: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and others
1152508562	Carbonyl Group	-Makes a compound hydrophilic and polar - C=O group -Examples: aldehyde (C=O group is at the end of the chain) Ketone (C=O group is anywhere but the end if the chain)
1152508563	Carboxyl Group	-A carbonyl group with -OH at the end -Found in amino acids
1152508564	Hydroxyl Group	-Is present in compounds known as alcohols -The structure is r-OH -Makes a compound polar and hydrophilic
1152508565	Phosphate Group	-Serves as a cellular energy source (ADP, ATP, GDP) -is acidic - r-O-PO3
1152508566	Lipid	-An organic compound used by cells as long term energy stores or building blocks -Is hydrophobic and insoluble in water -Most important examples: fats, oils, steroids
1152508567	Fats	-Are made by combining glycerol and three fatty acids -More effective means of storing energy than carbohydrates
1152508568	Saturated Fat	-Contains no double bonds -Associated with heart disease and atherosclerosis
1152508569	Unsaturated Fat	Contains one or more double bonds
1152508570	Steroid	-A lipid composed of four carbon rings -Examples: cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone
1152508571	Phospholipid	-A lipid formed by combining a glycerol molecule with two fatty acids and a phosphate group -Has a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head -Is the major component of cell membranes
1152508572	Monosaccharide	-Simplest carbohydrate -Example: Glucose
1152508573	Disaccharide	-A sugar consisting of two monosaccharides bound together -Examples: sucrose, maltose, and lactose
1152508574	Polysaccharide	-A carbohydrate containing three or more monosaccharides linked together -Examples: starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin
1152508575	Primary Structure of a Protein	The order of amino acids that make up the protein
1152508576	Secondary Structure of a Protein	The three dimensional arrangement of a protein caused by hydrogen bonding at regular intervals along the polypeptide backbone
1152508577	Tertiary Structure of a Protein	The three dimensional arrangement of a protein caused by interaction among the various R groups of the amino acids involved
1152508578	Quaternary Structure of a Protein	The arrangement of the separate polypeptide subunits into a single protein
1152508579	Enzyme	-A protein that acts as an organic catalyst to speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to take place
1152508580	pH Number Scale	-Runs from 1-14 - 0= strongly acidic - 7= neutral - 14= strongly basic
1152508581	Hydrolysis Reaction	A reaction that breaks down compounds by the addition of water
1152508582	Dehydration Synthesis Reaction	A reaction in which two compounds are brought together with water released as a product
1152508583	Endergonic Reaction	A reaction that requires the input of energy to occur
1152508584	Exergonic Reaction	A reaction that gives off energy as a product

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STC 8th Grade Science Forces and motion chapter 3 section 1 and 2 Flashcards

STC 8th Grade Science Forces and motion chapter 3 section 1 and 2

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510059034	fluid	a nonsolid in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other,like a gas or liquid
510059035	pressure	the amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface
510059036	pascal (Pa)	SI unit for pressure
510059037	Atmospheric pressure	pressure from the weight of the atmosphere
510059038	Buoyant force	upward force that keeps an object floating on a liquid
510059039	Archimedes principle	buoyant force is when the weight of the object is equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces

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Force and Motion Study Guide Flashcards

Force and Motion Study Guide

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332098278	Inertia	a tendency of an object to remain in motion or stay at rest unless acted on by an outside force.
332098279	Position	location of an object
332098280	Force	push or pull
332098281	Weight	measure of the pull of gravity between an object and Earth
332098282	Newtons	unit used to measure pushes and pulls, measurement in the metric system
332098283	Friction	force that occurs when one object rubs against another
332098284	Motion	a change in position
332098285	Speed	how fast an object moves over a distance
332098286	Pound	English unit of measurement
332098287	Gravity	pulling force between two objects
332098288	Distance	length between two places
332098289	Work	the use of a force to move an object a certain distance
332098290	Energy	the ability to do work, either to make an object move or to change matter
332098291	Machine	a tool that makes work easier to do
332098292	Simple machine	a machine with few or no moving parts that makes it easier to do work. The six types are lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge and screw.
332098293	Lever	a simple machine made of a rigid bar or plank and a fixed point, called a fulcrum
332098294	Wheel and axle	a simple machine made of a handle or axle attached to the center of a wheel
332098295	Pulley	a simple machine made up of a rope, belt, or chain wrapped around a wheel with a groove in it
332098296	Ramp	another name for an inclined plane
332098297	Inclined plane	a straight, slanted surface that is not moved when it is used
332098298	Wedge	two inclined planes placed back to back, a moving inclined plane
332098299	Screw	an inclined plane wrapped or twisted into a spiral
332098300	Compound machine	two or more simple machines put together
332098301	Load	the object being lifted or moved by a machine
332098302	Force	any push or pull that makes an object start moving, stop moving, speed up, slow down, or change direction

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8th Grade Science - Forces and Motion test Flashcards

8th Grade Physical Science - Forces and Motion
Covers:
- Basic force and motion vocabulary
- How forces work
- Gravity and mass
- Newton's Laws
- Acceleration
- Formulas
- Speed and Velocity

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222258344	force	A push or pull on an object that may or may not cause motion, has a size and direction
222258345	velocity	the speed of an object in a particular direction
222258346	net force	the combination of all forces acting on an object
222258347	newton	the SI unit of force
222258348	acceleration	the rate at which velocity changes over time, the rate at which velocity changes over time; an object accelerates if its speed, direction, or both change
222258349	Example of acceleration	a boulder rolling down a hill faster
222258350	balanced forces	2 or more forces exerted on an object that cancel each other out and don't cause a change in motion
222258351	unbalanced forces	2 or more forces exerted on an object that can cause an object to change in motion in a certain direction
222258352	gravity	the force of attraction between all masses in the universe
222258353	friction	the force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface
222258354	Decrease friction	adding lubricants
222258355	Increase friction	have rougher surfaces; i.e. sandpaper
222258356	kinetic friction	friction between moving surfaces
222258357	static friction	friction between non-moving surfaces
222258358	Newton's 1st Law	an object at rest will stay at rest; an object in motion will stay in motion; unless acted by an outside force
222258359	Newton's 1st Law (2nd way of calling it)	Intertia
222258360	Newton's 2nd Law	Force is mass times acceleration; an objects acceleration depends on the mass of the object and the size and direction of the force acting upon it
222258361	Newton's 3rd Law	Every action force has an opposite, and equal reaction force
222258362	fluid friction	friction that occurs as an object moves through a fluid
222258363	sliding friction	friction that occurs when one solid surface slides over another
223138046	motion	an object's change in position relative to a reference point
223138047	speed	the rate at which an object moves
223138048	Average speed formula	total distance/total time
223138049	Negative acceleration	deceleration

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Biology: Cells & Organelles Flashcards

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215825845	cell	(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
215825846	cyto-	cell
216332926	organelle	specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a cell
216332927	nucleus	a part of the cell containing DNA, surrounded by a double membrane
216332928	endoplasmic reticulum (ER)	an internal membrane system in which components of cell membrane (smooth ER) and some proteins (rough ER) are constructed
216332929	Golgi Apparatus	a structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell; AKA Golgi Apparatus, Golgi Complex
216332930	ribosome	An organelle that functions in the synthesis of proteins
216332931	cell membrane	thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell; AKA plasma membrane
216332932	cell wall	a rigid layer of material that surrounds the cells of plants, bacteria, fungi and some protists; absent in animal cells
216332933	cytoplasm	The region of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus; contains most organelles and cytosol
216332934	cytoskeleton	a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and allows movement of organelles and the cell itself
216332935	mitochondrion	an organelle that transfers energy from organic compounds to ATP; plural mitochondria; contain DNA and ribosomes separate from nucleus; derived from endosymbiosis of heterotrophic bacteria
216332936	chloroplast	organelle found in cells of plants and some protists that captures energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy; contain DNA and ribosomes separate from nucleus; derived from endosymbiosis of photosynthetic bacteria
216332937	vesicle	generic name for a storage organelle
216332938	flagellum	a whip-like appendage used for locomotion (e.g., in sperm cells and some bacteria and protozoa); plural flagella
216332939	cilium	a hairlike projection from the surface of a cell; plural cilia
216332940	central vacuole	a large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes
988828764	centriole	organelle that aids in cell division; found in only animal cells