AP US History Exam Flashcards
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Renaissance Test Review Flashcards
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| 496719131 | Medici Family | -wealthy family of bankers from Florence -ultimately gained control of Florence and surrounding cities because of their influence | |
| 496719132 | Cosimo de Medici | -took control of oligarchy in Florence -dominated city through lavish patronage and careful courting of political allies | |
| 496719133 | Lorenzo de Medici | -"Lorenzo the Magnificent" -grandson of Cosimo -well-rounded, Renaissance man -improved Florence with art | |
| 496719134 | Humanism (classical) | -Greco-Roman view that man has unlimited potential because God gave him ability to reason -man at center, but still religious | |
| 496719135 | Individualism | -high regard for human dignity/worth -man is created in God's image -art focused on one human -"man can do all things if they will"-Alberti | |
| 496719136 | Humanism (Christian) | -focused on Hebrew/Greek texts of the Bible -faith over reason -God at center -man created in God's image | |
| 496719137 | Scientific Naturalism | -glorified nature and nude humans | |
| 496719138 | Secularism | -apart from the church -Greek gods -portraits | |
| 496719139 | Donatello (David) | -first free standing nude statue since Greco-Roman times [individualism, classical humanism, sci. naturalism] |  |
| 496719140 | Boticelli (Birth of Venus) | -included Venus, Flora,Zephyr -Venus' birth, standing up nude [secularism, classical humanism, sci. naturalism] |  |
| 496719141 | Boticelli (Allegory of Spring) | -included Mercury blowing away reason, Flora, Venus standing in the middle, Cupid, Zephyr, and Chastity [secularism, classical humanism, sci. naturalism] | |
| 496719142 | Quattrocentro | -Florentine Renaissance -center of Italy -economy based on woolens and banking -people highly educated -Duomo is the center of Italy [Donatello, Ghiberti, Giotto, Cimabue, Massaccio, Botacelli, etc.] | |
| 496759342 | Petrarch | -Father of Humanism/Italian Renaissance -characterized Middle Ages as a period of darkness -led a quest for forgotten Latin manuscript | |
| 496759343 | Dante | -author of Divine Comedy -reflected the darkness and death of Middle Ages | |
| 496759344 | Bocaccio | -wrote the Decameron, describing the reactions to the Black Plague | |
| 496759345 | Renaissance | 1327-1527 -focus on life instead of after life -wealth more desired than poverty -rejuvenation of Classical literature -cause of Renaissance: wealth of northern Italian cities -Florence: first city of the Ren. | |
| 496759346 | Italy during Renaissance | -no political unity, divided into city states -ruling courts were centers of wealth and art | |
| 496759347 | Castiglione | -wrote the Courtier -a 'how to' book on being a courtier -emphasized the Renaissance man: a well-rounded man | |
| 496759348 | Vergerio | -composed most influential writings on education -wrote a letter on the liberal arts (Concering Character) | |
| 496759349 | Vasari | -famous for writing about artists - wrote Lives of the Artists, where he described work ethics of artists and discussed the Mona Lisa | |
| 496759350 | Valla | -Italian humanist | |
| 496759351 | Machiavelli | -wrote The Prince, a 'how to' guide on being a great ruler -wanted to unite Italy -"it is better to be feared than loved" -his idea of a perfect ruler is Cesare Borgia | |
| 496759352 | Thomas More | -wrote Utopia (means "Nowhere") -a devout Catholic -leader in the counter-reformation -did not recognize Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn: executed in the Tower of London -later canonized by a pope | |
| 496759353 | Cinquecentro | -"second renaissance" based in Rome [Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Buonarotto] | |
| 496759354 | Leonardo Da Vinci (Mona Lisa) | -Mona Lisa: "my lady" (wife of an Italian count) [sci. naturalism, individualism] |  |
| 496759355 | Leonardo Da Vinci (Last Supper) |  | |
| 496759356 | Michelangelo (David) | [sci. naturalism, individualism, classical humanism] |  |
| 496759357 | Michelangelo (Sistine Chapel Ceiling) |  | |
| 496759358 | Michelangelo (Moses) |  | |
| 496759359 | Michelangelo (The Last Judgement) |  | |
| 496759360 | Michelangelo (St. Peter's Dome) |  | |
| 496759361 | Raphael (School of Athens) | -painting split into two categories: the mathmeticians and the natural scientists [secularism, classical humanism] |  |
| 496759362 | Italian City-States | -Milan (largest population), Venice (stable gvmt), Florence (ruled by Medici fam), Papal States (owned by the Church), Kingdom of Naples (agricultural state) -always feuding with each other | |
| 496759363 | Mirandola | -wrote the Oration on the Dignity of Man, in which he offered a statement of unlimited human potential | |
| 496759364 | Brunelleschi | -friend of Donatello -architect who drew inspiration from monuments of Roman antiquity -built the dome of the Duomo -hired by Medici fam to design interior of Church of St. Lorenzo | |
| 496759365 | Ghiberti | -quattrocentro architect -designed the Baptistry doors |  |
| 496782702 | Johannes Gutenberg | -played an important role in bringing the printing process to completion -published Gutenberg's Bible, the first true book published in the West by movable type | |
| 496782703 | Erasmus of Rotterdam | -lived during the time of the Reformation (Luther) -Dutch renaissance humanist -"crowning glory of the Christian humanists" -agreed that reform was needed in the church, but did not ignore the authority of the pope -emphasized education and inner Christianity | |
| 496782704 | Van Eyck | -painted Marriage of Giovanni and Giovanna -picture of a man and woman joining hands in their bedroom, with a puppy at their feet | |
| 496782705 | Bosch (Garden of Earthly Delights) | -very, very weird painting |  |
| 496782706 | Durer | -painted Four Apostles (two panels with two Biblical apostles on each side) -painted a self-portrait | |
| 496782707 | Brueghel (Peasant Wedding) |  | |
| 496782708 | Northern Renaissance | -Northern art (located in Benelux countries:Belgium, Luxemborg, Netherlands, Flanders) -more religious themes than Italian Renaissance -less influenced by classical themes -more human themes -folk legends -symbolism | |
| 496782709 | Charles VIII (France) | -king who invaded Italian lands -son of Louis XI -married Anne of Brittany | |
| 496782710 | Savanarola of Florence | -Italian friar known for his calls for Christian renewal and prophecies of civic glories -intervened with Charles VIII when he invaded Italy -under his influence, Florence rid the Medici family of rule and established a republic (or atleast they attempted to) | |
| 496838495 | Pope Alexander VI | -known for simony and nepotism -from Spain "Spanish warrior king" -treaty of Tordesillas | |
| 496838496 | Cesare Borgia | -son of P. Alexander VI -warrior/military genius *ideal prince according to Machiavelli* | |
| 496838497 | Louis XI (France) | -"spider king" -centralizes power -defeated Charles the Bold, added Burgundy to kingdom -created a strong base for French monarchy -"most Christian king of France" title given by pope | |
| 496838498 | Louis XII (France) | -married Anne of Brittany -consistently going after land in Italy | |
| 496838499 | Ferdinand and Isabella (Spain) | -Isabella of Castille marries Ferdinand of Aragon -royal council stripped of aristocrats -created strongest army in Europe -secured (from the pope) the right to select the most important church officials in Spain -policy of strict religious uniformity -expelled all Jews from Spain -expelled Muslims from Castille | |
| 496838500 | Pope Julius II | -"warrior pope" -hot-tempered,impatient, anxious -commisioned Michelangelo to create his tomb and paint ceiling of Sistine Chapel -commisioned Raphael -loved art and spent alot of $ on it | |
| 496838501 | Francis I (France) | -continued in the struggle for Italy b/t the French and Spanish -Renaissance king: brings Renaissance to France | |
| 496838502 | Emperor Maximillian (H.R.E.) | -married Mary (the daughter of Charles the Bold of France) | |
| 496838503 | Henry VII (England) | -first Tudor king -used Parliament and Court of Star Chamber for his benefit -restored economy -distrusted nobility -married off his son, Arthur, to Catherine of Aragon:international recognition of Tudors -ended War of the Roses | |
| 496838504 | Pope Leo X | -son of Lorenzo de Medici -became pope at age 37 -deeply involved in Renaissance culture (refined taste in art, manners, social life, etc.) | |
| 496838505 | Emperor Charles V (H.R.E.) | -grandson of Maximillian -dealt with the Turks -reigned during Martin Luther's time (Reformation opponent) -inherited ALOT of land from his father, largest empire since Charlemagne -Diet of Worms | |
| 496838506 | Sforza family (Milan) | -family of dukes that led Milan, the largest populated city state | |
| 496838507 | New Monarchs | -Henry VII of England, Louis XI of France, Isabella & Ferdinand of Spain | |
| 496838508 | War of the Roses | -Lancaster vs. Yorks -Henry VII (a Lancaster) marries Elizabeth (a York), unites houses to form Tudor House | |
| 496883716 | Motives for Exploration | -silver/gold, catholic missionaries, better opportunities in the New World, government encouragement, curiosity, spices | |
| 496883717 | Henry the Navigator | -Portuguese prince -starts school of navigation | |
| 496883718 | Antwerp | -replaced the Netherlands and became new center of banking | |
| 496883719 | Bartholemew Diaz, Vasco da Gama | -both wanted to find a route to India around Southern tip of Africa -Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope and reached Calicut, India (filled his ship with spices) -Diaz rounded the Cape of Good Hope too, but then feared a mutiny from his crew and returned home | |
| 496883720 | Christopher Columbus | "In fourteen hundred, ninety-two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue." :) -wanted to find a route to the Asian mainland by sailing West and convert the natives to Christians -reached the New World, thought he reached Asia -explored Carribean Islands and Central America in his 4 voyages | |
| 496883721 | Amerigo Vespucci | -wanted to find navigation for voyages to the Indies -wrote several letters describing geography of New World -his letters led to the name "America" | |
| 496883722 | Ferdinand Magellan | -commisioned to search for spices and make a profit for Spanish king -passed through Magellan Strait, sailed across the Pacific, and reached the Phillipines -first known circumnavigation of the earth -killed by natives | |
| 496883723 | Hernando Cortez | -sailed to the New World -made alliances with Native city states -considered by the Aztecs to be a god, he earned their favor and then he turned on them and took their king hostage -spread small pox to natives -conquered Aztec empire then destroyed their temples, pyramids, and palaces | |
| 496883724 | Francisco Pizzaro | -landed on Western coast of South America w/ 80 men, steel weapons, gun powder, and horses -brought small pox to Inca Native population, including their emperor -captures Incan capital and established new Spanish capital at Lima | |
| 496883725 | Conquistador | -warrior/explorer who goes to other countries and forces natives under his rule | |
| 496883726 | Encomienda | -feudalism and manorialism in the New World | |
| 496883727 | Slavery | -increase of slave trading due to exploration | |
| 496883728 | Inflation/Bullion | -Spain's expansionism created inflation -gold/silver (bullion) availability went down, had to dillute them with lesser metals | |
| 496883729 | Mercantillism | -economic policy built on trade, focusing on a strong state | |
| 496883730 | Commercial/Price Revolution | -rise in prices due to exploration -ports begin heavily trading large amounts of gold/silver -ships over-packed with gold and silver | |
| 496883731 | Treaty of Tordesillas | -Pope Alexander VI creates line of Demarcation (seperates Portugual and Spain) |
Word List 1-8 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 860246417 | abate | to lessen; to slow down | |
| 860246418 | admonish | to warn about; to scold | |
| 860246419 | amateur | not professional; untrained | |
| 860246420 | astound | to surprise a lot | |
| 860246421 | bellow | to shout loudly | |
| 860246422 | bicker | to argue | |
| 860246423 | blizzard | a very bad snow storm | |
| 860246424 | brittle | easily broken | |
| 860246425 | cataclysm | a large flood; a terrible event | |
| 860246426 | cluttered | confused; disorganized | |
| 860246427 | confine | to limit to a small space | |
| 860246428 | conventional | usual; ordinary | |
| 860246429 | cryptic | secret; hidden | |
| 860246430 | demolish | to tear down completely | |
| 860246431 | deviate | to depart from, to differ | |
| 860246432 | discern | to recognize, to understand | |
| 860246433 | eloquence | graceful language | |
| 860246434 | enhance | make greater or better | |
| 860246435 | exacting | detailed, no room for error | |
| 860246436 | exultant | very happy, full of joy | |
| 860246437 | flicker | to shine unsteadily | |
| 860246438 | fraction | a apart of a whole | |
| 860246439 | garrison | a fortified place where soldiers live | |
| 860246440 | glow | shine | |
| 860246441 | goal | an aim, an objective | |
| 860246442 | hint | a clue, a suggestion | |
| 860246443 | induce | to lead or move by influence | |
| 860246444 | loafer | a lazy person who will not work | |
| 860246445 | meddle | to interfere, go in uninvited | |
| 860246446 | morsel | a small amount of food | |
| 860246447 | numb | without any feeling | |
| 860246448 | predict | to tell what will happen in the future | |
| 860246449 | quell | to make quiet | |
| 860247944 | abet | to help | |
| 860247945 | abruptly | suddenly, unexpectedly | |
| 860247946 | accumulate | pile up or collect | |
| 860247947 | adroit | clever, skillful | |
| 860247948 | ailment | a sickness | |
| 860247949 | baffle | to confuse | |
| 860247950 | barricade | something to stop a thing or person | |
| 860247951 | bewilder | to confuse | |
| 860247952 | blame | find fault with; censure; rebuke; reproach | |
| 860247953 | blunder | an error or mistake | |
| 860247954 | captive | a prisoner; someone who is not permitted to leave | |
| 860247955 | chaos | no organization; a mess | |
| 860247956 | chore | a task or job | |
| 860247957 | cogent | convincing | |
| 860247958 | compulsory | required | |
| 860247959 | confiscate | to seize by authority | |
| 860247960 | crave | to desire a lot | |
| 860247961 | decency | modest behavior | |
| 860247962 | deprecate | express disapproval | |
| 860247963 | diligent | busy, hard at work | |
| 860247964 | disband | discontinue, to stop | |
| 860247965 | elusive | escape without notice | |
| 860247966 | escort | go with | |
| 860247967 | famine | without food for a long time | |
| 860247968 | furtive | secret, sneaky | |
| 860247969 | grope | search blindly | |
| 860247970 | hazy | not clear or vague | |
| 860247971 | incessant | without interruption, non stopping | |
| 860247972 | laud | to praise | |
| 860247973 | menace | to threten | |
| 860247974 | oration | a formal speech | |
| 860247975 | prop | a support | |
| 860247976 | traverse | move along | |
| 860249951 | absorb | to be interested in | |
| 860249952 | acrid | sharp and bitter | |
| 860249953 | ban | say something may not be done | |
| 860249954 | blandishment | coaxing, persuasion by flattery | |
| 860249955 | bump | a light blow | |
| 860249956 | castigate | to scold | |
| 860249957 | commence | to start | |
| 860249958 | congestion | being in crowd | |
| 860249959 | deformed | be wrong in shape | |
| 860249960 | emphasis | special attention | |
| 860249961 | evolve | develop gradually | |
| 860249962 | fret | worry | |
| 860249963 | greedy | not to share, want too much | |
| 860249964 | impromptu | on the moment | |
| 860249965 | indiciments | an accusation | |
| 860249966 | intrude | to be in the way | |
| 860249967 | lustrous | bright, shining | |
| 860249968 | ordeal | a difficult, or painful experience | |
| 860249969 | philegmatic | slow, sluggish | |
| 860249970 | precaution | action taken to avoid future trouble | |
| 860249971 | prevail | to cont. in use or to succeed | |
| 860249972 | prudent | careful, wise | |
| 860249973 | reliable | able to trust | |
| 860249974 | role | a part in a play | |
| 860249975 | routine | the usual way of doing things | |
| 860249976 | sentry | a guard | |
| 860249977 | shatter | to break | |
| 860249978 | shutter | a cover attached to the window | |
| 860249979 | strive | make a big effort | |
| 860249980 | tamper | harm in a bad way | |
| 860249981 | tepid | a little warm | |
| 860249982 | tilted | not straight | |
| 860249983 | troupe | a group of singers and actors | |
| 860249984 | uncouth | rude | |
| 860250085 | abundant | a lot of, ample, in plentiful supply | |
| 860250086 | agitate | to disturb, or give trouble | |
| 860250087 | behaviour | conduct, actions, manner, deportment | |
| 860250088 | brutal | cruel, savage | |
| 860250089 | complex | difficult, intricate, tangled, involved | |
| 860250090 | conscientious | careful, scupulous, honest | |
| 860250091 | crumb | a small piece of something | |
| 860250092 | dent | push in by hitting, small area that's pushed in | |
| 860250093 | dusk | evening, before dark | |
| 860250094 | endeavor | try hard, to make an earnest attempt | |
| 860250095 | feeble | no strength | |
| 860250096 | forbearance | self restraint | |
| 860250097 | gloassary | definitions of words at the end of a book | |
| 860250098 | haphazard | no regular method | |
| 860250099 | hoax | a trick to decieve | |
| 860250100 | incisive | crisp, clear | |
| 860250101 | interval | rest between events | |
| 860250102 | lament | express sadness | |
| 860250103 | mare | female horse | |
| 860250104 | obstruct | get in the way | |
| 860250105 | ominous | threatening | |
| 860250106 | pessimist | someone who sees the dark side | |
| 860250107 | prelude | a beginning event that leads to a more important event | |
| 860250108 | rancor | extreme hatred | |
| 860250109 | resemble | to look like | |
| 860250110 | rusty | metal turning red from being oxidized | |
| 860250111 | shrewd | clever | |
| 860250112 | sneak | move quietly, secretly | |
| 860250113 | suerpsede | replace | |
| 860250114 | unanimous | characterized by complete assent or agreement. complete harmony/accord | |
| 860250115 | vehemence | forcefulness, intensity, fervidness | |
| 860250116 | wrinkle | a crease | |
| 860250117 | zealot | an eager person, fanatic, extremist, enthusiast | |
| 868215008 | aggravate | to make worse, irritate, provoke, vex | |
| 868215009 | audacious | bold and daring | |
| 868215010 | bully | to intimidate with superior size/strenth | |
| 868215011 | confide | give a secret to | |
| 868215012 | congenial | sympathetic, of a pleasant disposition, friendly | |
| 868215013 | depict | to rep in pictures/words/sculptures | |
| 868215014 | elucidate | make clear/understandable, clarify | |
| 868215015 | equitably | fairly, justly | |
| 868215016 | exasperate | make angry/impatient | |
| 868215017 | flimsy | no stiffness or strength | |
| 868215018 | frigid | extremely cold, stuff and formal in manner | |
| 868215019 | grudge | resentment or rancor | |
| 868215020 | homage | respect/honor | |
| 868215021 | inert | not active, no will to move, sluggish | |
| 868215022 | invariable | always the same, constant | |
| 868215023 | lullaby | soothing song to put babies to sleep | |
| 868215024 | monstrous | abnormal, enormous, hideous | |
| 868215025 | orchard | are of land devoted to the cultivation of fruit/nut trees | |
| 868215026 | permissable | allowed | |
| 868215027 | precept | a rule or principle imposing a particular standard of action or conduct | |
| 868215028 | remnant | something that is left over | |
| 868215029 | rivalry | a contest, the act of competing | |
| 868215030 | seize | grab by force | |
| 868215031 | smolder | to burn with little smoke/no flame | |
| 868215032 | straddle | to sit with one leg on either side | |
| 868215033 | tentative | uncertain, probable | |
| 868215034 | thump | dull sound made when something heavy drops | |
| 868215035 | tumble | a fall in a rolling manner | |
| 868215036 | verify | to make sure something is true | |
| 868215037 | warrant | a written auth. | |
| 868215038 | wither | lose freshness | |
| 868215039 | fall for | to be fooled | |
| 868215040 | lay aside | to save | |
| 868215041 | ailment | a physical/mental disorder, an illness | |
| 868215042 | anguish | great sorrow/pain | |
| 868215043 | augment | to increase, as in size, extent or quantity | |
| 868215044 | bald | without hair | |
| 868215045 | blend | a mixture | |
| 868215046 | chaste | pure/decent/celibate | |
| 868215047 | colleague | co-worker | |
| 868215048 | conjecture | guess, surmise, speculate, presume, infer | |
| 868215049 | crutch | a support used for walking | |
| 868215050 | deliberately | on purpose, in a planned way | |
| 868215051 | disseminate | to spread/distribute | |
| 868215052 | entice | to attract by arousing hope/desire, lure | |
| 868215053 | exorbitant | extravagant, too much | |
| 868215054 | ferry | a boat | |
| 868215055 | futile | without hope, useless | |
| 868215056 | grievance | a complaint, indignation | |
| 868215057 | incredible | unbelievable, astonishing | |
| 868215058 | loot | stolen good, goods | |
| 868215059 | margin | the blank space around a page | |
| 868215060 | mutual | shared relationship for both | |
| 868215061 | obstinate | stubborn, obdurate | |
| 868215062 | petition | a formal request | |
| 868215063 | rehearse | to practice | |
| 868215064 | prevalent | widespread, all over | |
| 868215065 | renowned | famous | |
| 868215066 | rotate | to circle, to turn/spin on an axis | |
| 868215067 | scrutiny | careful watch, close examination | |
| 868215068 | skeptical | not easily convinced | |
| 868215069 | terminate | to end, to stop, halt | |
| 868215070 | tributary | a river that flows into a larger one | |
| 868215071 | variation | a different for of something | |
| 868215072 | vulnerable | weak, susceptible to physical injury/attack | |
| 868215073 | take pride in | to be satisfied with | |
| 868215235 | accommodation | a room and meals | |
| 868215236 | albino | a person or animal with pale skin, hair, eyes | |
| 868215237 | alluring | tempting | |
| 868215238 | appropriate | suitable, right, fitting; to possession of or make use of exclusively for oneself, often without permission | |
| 868215239 | blush | to turn red in the face especially for modesty, embarrassment, flush | |
| 868215240 | carve | to slice meat or to cut designs in wood | |
| 868215241 | clemency | kindness, mercy | |
| 868215242 | constant | persistent, unchanging in nature value, or extent; invariable, faithful | |
| 868215243 | dangle | to hang loosely, to swing | |
| 868215244 | designate | to name or to specify, to appoint, characterize | |
| 868215245 | drowsy | sleepy | |
| 868215246 | enervate | to weaken, enfeeble, deprive of strength, deviatalized | |
| 868215247 | exploit | unethically use for selfish advantage or profit; a heroic act or deed | |
| 868215248 | flatter | to praise too much, compliment excessively and often insincerely; to please or gratify the vanity of | |
| 868215249 | gem | a precious polished stone; a beloved or highly prized person | |
| 868215250 | hamlet | a small village | |
| 868215251 | hypothesis | a theory or a guess | |
| 868215252 | ingredient | parts of a mixture | |
| 868215253 | malign | to slender, to speak evil of; evil in nature, in influence, baleful | |
| 868215254 | nasty | disgustingly dirty, filthy | |
| 868215255 | overall | general, comprehensive | |
| 868215256 | pinch | press between fingers or press between objects | |
| 868215257 | probe | a thorough exam; to examine or investigate, delve into, search | |
| 868215258 | ratify | approve and so make valid, to give formal sanction to | |
| 868215259 | resolute | firm and determined | |
| 868215260 | scant | little, meager, deficient in quantity, inadequately supplied | |
| 868215261 | sever | to cut into two parts | |
| 868215262 | species | a class of individuals or objects grouped by virtue of their common attributes and assigned a common name | |
| 868215263 | substitute | use something in the place of another, replace | |
| 868215264 | tolerant | accepting others | |
| 868215265 | wayward | stubborn or disobedient, willful | |
| 868215266 | get away from | escape | |
| 868215267 | put off | to postpone | |
| 868215268 | abhor | hate, loathe, abominate; shun, reject vehemently | |
| 868215269 | aglow | shining brightly and steadily | |
| 868215270 | anomalous | unusual, deviating from the normal or common order, deviant | |
| 868215271 | avarice | greed, an extreme desire for wealth; cupidity | |
| 868215272 | bleak | exposed to the elements of unsheltered and barren; gloomy and somber, dreary | |
| 868215273 | cabal | a conspiratorial group of plotters or intriguers; a secret scheme or plot | |
| 868215274 | clamorous | noisy, full of, or characterized by clamor | |
| 868215275 | congeal | solidify, as by freezing, to coagulate, jell | |
| 868215276 | culpable | blameworthy, responsible for error or wrong | |
| 868215277 | deprive | dispossess, take something away from | |
| 868215278 | dingy | dirty, shabby | |
| 868215279 | emulate | strive to equal or excel | |
| 868215280 | fascinate | to attract powerfully | |
| 868215281 | garrulous | talkative | |
| 868215282 | glow | to shine | |
| 868215283 | holocaust | wild spread destruction, usually by fire | |
| 868215284 | incidental | of lesser importance | |
| 868215285 | intricate | complicated | |
| 868215286 | keen | eager | |
| 868215287 | litter | to throw away carelessly, garbage laying around | |
| 868215288 | modify | to change something a little | |
| 868215289 | obsequious | obedient, servile | |
| 868215290 | palatable | good tasting | |
| 868215291 | persuade | to convince | |
| 868215292 | placate | to try to please | |
| 868215293 | prolific | productive | |
| 868215294 | random | chance | |
| 868215295 | reside | live at | |
| 868215296 | shawl | covering for woman's head and shoulder | |
| 868215297 | surmise | to guess | |
| 868215298 | thicken | to make more dense | |
| 868215299 | undercut | to sell at a lesser price than the next person | |
| 868215300 | vibrate | to move back and forth quickly | |
| 868215301 | jack up | to raise | |
| 868215302 | turn out | to make |
Word List 1 Flashcards
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| 857637766 | abate | to lessen; to slow down | |
| 857637767 | admonish | to warn about; to scold | |
| 857637768 | amateur | not professional; untrained | |
| 857637769 | astound | to surprise a lot | |
| 857637770 | bellow | to shout loudly | |
| 857637771 | bicker | to argue | |
| 857637772 | blizzard | a very bad snow storm | |
| 857637773 | brittle | easily broken | |
| 857637774 | cataclysm | a large flood; a terrible event | |
| 857637775 | cluttered | confused; disorganized | |
| 857637776 | confine | to limit to a small space | |
| 857637777 | conventional | usual; ordinary | |
| 857637778 | cryptic | secret; hidden | |
| 857637779 | demolish | to tear down completely | |
| 857637780 | deviate | to depart from, to differ | |
| 857637781 | discern | to recognize, to understand | |
| 857637782 | eloquence | graceful language | |
| 857637783 | enhance | make greater or better | |
| 857637784 | exacting | detailed, no room for error | |
| 857637785 | exultant | very happy, full of joy | |
| 857637786 | flicker | to shine unsteadily | |
| 857637787 | fraction | a apart of a whole | |
| 857637788 | garrison | a fortified place where soldiers live | |
| 857637789 | glow | shine | |
| 857637790 | goal | an aim, an objective | |
| 857637791 | hint | a clue, a suggestion | |
| 857637792 | induce | to lead or move by influence | |
| 857637793 | loafer | a lazy person who will not work | |
| 857637794 | meddle | to interfere, go in uninvited | |
| 857637795 | morsel | a small amount of food | |
| 857637796 | numb | without any feeling | |
| 857637797 | predict | to tell what will happen in the future | |
| 857637798 | quell | to make quiet |
Barrons GRE Wordlist 4,759 words Flashcards
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The Earth and its Peoples: Chapter 4 Flashcards
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| 477065772 | Cyrus | Founder of the Achaemendid Persian Empire | |
| 477065773 | Darius I | Third ruler of the Persian Empire | |
| 477065774 | satrap | Governor of a Persian province | |
| 477065775 | Persepolis | Capital complex with palaces, reception halls, and treasury buildings | |
| 477065776 | Zoroastrianism | Worship of god, Ahuramazda | |
| 477065777 | polis | Urban center and rural territory it controlled | |
| 477065778 | hoplite | Heavily armored infantrymen who fought in close formation | |
| 477065779 | tyrant | Person who seized and kept power in violation of the normal political traditions of the community | |
| 477065780 | democracy | Political power of all adult males | |
| 477065781 | sacrifice | Gift given to deity | |
| 477065782 | Heredotus | Heir to the technique of historia developed by Greeks in the late Archaic period | |
| 477065783 | Perciles | Aristocratic leader who guided the Athenian state through the transformation to full participatory democracy for all male citizens, supervised construction of the Acropolis, and pursued a policy of imperial expansion that lead to the Peloponnesian War | |
| 477065784 | Persian Wars | Conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire | |
| 477065785 | trireme | Greek and Phoenician warship of the fifth and fourth centuries | |
| 477065786 | Socrates | Athenian philosopher who shifted the emphasis of philosophical investigation from questions of natural science to ethics and human behavior | |
| 477065787 | Peloponnesian war | A protracted and costly conflict between the Athenian and Spartan alliance systems that convulsed most of the Greek world | |
| 477065788 | Alexander | King of Macedonia in northern Greece | |
| 477065789 | Hellenistic Age | Historians' term for the era, usually dated 323-30 B.C.E., in which Greek culture spread across western Asia and Northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great | |
| 477065790 | Ptolemies | The Macedonian dynasty that ruled Egypt for three centuries | |
| 477065791 | Alexandria | City on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt founded by Alexander |
AP Economics, Chapter 3 Flashcards
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| 470987344 | market | an institution or mechanism that brings together buyers (demanders) and sellers (suppliers) of particular goods . all situations that link potential buys with potential sellers are this. | |
| 470987345 | demand | schedule or a curve that shows the various amounts of a product that consumers are willing and able to purchase at each of a series of possible prices during a specified period of time | |
| 470987346 | law of demand | all else equal, as price falls, the quantity demanded rises, and as price rises, the quantity demanded falls | |
| 470987347 | diminishing marginal utility | in any specific time period, each buyer of a product will derive less satisfaction from each successive unit of the product consumed. | |
| 470987348 | income effect | a lower price increases the purchasing power of a buyer's income, enabling the buyer to purchase more of the product that he or he could by before. | |
| 470987349 | substitution effect | at a lower price, buyers have the incentive to substitute what is now a less expensive product for similar products that are now relatively more expensive. | |
| 470987350 | determinants of demand | consumers' tastes, the number of consumers in the market, consumers' incomes, the prices of related goods, and consumer expectations about future prices and incomes | |
| 470987351 | normal goods | products whose demand varies directly with money income; superior goods | |
| 470987352 | inferior goods | goods whose demand varies inversely with money income | |
| 470987353 | substitute goods | one that can be used in place of another good; the price of one and the demand for the other move in the same direction | |
| 470987354 | complementary goods | one that is used together with another good. ie: peanut butter and jelly; when two products are complements; the price of one good and the demand for the good movie in opposite directions | |
| 470987355 | change in demand | a shift of the demand curve to the right or to the left | |
| 470987356 | change in quantity demanded | movement from one point to another- from one price-quantity combination to another-on a fixed demand schedule or demand curve | |
| 470987357 | supply | schedule or curve showing the amounts of a product that producers are willing and able to make available for sale at each of a series of possible prices during a specific period | |
| 470987358 | law of supply | as price rises, the quantity supplied rises; as price falls, the quantity supplied falls | |
| 470987359 | determinants of supply | resource prices, technology, taxes and subsidies, prices of other goods, price expectations, the number of sellers in the market | |
| 470987360 | change in supply | an increase in supply shifts the curve to the right; a decrease in supply shifts it to the left. the cause of a change in supply is a change in one more of the determinants of supply | |
| 470987361 | change in quantity supplied | movement from one point to another on a fixed supply curve | |
| 470987362 | surplus | excess supply | |
| 470987363 | shortage | excess demand | |
| 470987364 | equilibrium price | market-clearing; no shortage or surplus | |
| 470987365 | rationing function of prices | the ability of the competitive forces of supply and demand to establish a price at which selling and buying decisions | |
| 470987366 | demand | a schedule that shows the various amounts of a product consumers are willing and able to purchase at each price in a series of possible prices during a specified period of time | |
| 470987367 | diminishing marginal utility | the reason for the law of demand can best be explained in terms of.. | |
| 470987368 | a decrease in the number of buyers | which change will decrease the demand for a product? | |
| 470987369 | increase the demand for the other | if two goods are substitutes for each other, an increase in the price of one will necessarily | |
| 470987370 | quantity supplied increases | the law of supply states that, other things being constant, as price increases... |
STUDY: AP World History Practice 1 Flashcards
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SAT MATH Sequence Formulas Flashcards
SAT Math Sequence formulas for sequence Questions
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| 800359374 | arithmetic sequence | An= A1 +(n-1)d | |
| 800359375 | sum arithmetic sequence | Sn= n(A1 + An) ____________ 2 | |
| 800359376 | geometric sequence | An= A1 x r ^ n-1 | |
| 800359377 | sum geometric sequence | Sn= A1 ( 1- r ^n) ____________ r-1 |
US HISTORY, UNIT 1 Flashcards
US HISTORY UNIT 1 STUDY CARDS
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| 849449270 | Proprietary colony | colony owned and governed by an individual who could govern it as he wanted | |
| 849449271 | Bacon's Rebellion | A rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon with backcountry farmers to attack Native Americans in an attempt to gain more land | |
| 849449272 | Committees of correspondence | Organization founded by Samuel Adams consisting of a system of communication between patriot leaders in New England and throughout the colonies | |
| 849456762 | Intolerable Acts | In response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses | |
| 849456763 | Townshend Acts | A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea | |
| 849456764 | Treaty of Paris of 1783 | Treaty Between England and the Colonies, formally ended the American Revolutionary War | |
| 849456765 | Northwest Ordinance | A 1787 law that set up a government for the Northwest Territory | |
| 849456766 | Shay's Rebellion | Led by Daniel Shay, was a protest against the land being taken away and the taxes that they had just worked so hard to get rid of | |
| 849456767 | Great Compromise | Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house | |
| 849456768 | Enumerated vs. implied powers | Enumerated powers are powers specifically mentioned in the constitution, Implied powers are powers that are not specifically mentioned in the constitution, but are necessary for a successful government, such as the national bank | |
| 849456769 | Necessary & Proper clause | Constitutional clause that gives congress the power to make all laws "necessary and proper" for executing its powers | |
| 849456770 | John Adams | America's first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts, and wrote the Massachusetts guarantee that freedom of press "ought not to be restrained | |
| 849456771 | Alien and Sedition Acts | Laws passed by congress in 1798 that enabled the government to imprison or deport aliens and to prosecute critics of the government | |
| 849456772 | Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional. | |
| 849456773 | Election of 1800 | Jefferson and Burr each received 73 votes in the Electoral College, so the House of Representatives had to decide the outcome. The House chose Jefferson as President and Burr as Vice President. | |
| 849456774 | Judicial Review | The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national governments unconstitutional | |
| 849456775 | Marbury vs. Madison | Case in which the supreme court first asserted th power of Judicial review in finding that the congressional statue expanding the Court's original jurisdiction was unconstitutional | |
| 849456776 | Eli Whitney | United States inventor of the mechanical cotton gin (1765-1825) | |
| 849456777 | Sectionalism | Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole | |
| 849456778 | Spoils system | Rewarding people with government jobs on the basis of their political support | |
| 849501816 | Nullification Crisis | Southerners favored freedom of trade and believed in the authority of states over the federal government. Southerners declared federal protective tariffs null and void | |
| 849501817 | John C. Calhoun | South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification | |
| 849501818 | Temperance movement | Reform movement begun in the 1800's that fought to ban alcohol in the U.S | |
| 849501819 | William Lloyd Garrison | United States abolitionist who published an anti-slavery journal (1805-1879) | |
| 849501820 | Frederick Douglass | Self-educated slave who escaped in 1838, Douglass became the best-known abolitionist speaker. He edited an anti-slavery weekly, the North Star. | |
| 849501821 | Manifest Destiny | The belief that the U.S. should extend all the way to the Pacific Ocean because it was God's will | |
| 849501822 | Wilmot Proviso | Bill that would ban slavery in the territories acquired after the War with Mexico (1846) | |
| 849501823 | Harriet Tubman | United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (1820-1913) | |
| 849501824 | Transcontinental railroad | Completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah, it linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the west | |
| 849501825 | Kansas-Nebraska Act | 1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty | |
| 849501826 | Popular sovereignty | The concept that political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and abolish government. People express themselves through voting and free participation in government | |
| 849501827 | Dred Scott v. Sandford | 1857 Supreme Court decision that stated that slaves were not citizens; that livig in a free state or territory, even for many years, did not free slaves; and declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitional | |
| 849501828 | Harper's Ferry Raid | John Brown seized the US arsenal at Harper's Ferry. He planned to end slavery by massacring slave owners and freeing their slaves. He was captured and executed | |
| 849501829 | 1860 Election | Whig party collapsed and the Republicans under Lincoln came to power, Republican Party we know today | |
| 849501830 | Secession | The withdrawal of eleven Southern states from the Union in 1860 which precipitated the American Civil War | |
| 849501831 | Crittenden's Compromise | Compromise that would gaurantee slavery where it already existed and would reinstate the Missouri Compromise line extending it to California. It did not pass | |
| 849546267 | Jefferson Davis | an American statesman and politician who served as President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history from 1861 to 1865 | |
| 849546268 | Fort Sumter | Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War | |
| 849546269 | Martial law | The body of law imposed by the military over civilian affairs (usually in time of war or civil crisis) | |
| 849568248 | Robert E. Lee | Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force | |
| 849568249 | Greenbacks | Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war | |
| 849568250 | Antietam | The first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with about 23,000 casualties | |
| 849568251 | Battle of Vicksburg | 1863, Union gains control of Mississippi, confederacy split in two, Grant takes lead of Union armies, total war begins | |
| 849568252 | 13th Amendment | This amendment freed all slaves without compensation to the slaveowners. It legally forbade slavery in the United States. | |
| 849568253 | Appomattox Courthouse | The Virginia town where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in 1865, ending the Civil War | |
| 849568254 | Wade-Davis Bill | Name for Congress' plan for Reconstruction; more harsh than President's | |
| 849568255 | Freedmen's Bureau | 1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs | |
| 849568256 | 14th Amendment | Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws | |
| 849568257 | Johnson's Impeachment | Used Tenure of Office Act to ban Johnson from firing Secretary of War -impeached, found not guilty by 1 vote | |
| 849568258 | 15th Amendment | Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude | |
| 849568259 | Compromise of 1877 | Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river | |
| 849568260 | Homestead Act | 1862 - provided free land in the west as long as the person would settle there and make improvements in five years | |
| 849568261 | Dawes Act | An act that removed Indian land from tribal possesion, redivided it, and distributed it among individual Indian families. Designed to break tribal mentalities and promote individualism | |
| 849568262 | Laissez-Faire | Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs | |
| 849568263 | Alexander Graham Bell | United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | |
| 849568264 | Robber Barons | People who'd built fortunes by swindling investors and taxpayers, and bribing officials | |
| 849568265 | Pacific Railway Act | 1862 legislation to encourage the construction of a transcontinental railroad, connecting the West to industries in the Northeast (Union Pacific and Central Pacific RR) | |
| 849568266 | Vertical integration | Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution | |
| 849568267 | Horizontal integration | Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition | |
| 849568268 | Marxism | A branch of socialism that emphasizes exploitation and class struggle and includes both communism and other approaches | |
| 849568269 | American Federation of Labor | A federation of North American labor unions that merged with the Congress of Industrial Organizations in 1955 | |
| 849568270 | Chinese Exclusion Act | (1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate | |
| 849568271 | Social Gospel Movement | A movement emphasizing the application of Christian principles to social problems | |
| 849568272 | Dwight Moody | Made the Moody Bible Institute. Helped generations of urban evangelists to adapt traditional Christianity into city life | |
| 849568273 | Pendleton Act | 1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons | |
| 849568274 | Election of 1884 | Republican candidate- Senator James G. Blaine. "Mugwumps" announced that they would bolt the party and support an honest Democrat. Democrat candidate- Grover Cleveland. Cleveland won | |
| 849568275 | Interstate Commerce Act | Established the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) - monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods and people between states - created to regulate railroad prices | |
| 849568276 | Sherman Anti-Trust Act | First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions | |
| 849568277 | Populism | The political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite | |
| 849568278 | Grange | An association formed by farmers in the last 1800s to make life better for farmers by sharing information about crops, prices, and supplies | |
| 849568279 | Farmer's Alliance | A Farmers' organization founded in late 1870s; worked for lower railroad freight rates, lower interest rates, and a change in the governments tight money policy | |
| 849568280 | Election of 1896 | Republican William McKinley defeat Democrat William Jennings Bryan in a campaign considered by historians to be one of the most dramatic in American history | |
| 849568281 | William Jennings Bryan | United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school | |
| 849568282 | Plessy v. Ferguson | A 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal |
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