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| 5144137509 | Developmental Psychology | -Study of physical, intellectual,social, and moral changes across the life span from conception to death | 0 | |
| 5144137510 | Maturation | Defined: Biological growth processes that enable development to occur Example: You can't learn to read before a certain age | 1 | |
| 5144137511 | Stages of Prenatal Development | GEF: Germinal, Embryonic, Fetal | 2 | |
| 5144137512 | Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) | -a cluster of abnormalities that occurs in babies of mothers who drink alcoholic beverages during pregnancy | 3 | |
| 5144137513 | Genotype | Genetic make-up with 23 chromosomes from mom and 23 chromosomes from dad Point to remember: Inherited genetics | 4 | |
| 5144137514 | Phenotype | Visible characteristics that are seen and stemmed from your genetics Point to Remember: Expressed Characteristics | 5 | |
| 5144137515 | Teratogen | -Harmful substance during the prenatal period that can cause birth defects -chemicals, such as alcohol,drugs,tobacco ingredients, mercury,lead,cadmium, and other poison, or infectious agents | 6 | |
| 5144137516 | Rooting Reflex | When you poke a baby's cheek and they turned toward the poke Helpful for breast feeding | 7 | |
| 5144137517 | Theory of Mind | ability to understand mental states (beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, etc.) of oneself and others and to understand that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions that are different from one's own. people with Autism struggle with this | 8 | |
| 5144137518 | Habituation | -decreasing responsiveness with repeated presentation of the same stimulus -developmental psychologists depend on gazes,sucking,and head turning to reveal abilities of infants during habituation studies | 9 | |
| 5144137519 | Schemas | Defined: a cognitive system or mental map which helps us organize and make sense of our experiences & the world. Example: You developed a schema that all homeless people are rude. Because of this you organize your actions around it and more readily look for information that supports this view while discarding information that disagrees with this perspective. | 10 | |
| 5144137520 | Assimilation | defined: reinforces the existing schema "ss"-schema stays the same Example: You think homeless people are rude and a homeless person yells at you because you didn't give them money | 11 | |
| 5144137521 | Accomodation | defined: changing your existing schema "cc"-schema changes! Example: You think homeless people are rude but when your car got a flat tire, a homeless person helped you change the flat tire | 12 | |
| 5144137522 | Jean Piaget | interested in "thought processes" and creates the first cognitive development theory using his children includes four distinct stages that the child must accomplish before moving onto the next stages in order: sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal operational | 13 | |
| 5144137523 | Sensorimotor Stage | Age: 0-2 Description: Experience the world through your senses and actions Important Concepts: Basic causality, Object permanence | 14 | |
| 5144137524 | Preoperational Stage | Age: 2-7 Description: Use their gut instincts to make decisions, often flawed logic Important Concepts: Instinctive Logic, Egocentrism, Centration | 15 | |
| 5144137525 | Concrete Operational Stage | Age: 7-12 Description: Use their past experiences to make decisions Important Concepts: Inductive Logic, Conservation, Reversibility | 16 | |
| 5144137526 | Formal Operational Stage | Age: 12+ Description: Use their past experiences to think hypothetically Important Concepts: Deductive Logic | 17 | |
| 5144137527 | Object Permanence | Defined: Understanding objects exists out of their sight |  | 18 |
| 5144137528 | Egocentrism | Defined: At roughly age 4, child only understands life from her perspective Example: |  | 19 |
| 5144137529 | Reversibility | Defined: child can view items in more than one way Example: a mom can also be a sister | 20 | |
| 5144137530 | Centration | Defined: focus on one aspect of a situation and ignore all others Example: Poem about money from "Where the sidewalk ends" | 21 | |
| 5144137531 | Conservation | Defined: Two equal quantities remain equal even though the appearance has changed |  | 22 |
| 5144137532 | Zone of Proximal Development(ZPD) | -Lev Vygotsky emphasized the environment -Range between the level at which a child can solve a problem working alone with difficulty and the level to which a child can solve a problem with the help of adults or more-skilled children | 23 | |
| 5144137533 | Criticism of Piaget | Underestimated: An infants cognitive abilities, and the impact of the social cultural environment Overestimated: amount of people who reach formal operations | 24 | |
| 5144137534 | Contact Comfort | -Harry Harlow -his wire verses cloth monkey experiments showed that touch is just as if not more important than food for building attachment |  | 25 |
| 5144137535 | Imprinting | Defined: The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life Very common in birds but does not exist in humans |  | 26 |
| 5144137536 | Insecure Attachment | Child does not learn to use the parent as a secure base because they don't trust their parents to meet their needs | 27 | |
| 5144137537 | Secure Attachment | Child learns to use the parent as a secure base because they trust the parents will meet their needs | 28 | |
| 5144137538 | Strange Situation Experiment | Psychologist: Ainsworth Studied and developed the different types of attachment by studying how children relate to their mother in a playroom where she is present, leaves, and then returns | 29 | |
| 5144137539 | Temperament | -Kagan's types: easy, difficult, slow to warm up Classified by activity level, mood, sleeping/ eating patterns, and attention span | 30 | |
| 5144137540 | temperament | An inborn predisposition to behave in a certain way Personality development: temperament (Nature), attachment (nurture) | 31 | |
| 5144137541 | Self-Concept | Our understanding and evaluation of who we are goal is to have a positive one with confidence, optimism, assertiveness, etc. | 32 | |
| 5144137542 | Parenting Styles | Diana Baumrind: Studied a sample with 100 pre-school children in California-almost all white Parents differed on 4 dimensions & found 3 types | 33 | |
| 5144137543 | Permissive | Expressions of warmth: Parents are highly affectionate Strategies of Discipline: Rare Communication: child talks not the parent Expectations of maturity: few demands Effects on child: aggressive & immature | 34 | |
| 5144137544 | Authoritarian | Expressions of warmth: Parents are cold and critical Strategies of Discipline: Strict, often physical Communication: parent talks not the child Expectations of maturity: clear rules and high expectations for maturity Effects: low self-esteem, low self-reliance, and low social competence | 35 | |
| 5144137545 | Authoritative | Expressions of warmth: parents are Highly affectionate Strategies of Discipline: Set limits and enforce rules but allow for child's input Communication: both parent and child talks Expectations of maturity: Demand maturity but allow forgiving of failure Effects: high self-esteem, high self-reliance, and high social competence | 36 | |
| 5144137546 | Gender Roles | Defined: Cultural Expectations about the way men and women should behave | 37 | |
| 5144137547 | Gender Schemas | Sandra Bem Defined: A theory of gender development that combines social learning and cognitive learning theory | 38 | |
| 5144137548 | Social Learning Theory | Learn our gender by Reinforcement, modeling, and punishment | 39 | |
| 5144137549 | Primary verse secondary sex characteristics | Development of the uterus and testes VERSES Other signs (hair, body parts, voice, etc.) that signal sexual maturity | 40 | |
| 5144137550 | Sexual Maturation | When boys hit this early they are often more popular with their peers whereas girls have a higher risk for mental and other health problems | 41 | |
| 5144137551 | Puberty | -early adolescent period marked by accelerated growth and the onset of the ability to reproduce -menarche: first menstrual period at about age 12.5 marks female fertility -Ejaculation of semen with viable sperm at about age 14 marks male fertility | 42 | |
| 5144137552 | Rite of Passage | Defined: ritual event that marks a person's transition from one status to another. Example: Hazing and graduating from high school signals adulthood | 43 | |
| 5144137553 | Parental v Peer | _________ influences on children and teens include politics, College and Career Choice, Big Decisions whereas; ________ influences on children include clothing, music and less important decisions | 44 | |
| 5144137554 | Lawrence Kohlberg | Studied and developed a model for moral dilemma Used the hypothetical "Heinz dilemma" to develop three levels including pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional | 45 | |
| 5144137555 | Pre-conventional Level | Decisions are based on "what's best for you" (avoid punishment & gain rewards) | 46 | |
| 5144137556 | Conventional Level | Decisions are based on "what's best for the group and you receiving the group's social approval" | 47 | |
| 5144137557 | Post-conventional Level | Decisions are based on "what's best for another every single individual based on their individual specific circumstance" | 48 | |
| 5144137558 | Carol Gilligan | Disagreed with Kohlberg because women scored lower in moral development The reasoning is that women base their morals on "caring" and not following the rules | 49 | |
| 5144137559 | Erik Erikson | -Examined social development -Identified eight stages during which we face an important issue or crisis | 50 | |
| 5144137560 | Trust v Mistrust | Stage 1: Infants learn to rely on parent/caregiver OR you don't learn to rely on parent/caregiver | 51 | |
| 5144137561 | Autonomy v Shame & Doubt | Stage 2: Toddlers learn to explore environment OR dependent on caregiver | 52 | |
| 5144137562 | Initiative v Guilt | Stage 3: Middle Childhood learn to make simple decisions OR dependent on caregiver | 53 | |
| 5144137563 | Industry v Inferiority | Stage 4: Late Childhood feel confident to achieve more OR discouraged and don't try to achieve more | 54 | |
| 5144137564 | Identify v Role Confusion | Stage 5: Adolescence Know who you are OR try to do what others expect of you | 55 | |
| 5144137565 | Intimacy v Isolation | Stage 6: Young Adulthood Find a mate OR live alone | 56 | |
| 5144137566 | Generativity v Stagnation | Stage 7: Middle Adulthood Give/Help others OR focus solely on yourself | 57 | |
| 5144137567 | Ego Integrity v Despair | Stage 8: Late Adulthood Happy with your life OR hate your life | 58 | |
| 5144137568 | Menopause | cessation of the ability to reproduce accompanied by a decrease in production of sex hormones;occurs at about age 50 in women | 59 | |
| 5144137569 | Crystallized Intelligence | Defined: The amount of information you obtain and the verbal skills you develop over time but does NOT decrease in later adulthood Example: anything and everything you have learned | 60 | |
| 5144137570 | Fluid Intelligence | Defined: ability to reason in an abstract way but DECREASES during later adulthood Example: if I asked you to come up with as many different possible uses for a tire, you would have to use very abstract reasoning -- think about what a tire is, the different types, the sizes, etc., then go through cognitive lists of situations, uses, and much more. | 61 | |
| 5144137571 | Social Clock | Defined: the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement. Example: be married by 25, have kids by 30, etc. | 62 | |
| 5144137572 | Stages of Death and Dying | Psychologist: Elizabeth Kubler-Ross Stages (DABDA): Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance | 63 | |
| 5144137573 | Alzheimer's Disease | -Fatal degenerative disease in which brain neurons progressively die, causing loss of memory, reasoning,emotion,control of bodily functions, then death -characterizes by amyloid plaques in brain and a lack of acetycholine | 64 |
