AP Art History
Baroque Art * Outline
BAROQUE: The term Baroque seems to have begun during the eighteenth century from a Portugeseword barroco meaning "irregular pearl". After the perfectionism of the Renaissance, the style of the Baroque did appear to be something out of the ordinary.
STYLISTIC FEATURES
- Emotionalism
- Naturalism
- Classicism
- Tenebrism
Italian Baroque
ARCHITECTURE-The major architectural projects of the Italian Baroque were due to the patronage of the Catholic Church and wealthy nobles.
- Vatican, Rome-Saint Peter's Basilica, 1607-15
- Vatican, Rome-Saint Peter's Square, c1656-57
SCULPTURE-The most noted of Italian Baroque sculptors was Gianlorenzo Bernini.
- Saint Teresa of Avila in Ecstasy, Cornaro Chapel, 1645-52
PAINTING-One of the most powerful of the Italian Baroque painters was Michelangelo Merisi, better known as Caravaggio.
- Caravaggio, Calling of Saint Matthew, oil on canvas, c1599-1602
- Caravaggio, Entombment, oil on canvas, c1603
- Artemisia Gentileschi, La Pittura, oil on canvas, 1630
French Baroque
The art of the French Baroque period corresponds with the reign of the legendary "Sun King" Louis XIV.
ARCHITECTURE-The two premier example of French Baroque architecture are The Louvre and the Palace of Versailles.
- Louis Le Vau, Claude Perrault, and Charles Le Brun, Palais du Louvre, Paris, 1667-70
- Louis Le Vau and Jules Hardouin-Mansart, Palais de Versailles, Versailles, France, 1668-85
PAINTING-The style of Caravaggio was studied and copied by many French painters. Besides Caravaggiam, Baraoque classicism was also very popular
- Claude Lorrain, Landscape with Merchants, oil on canvas, c1630
- Nicolas Poussin, Landscape with Saint John, oil on canvas, 1640
- George de La Tour, The Repentant Magdalen, oil on canvas, c1640
Spanish Baroque
PAINTING-The influence of Holland and Flanders will affect not only the political and economicstablity if Spain but will greatly influence the style of Spanish Baroque painters.
- Jusepe de Ribera, Boy with Clubfoot, oil on canvas, 1642/52
- Diego Velazquez, Las Meninas, oil on canvas, 1656
Flemish Baroque
PAINTING-Flanders control by Spain will be evidenced in the religious works of Peter Paul Rubens. More domestic works were painted by Jan Bruegal and Anthony Van Dyck.
- Jusepe de Ribera, Boy with Clubfoot, oil on canvas, 1642/52
- Diego Velazquez, Las Meninas, oil on canvas, 1656
- Jusepe de Ribera, Boy with Clubfoot, oil on canvas, 1642/52
- Diego Velazquez, Las Meninas, oil on canvas, 1656
Dutch Baroque
Holland's long struggle for independence from Spain ended in 1648. As a nation Holland flourished not only economically but also artistically. The three giants of the Dutch Baroque were Rembrandt, Vermeer, and Hals.
PAINTING-Four categories of painting will emerge during the Dutch Baroque: landscape, still-life, genre and portraiture.
