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Macromolecules Flashcards

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192500639CarbohydratesOrganic compounds that include sugars, starch and cellulose. Are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
192500640Peptide bondThe primary linkage of all protein structures
192500641Amino acidMonomer that makes up proteins; contains carboxyl and amino functional groups
192500642ProteinsMacromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
192500643CelluloseA polysaccharide that is the chief constituent of all plant tissues and fibers
192500644StarchA complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds, fruits, tubers, roots and stem pith of plants, notably in corn, potatoes, wheat, and rice
192500645GlycogenOne form in which body fuel is stored
192500646GlucoseA monosaccharide sugar that has several forms. An energy source in plants and animals
192500647PolysaccharidesCarbohydrate made up of many mono saccharide units
192500648fructoseDerived from glucose and is called a fruit sugar. Combines with glucose to form sucrose
192500649MonosaccharidesAny kind of simple sugar molecule
192500650DisaccharidesCarbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides
192500651MonomersSmall unit that can join together with other small units to form polymers
192500652PolymersLarge compound formed from combinations of many monomers
192500653LipidsEnergy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
192500654Nucleic acidAny of various macromolecules composed of nucleotid chains that are vital constituents of all living cells
192500655Sucrosea complex carbohydrate found in many plants and used as a sweetening agent
192500656Lactosea sugar comprising one glucose molecule linked to a galactose molecule
192500657Complex carbohydratesstarches which are made up of many sugars and are found in foods like potatoes, beans, and whole grain cereals
192500658Primary structureThe first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain.
192500659Secondary structureThe second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.
192500660Tertiary structureThe third level of protein structure; the overall, three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions of the R groups of the amino acids making up the chain.
192500661Quaternary structureThe fourth level of protein structure; the shape resulting from the association of two or more polypeptide subunits.
192500662Carboxyl groupCOOH
192500663Amino groupNH2
194274804RNAA single chain of nucleic acids with 3 different forms
194274805DNAA double helix of nucleic acids
194275016DNA basesAdenine, Thyamine, Guanine, Cytosine
194275017RNA basesAdenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine

Biological Macromolecules Flashcards

Biol 1104 - Biosphere: Characteristics of Biological Macromolecules

Terms : Hide Images
85371175Hydrocarbon - compositionC , H
85371176Hydrocarbon - functionFossil fuels that power the modern world
85371177Hydrocarbon - examplesMethane, propane, petroleum
85371178Classes of Biological MacromoleculesCarbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
85371179PolymersLong chains composed of many monomers
85371180Dehydration Synthesis reactionsLinks the monomers together (requires energy and releases water)
85371181Hydrolysis reactionsRemove monomers from the chain (requires energy and water)
85371182Carbohydrates - compositionC,H,O - Ratio CnH2nOn
85371183Carbohydrates - typesMonosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide
85371184Monosaccharide - structureMonomers - Simple sugars
85371185Monosaccharide - functionprovide cells with energy
85371186Monosaccharide - examplesglucose, fructose, lactose
85371187Disaccharide - StructureComposed of two monosaccharides
85371188Disaccharide - functionProvide cells with energy when hydrolyzed into monosaccharides
85371189Disaccharide - ExamplesSucrose, lactose
85371190Polysaccharide - structurePolymer of monosaccharides
85371191Polysaccharide - examplesGlycogen, Starch, Cellulose
85371192Glycogen - FunctionShort term energy storage in animals
85371193Starch - FunctionEnergy storage in plants
85371194Cellulose - FunctionMain component of plant cell walls
85371195Lipids - CompositionC,H,O, sometimes P - ratio C>>O
85371196Lipids - StructureNot true polymers - are nonpolar or have nonpolar regions
85371197Lipids - ExamplesFats, Steroids, Phospholipids
85371198Fats - FunctionLong term energy storage
85371199Steroids - FunctionChemical messengers e.g. testosterone and estrogen
85371200Phospholipids - FunctionCell membrane structure
85371201Proteins - CompositionC, H, N, O, some have S
85371202Protein - General StructurePolymer of amino acids
85371203Peptide BondCovalent bond that joins amino acids making polypeptides (proteins)
85371204Protein - primary structureThe sequence of amino acids that form the polypeptides
85371205Protein - secondary structureThe folding of the amino acid chain into coils (helices) and sheets
85371206Protein - tertiary structureThe folding of the coils and sheets into a more complex form
85371207Protein - quaternary structureThe interaction of two or more distinct polypeptides (not found in all proteins)
85371208Proteins - ExamplesEnzymes, some hormones, antibodies, structural
85371209Enzymes - FunctionCarry out biological chemical reactions
85371210Protein Hormones - FunctionCell to cell communication - e.g. insulin
85371211Antibodies - FunctionDefend against infection
85371212Nucleic Acids - CompositionC, H, O, N, P
85371213Nucleic Acids - StructurePolymer of Nucleotides
85371214Nucleotide - StructureA phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base
85371215Nucleic Acids - nitrogenous basesA (Adenine), G (Guanine), C (Cytosine), T (Thymine), U (Uracil)
85371216Nucleic Acids - ExamplesDNA and RNA
85371217DNA - functionstore information, transmit information to offspring
85371218RNA - functionsynthesis of proteins and regulation of gene expression
85371219DNA - structuredouble helix - sugar phosphate backbone with base pairs in the middle

When Worlds Collide Flashcards

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579362850Treaty of Tordesillas1494, divided findings between Portugal and Spain, two main exploring countries at that time. The church got involved and are everything east of like portuguese and west of line spanish.
579362851Line of DemarcationLine made in the Treadty of Tordesillas
579362852CaribbeanArea Spain impacted first, trying to find gold but didn't.
579362853Encomienda SystemA spanish colonist was given land and in turn taught natives about christianity and cared for them.
579362854Hernan Cortes 1st AttemptStarted toward Aztec capital with 4-600 soldiers, aztec emperor housed them, riots from Aztec people began, Montezuma was killed, and Cortes made way out of city losing 3/4 of troops.
579362855MontezumaAztec emperor at time of voyages of discovery.
579362856Hernan Cortes 2nd AttemptAssaulted aztec capital by water, gathers army of 200,000, builds 13 ships, takes over capital and aztec empire falls within years.
579362857Francisco PizarroTook Peru and Incan empire. had army of about 200, met emperor and demanded he convert and hand over empire. he refused so he was held hostage and then killed, upon learning that Incas had killed a spaniard, soldiers seized empire at Cuzco.
579362858AtahuallpaEmperor of inca empire.
579362859Why did conquest work?guns, mechanical crossbows, armor and horses were foreign to natives, spanish found weaknesses (people ruled by aztecs worked with spaniards, incas had been in civil war), diseases killed many.
579362860Colonial RuleStrict rule by crown, viceroys ruled large areas.
579362861Religion in ConquestsChurch leaders helped run government, tried to convert as many as possible.
579362862Economic Arrangements with Colonistsencomienda system, could only trade with spain, sugar plantations required large labor force. (required labor from natives, which led to mistreatment and importation of slaves)
579362863Culture Under Spanish Colonizationcombination of european, native american, and african traditions. Social Structure: peninsulares, creoles, mestizos and mulattoes, native americans/africans.
579362864Spanish SilverSpain finds huge mineral deposits, mostly silver: 1/5 went to crown, used to finance building empire. In colonies, spain did not focus on building other economic ventures which is why other countries profited more from the silver than spain.
579362865Spanish Silver in Economycreated huge stores of wealth, created incentive for capitalistic ventures, huge disruptions in economies.
579362866Portugese is Brazilnot as successful as Spain, focus not on new colony but on spice trade. also, brazil had jungles with made farming difficult
579362867French in Americasnot as many colonists, more traders, not a strong government presence, intermingled 2 cultures, different economics, no slavery, explored the interior
579362868French Economics in Americasno huge silver or gold deposits, furs fish and forest were their focus.
579362869Samuel ChamplainFrench, sponsored by kings in France, looking to explore north america and make settlements in "new france". He found 1st european settlement (Port royal, acadia), 1st to explore great lakes, built permanent french settlements on st.lawrence river, built trading companies.
579362870Rene-Robert La SalleFrench, sponsored by King Louis XIV of France. Looking to explore north america and build settlement on gulf of mexico at mouth of mississippi. Claimed mississippi river basin for france, named Louisiana.
579362871Marquette and JolietFrench, sponsored by King Louis XIV of France. Looking to explore north america. 1st europeans to see mississippi, traveled within 435 miles on gulf, portaged to lake michigan over chicago river. Joliet is first explorer to make discoveries born in new world.
579362872New NetherlandDutch, Hudson River Valley, bought manhattan from indians. Ceded by treaty to english in 1674, dutch had more interest in spice trade than in north america.
579362873English in North AmericaHudson bay claims, Roanoke failed (2nd european settlement after st. augustine), Jamestown (saved by tobacco, first representative assembly in america) Plymouth (founded as religious sanctuary, self-governed)
579362874English Colony Governmentless strict than spain and france, crown granted lands the let companies or groups govern land
579362875English Colony Economymore economic freedom than in spain's colonies, people left to fend for themselves
579362876English Colony Religionmany were trying to avoid England's national faith, not here to spread religion, some still had state religions
579362877English Colony Cultureno intermixing of colonists with natives, slaves were more in south and family farming in north

AP US History Chapter 2- When Worlds Collide Flashcards

Chapter 2- When Worlds Collide

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877645124FeudalismA set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries, which, broadly defined, was a system for structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour.
877645125ReconqistaA period of approximately 781 years in the history of the Iberian Peninsula, from the first Islamic invasion in 711 to the fall of Granada, the last Islamic state on the peninsula, in 1492.
877645126Christopher ColumbusAn Italian explorer, navigator, and colonizer who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that led the European awareness of the North American continents.
877645127Bartolome de Las CasasA 16th century spanish historian, social reformer, and Domincan friar. He was one of the first European settlers in the Americas and he advocated before King Charles V on behalf of the rights for the natives in 1515.
877645128Giovanni CabotoAn Italian navigator and explorer whose discovery of parts of North America in 1497 was the first European encounter with the North American mainland since the 11th century.
877645129Protestant ReformationThe schism within Western Christianity that was sparked by the posting of Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses in 1517.
877645130Spanish ArmadaThe Spanish fleet that sailed against England in 1588 under the command of the Duke of Medina Sedonia.
877645131RenaissanceA cultural movement that spanned from the 14th to the 17th century. It began in Italy and later spread to the rest of Europe.
877645132EncomiendaA legal system that was employed mainly by the Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of the Americas to regulate Native American labor. The system was abolished in 1720
877645133Vassco BalboaSpanish explorer who discovered the Pacific Ocean. (1475-1519)
877645134Ponce de LeonA Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the first European expedition to Florida in 1513.
877645135Giovanni de VerrazanoHe is renowned as the first European since the Norse expeditions to North America around AD 1000 to explore the Atlantic coast of North America between the Carolinas and Newfoundland, including New York Bay and Narragansett Bay in 1524.
877645136PredestinationThe doctrine that all events have been willed by God.
877645137John WhiteAn English artist, and an early pioneer of English efforts to settle the New World. He was among those who sailed with Richard Grenville to North Carolina in 1585, acting as artist and mapmaker to the expedition.
877645138Portuguese ExplorationBetween 1415 and 1578, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos.
877645139TenochititianFounded in 1325, it became the capital of the expanding Mexican Empire in the 15th century, until captured by the Spanish in 1521.
877645140Hernan CortesSpanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)
877645141Treaty of TordesillasSigned on June 7, 1492 it divided the newly discovered lands between Portugal and Spain.
877645142Jacques CartierFrench explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France (1491-1557)
877645143ProtestantsA member of a Western Christian church whose faith and practice are founded on the principles of the Reformation, especially in the acceptance of the Bible as the sole source of revelation, in justification by faith alone, and in the universal priesthood of all the believers.

Econ ch 1 sect 3 Production Possibilities Curves Flashcards

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436059993production possibilities curveshow alternative ways to use an economy's productive resources
436059994efficiencyusing resources in such a way as to maxmize the production or output of goods and services
436059995underutilizationusing fewer resources than the economy is capable of using
436059996costthe alternative we give up when we choose one option over the other
436059997law of increasing costas production switches from one item to another, more and more resources are necessary to increase production of the second item

AP US history Ch4-5 Flashcards

for AP US History Ch 4 & 5 from the textbook 'Out of Many'

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458536562The first and most valuable crop raised by slaves in the Americas wassugar
458536563T or F Columbus introduced sugarcane into the Americas from islands off Africatrue
458536564Shifting cultivation included all of the followingclearing land by burning, letting cleared land lie fallow, using hoes to cultivate the land
458536565In West Africa, slaveswere treated more like family members
458536566In terms of numbers, the least important destination for American slaves wasthe North American mainland
458536567African families were first split upwhile awaiting shipment to the Americas
458536568The term "Middle Passage" refers tothe middle part of the trade triangle in which slaves were shipped from West Africa to North America
458536569T or F Africans were prevented by law from acquiring land and slaves in VirginiaFalse
458536570Slave societies were characterized byslavery as the dominant form of labor
458536571The 18th century Carolina "low country" slave system depended onrice and indigo dye
458536572The papacy considered slaverya violation of christian principles
458536573Antislavery sentiment first emerged inPennsylvania
458536574T or F Slave codes did not provide for legal slave marriages because it would have contradicted the master's rights of propertytrue
458536575African Americans were not converted to christianity in large numbers untilthe great awakening (1740s)
458536576The foundation of African-American culture wasmusic and dance
458536577The nursing of white children by African slave mothersintroduced African influences into southern language
458536578Slave revolts in North America were rare becauseAfricans had establishes families and communities
458536579Capital acquired through slavery contributed to all of the following:the founding of the first modern banks, the growth of port cities, the Industrial Revolution
458536580Mercantilism viewed the economy ashaving finite resources
458536581The capture of Louisburg by the British wasthe first time the concluding battle of a European battle was fought on american soil
458536582T or F The English Navigation Acts responded to the demands of domestic manufacturers for cheap raw materials and guaranteed colonial markets for finished goodsTrue
458536583The "first families" of Britain's southern colonies in North Americapassed on their wealth from father to son
458536584Slave codes includedphysical punishment of any Africans who struck a Christian, denial of civil rights, and penalties or interracial marriage
458536585T or F European nations participated in the African Slave tradeTrue
458536586T or F The beginnings of slavery were in North AmericaFalse
458536587From North to South, these are the tribes in West Africa that contributed to the slave trade:Mandingos, Ashantis, Yorubas, Hausas, Ibos, Bakongos
458536588An important element in the development of the African slave trade was thereluctance of the catholic church to allow enslavement of christians
458536589The majority of people who came to America prior to 1800 were fromAfrica
458536590The vast majority of Africans bound into slavery werecaptured by other Africans who traded their victims to Europe
458536591In the account of his enslavement, Olaudah Equiano states thathe believed that many more slaves would have tried to kill themselves if they had been able to
458536592One result of the slave trade wasdebilitating social and economic dislocations in West Africa
458536593One reason that South Carolina embraced African style slavery early in the colony's history isthe role that Africans played in the production of indigo and rice
458536594The growth of the African American community was based onThe relationship between Creoles and Africans and between the slaves and their masters
458536595The identity that African Americans developed during the 18th centuryrevealed the resilience of human beings in responding to the tragedy of enslavement
458536596In British North America, slaverydiscouraged economic diversification that characterized the development of industry
458536597The fundamental principle of mercantilism is thatthe wealth of a nation is based on the amount of gold and silver specie that a nation accumulates
458536598The eighteenth century plantation economycreated widespread wealth for many white Americans and an unprecedented opportunity for freedom
458536599One result of slavery in the colonies wasa highly stratified class structure
458536600The most important institution in sixteenth century West Africa wasthe local community
458536601In West Africa, _____ sustained large populations and thriving networks of commercefarming
458536602T or F The life of a slave in West Africa was similar to that of a slave in the West IndiesFalse
458536603Before the 19th century, Africans outnumbered European Immigrants by a ratio of6 to 1
458536604The capture of Africans for slavery was generally characterized byviolent raids on African villages
458536605T or F Political, economic, and cultural demoralization as a result of the slave trade paved the way for European conquest or Africa in the 19th centuryTrue
458536606T or F The English relied on the long establishes law allowing enslavement for life and the inevitable and inheritable status of slavery.false
458536607A law declared in 1669 that the death a slave during punishmentwas not a felony
458536608Planters often worked their slaves to death inBrazil
458536609Slavery was relatively uncommon in the New England countryside except inRhode Island
458536610T or F the Quakers who did not believe in owning slaves themselves were the first voices for the antislavery movementfalse
458536611T or F planters generally tried to keep slave families together in order to increase the productivity of their slavesFalse
458536612One of the most important development of the 18th century wasthe creation of a common language
458536613Mutual ______ is evident in many aspects of African-American and Southern societyacculturation
458536614Runaway slaves were generallyyoung men in their twenties
458536615T or F On economist describes the slave trade as the 'foundation' of British economy, 'the mainspring of the machine which sets every wheel in motion'true
458536616The basis of mercantilism waspolitical control of the economy by the state
458536617T or F The mercantilist era was characterized by intense and violent competition between European statestrue
458536618T or F most colonists began to complain about British restrictions on imports and exports in the 1740sFalse
458536619Slavery produced a highly _______ class systemstratified
458536620T or F Interracial sexual relationships were common and looked upon highlyfalse
458584045What colonial war took place between France and England near the St. Lawrence river between 1689 and 1697?King William's war
458584046What colonial war took place between France/Spain and England --also known as the War of Spanish Succession-- between 1702 and 1713?Queen Anne's War
458584047What colonial war took place between Spain and Great Britain in the West Indies and Georgia between 1739 and 1743, also known as the first part of the War of Austrian Succession?War of Jenkins's Era
458584048What colonial war took place between France and England near Acadia and Nova Scotia between 1744 and 1748, also known as the second American round of the War of Austrian Succession?King George's War
458584049What colonial war took place between France/Spain and England between 1689 and 1697, also known as the Seven Years War?French and Indian War
458592541African slaves first brought to Portugal1441
458592542Spain grants official license to Portuguese slavers1518
458592543Africans constitute a majority on Hispaniola1535
458592544First Africans brought to Virginia1619
458592545English seize Jamaica1655
458592546Virginia law makes slavery hereditary1662
458592547South Carolina founded1670
458592548Royal African Company organized1672
458592549Virginia prohibits interracial sexual contact1691
458592550Britain opens the slave trade to all its merchants1698
458592551Spanish declare Florida a refuge for escaped slaves1699
458592552South Carolinians burn St. Augustine1702
458592553Virginia Slave Code established1705
458592554French and Spanish navies bombard Charleston1706
458592555English capture Port Royal in Acadia1710
458592556Slave uprising in New York City1712
458592557Peace of Utrecht1713
458592558Robert Walpole leads British cabinet1721-1748
458592559Natchez rebellion in French Louisiana1729
458592560Molasses act1733
458592561Stono Rebellion in South Carolina1739
458592562Africans executed in New York for conspiracy1741
458592563Georgia officially opened to slavery1752
458592564Peak period of the English colonies' slave trade1770s
458592565Importation of slaves into the United States ends1808

American History Ch4 Flashcards

A Time of Hope and Hardship

Industrialization, Immigration, suburbanization, nativism

Terms : Hide Images
540112960immigrantperson who moves from one country to settle in another
540112961push factorreasons that force to people to LEAVE a country
540112962nativistdisliked the newer immigrants
540112963suburbresidential area surrounding a neighborhood
540112964tenementapartment building with several floors, crowded, not well kept
540112965settlement houseprivately run neighborhood center that provided services to help the poor.
540112966political machinewell-organized, powerful political party that controls a city government or section of the city
540112967grangecombined the buying and selling power of a group of farmers.
540112968Populist PartyGroup founded in 1892 to support people politically; ex. farmers and workers
540112969depressioneconomic condition with little business activity, low wages, low prices, high unemployment
540112970pull factorsreasons for people to go TO a new country to live.
540112971classlevel or division of society
540112972sanitationefforts to create cleaner conditions

AP US history Ch4-5 Flashcards

for AP US History Ch 4 & 5 from the textbook 'Out of Many'

Terms : Hide Images
610693183The first and most valuable crop raised by slaves in the Americas wassugar
610693184T or F Columbus introduced sugarcane into the Americas from islands off Africatrue
610693185Shifting cultivation included all of the followingclearing land by burning, letting cleared land lie fallow, using hoes to cultivate the land
610693186In West Africa, slaveswere treated more like family members
610693187In terms of numbers, the least important destination for American slaves wasthe North American mainland
610693188African families were first split upwhile awaiting shipment to the Americas
610693189The term "Middle Passage" refers tothe middle part of the trade triangle in which slaves were shipped from West Africa to North America
610693190T or F Africans were prevented by law from acquiring land and slaves in VirginiaFalse
610693191Slave societies were characterized byslavery as the dominant form of labor
610693192The 18th century Carolina "low country" slave system depended onrice and indigo dye
610693193The papacy considered slaverya violation of christian principles
610693194Antislavery sentiment first emerged inPennsylvania
610693195T or F Slave codes did not provide for legal slave marriages because it would have contradicted the master's rights of propertytrue
610693196African Americans were not converted to christianity in large numbers untilthe great awakening (1740s)
610693197The foundation of African-American culture wasmusic and dance
610693198The nursing of white children by African slave mothersintroduced African influences into southern language
610693199Slave revolts in North America were rare becauseAfricans had establishes families and communities
610693200Capital acquired through slavery contributed to all of the following:the founding of the first modern banks, the growth of port cities, the Industrial Revolution
610693201Mercantilism viewed the economy ashaving finite resources
610693202The capture of Louisburg by the British wasthe first time the concluding battle of a European battle was fought on american soil
610693203T or F The English Navigation Acts responded to the demands of domestic manufacturers for cheap raw materials and guaranteed colonial markets for finished goodsTrue
610693204The "first families" of Britain's southern colonies in North Americapassed on their wealth from father to son
610693205Slave codes includedphysical punishment of any Africans who struck a Christian, denial of civil rights, and penalties or interracial marriage
610693206T or F European nations participated in the African Slave tradeTrue
610693207T or F The beginnings of slavery were in North AmericaFalse
610693208From North to South, these are the tribes in West Africa that contributed to the slave trade:Mandingos, Ashantis, Yorubas, Hausas, Ibos, Bakongos
610693209An important element in the development of the African slave trade was thereluctance of the catholic church to allow enslavement of christians
610693210The majority of people who came to America prior to 1800 were fromAfrica
610693211The vast majority of Africans bound into slavery werecaptured by other Africans who traded their victims to Europe
610693212In the account of his enslavement, Olaudah Equiano states thathe believed that many more slaves would have tried to kill themselves if they had been able to
610693213One result of the slave trade wasdebilitating social and economic dislocations in West Africa
610693214One reason that South Carolina embraced African style slavery early in the colony's history isthe role that Africans played in the production of indigo and rice
610693215The growth of the African American community was based onThe relationship between Creoles and Africans and between the slaves and their masters
610693216The identity that African Americans developed during the 18th centuryrevealed the resilience of human beings in responding to the tragedy of enslavement
610693217In British North America, slaverydiscouraged economic diversification that characterized the development of industry
610693218The fundamental principle of mercantilism is thatthe wealth of a nation is based on the amount of gold and silver specie that a nation accumulates
610693219The eighteenth century plantation economycreated widespread wealth for many white Americans and an unprecedented opportunity for freedom
610693220One result of slavery in the colonies wasa highly stratified class structure
610693221The most important institution in sixteenth century West Africa wasthe local community
610693222In West Africa, _____ sustained large populations and thriving networks of commercefarming
610693223T or F The life of a slave in West Africa was similar to that of a slave in the West IndiesFalse
610693224Before the 19th century, Africans outnumbered European Immigrants by a ratio of6 to 1
610693225The capture of Africans for slavery was generally characterized byviolent raids on African villages
610693226T or F Political, economic, and cultural demoralization as a result of the slave trade paved the way for European conquest or Africa in the 19th centuryTrue
610693227T or F The English relied on the long establishes law allowing enslavement for life and the inevitable and inheritable status of slavery.false
610693228A law declared in 1669 that the death a slave during punishmentwas not a felony
610693229Planters often worked their slaves to death inBrazil
610693230Slavery was relatively uncommon in the New England countryside except inRhode Island
610693231T or F the Quakers who did not believe in owning slaves themselves were the first voices for the antislavery movementfalse
610693232T or F planters generally tried to keep slave families together in order to increase the productivity of their slavesFalse
610693233One of the most important development of the 18th century wasthe creation of a common language
610693234Mutual ______ is evident in many aspects of African-American and Southern societyacculturation
610693235Runaway slaves were generallyyoung men in their twenties
610693236T or F On economist describes the slave trade as the 'foundation' of British economy, 'the mainspring of the machine which sets every wheel in motion'true
610693237The basis of mercantilism waspolitical control of the economy by the state
610693238T or F The mercantilist era was characterized by intense and violent competition between European statestrue
610693239T or F most colonists began to complain about British restrictions on imports and exports in the 1740sFalse
610693240Slavery produced a highly _______ class systemstratified
610693241T or F Interracial sexual relationships were common and looked upon highlyfalse
610693242What colonial war took place between France and England near the St. Lawrence river between 1689 and 1697?King William's war
610693243What colonial war took place between France/Spain and England --also known as the War of Spanish Succession-- between 1702 and 1713?Queen Anne's War
610693244What colonial war took place between Spain and Great Britain in the West Indies and Georgia between 1739 and 1743, also known as the first part of the War of Austrian Succession?War of Jenkins's Era
610693245What colonial war took place between France and England near Acadia and Nova Scotia between 1744 and 1748, also known as the second American round of the War of Austrian Succession?King George's War
610693246What colonial war took place between France/Spain and England between 1689 and 1697, also known as the Seven Years War?French and Indian War
610693247African slaves first brought to Portugal1441
610693248Spain grants official license to Portuguese slavers1518
610693249Africans constitute a majority on Hispaniola1535
610693250First Africans brought to Virginia1619
610693251English seize Jamaica1655
610693252Virginia law makes slavery hereditary1662
610693253South Carolina founded1670
610693254Royal African Company organized1672
610693255Virginia prohibits interracial sexual contact1691
610693256Britain opens the slave trade to all its merchants1698
610693257Spanish declare Florida a refuge for escaped slaves1699
610693258South Carolinians burn St. Augustine1702
610693259Virginia Slave Code established1705
610693260French and Spanish navies bombard Charleston1706
610693261English capture Port Royal in Acadia1710
610693262Slave uprising in New York City1712
610693263Peace of Utrecht1713
610693264Robert Walpole leads British cabinet1721-1748
610693265Natchez rebellion in French Louisiana1729
610693266Molasses act1733
610693267Stono Rebellion in South Carolina1739
610693268Africans executed in New York for conspiracy1741
610693269Georgia officially opened to slavery1752
610693270Peak period of the English colonies' slave trade1770s
610693271Importation of slaves into the United States ends1808

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