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The Earth and its Peoples: Chapter 4 Flashcards

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477065772CyrusFounder of the Achaemendid Persian Empire
477065773Darius IThird ruler of the Persian Empire
477065774satrapGovernor of a Persian province
477065775PersepolisCapital complex with palaces, reception halls, and treasury buildings
477065776ZoroastrianismWorship of god, Ahuramazda
477065777polisUrban center and rural territory it controlled
477065778hopliteHeavily armored infantrymen who fought in close formation
477065779tyrantPerson who seized and kept power in violation of the normal political traditions of the community
477065780democracyPolitical power of all adult males
477065781sacrificeGift given to deity
477065782HeredotusHeir to the technique of historia developed by Greeks in the late Archaic period
477065783PercilesAristocratic leader who guided the Athenian state through the transformation to full participatory democracy for all male citizens, supervised construction of the Acropolis, and pursued a policy of imperial expansion that lead to the Peloponnesian War
477065784Persian WarsConflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire
477065785triremeGreek and Phoenician warship of the fifth and fourth centuries
477065786SocratesAthenian philosopher who shifted the emphasis of philosophical investigation from questions of natural science to ethics and human behavior
477065787Peloponnesian warA protracted and costly conflict between the Athenian and Spartan alliance systems that convulsed most of the Greek world
477065788AlexanderKing of Macedonia in northern Greece
477065789Hellenistic AgeHistorians' term for the era, usually dated 323-30 B.C.E., in which Greek culture spread across western Asia and Northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great
477065790PtolemiesThe Macedonian dynasty that ruled Egypt for three centuries
477065791AlexandriaCity on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt founded by Alexander
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