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| 290934365 | 3 main things that damaged prestige of the church | 1. papal conflict w/ Fredrick II (Germ emp) 2. Babylonian Captivity 3. Great Schism | |
| 290934366 | Authors who poked fun at the church | Machiavelli Erasmus praise of folly Chaucer canteburry tales Boccacio decameron | |
| 290934367 | Signs of disorder in the church | Clerical immorality Clerical ignorance (priests dumb & ppl in charge not knowing/caring) Clerical pluralism & absenteeism | |
| 290934368 | Clerical Absenteeism | the clergy not performing their duties ~Wolsey: Chancellor of Henry 8 - ~Archbish of York, 15 yrs b4 went to church ~DuPrat: Diplomat Louis 12 - ~Archbish of Sens 1st time @ funeral | |
| 290940928 | Clerical Pluralism | the clergy holding multiple offices ex: Italian officials & curia "worked" in Spain, Eng, Germ at the same time corrupt becauseChurch = $$$ Kings rewarded officials giving church jobs=$ | |
| 290940929 | Princely popes | Careless like princes A. Italian 1. Pius II--- edu worker & romance writer 2 .Sixtus IV--- Sistine chapel & sponsored lots artists 3. Innocent VIII- Luxury & scandal 4. Leo X (Medici): Patron of arts Corrupt 5. Julius II: fought w/ Italy in French Invasion (not bad) B. Spain: 1. Alexander (Borgia) VI--- mistress & child public ~Synonym for corrupt | |
| 290940930 | Signs of vitality in the church | 1. Cardinal Jimenez 2. Brethren of common life 3. Oratories of divine love | |
| 290940931 | Describe Martin Luther's early life | ~German Augustinian Friar ~Went to U of Erfurt ~Dad was miner wanted him to be lawyer ~Went to montasery to become priest ~got Doctorate of theology ~Prof @ U of Wittenburg ~ Anxious and neurotic ~cuz disobeyed father & 10 commandment ~Pondered the meaning of life | |
| 290940932 | According to Martin Luther how do you achieve salvation? where did he get that idea from? | Not penances and rituals, = BELIEF IN G'D John Staupiz from St Pauls | |
| 290940933 | Indulgences definition and their basis when did they start, what did they become? | DEF: Penances for sins assigned by church Principles 1. Gd is merciful & just 2. Christ & Sts made treasury of merits 3. Christ can assign spiritual benefits of these merits ~Started 1100s w/ crusades ~middle ages = total cure of earthly sins ($--> heaven) | |
| 290940934 | John Fredrick of Saxony | one of the 7 electors of Germany Forbade indulges in Wittenburg Legally saved ML | |
| 290952969 | Albert of Mainz | Hired by Pope Leo X to borrow money from the Fuggers and pay them back in indulgences because the pope wanted to build the Bascilica 1. Archbish of Madgeburg 2. Also See of Halberstadt 3. Archbish of Mainz | |
| 290952970 | Friar Terztal | Clever friar who was hired by Albert of Mainz to sell indulgences in Germany as part of Leo X's plan to buy the basilica | |
| 290952971 | 95 Thesis | 1517 on all sts day (10/31) Translated from Latin to German On the pope's door By martin luther & was excommunicated ~Attacked Church ~NO BIBLE BASIS FOR INDULGENCES | |
| 290952972 | Do table | ÁDfdgftgj5tûfdfsjøIlIllIllIlllIllIIlIIIllIlIlIlI | |
| 290952973 | Who did ML's beliefs appeal to? | 1. Gov resented church's priveleges ~No taxes, responsibility but $$$$$$ 2. Smart people didnt like poor qulaity and irreg services 3. Peasants ~Luther was peasant & supported peasant cause ~"On Christian Liberties" 4. Women: No more confession & marriage is career (home kids $) Clergy allowed to marry (sex ok if married) | |
| 290952974 | Revolt of 1525 | ~Swabian peasants wrote 12 articles --complaining ~Luther didnt support violence & wrote: Against the Murdering, Thieving Hordes of Peasants ~75000 peasants killed in revolt ~Strengthened lay rulers, peasant's $ better | |
| 290952975 | ML's Works | Catecisms: Originally for pastors but everyone read Based 10 commandments 1. Larger Catechism-short sermons 2. Shorter Catechism- concise q&a 3. Against the Murdering, Thieving Hordes of Peasants 4. On Christian Liberties | |
| 290952976 | Golden Bull | Legalized aristocrat rule in gov in Germany ~7 electors over 7 territories | |
| 290958005 | What effects did the marriage of Maximilian I and Mary have? | ~Made Habsburg internat pwr ~ Angered French (Lous XII) | |
| 290958006 | Treaty of Arras | ~Made Burgundy part of France (but not in practice) ~Louis XII Couldn't kick out Habsburgs (in Germ battlegrounds) | |
| 290958007 | What was going on in Germany during the reformation? | ~Weak borders & chronic disorder ~New Testament to cause national pride ~ML Urged princes to abolish indulgences ~Authorities saw benefits in protestantism | |
| 290958008 | Charles V | ~Thought he would make world monarchy ~Last Medieval Emp ~ VERY CATHOLIC ~Didnt think two faiths would mesh peacefully ~Controled Flem Span, Ital, Turk etc ~Habsburg 1st priority | |
| 290958009 | Habsburg Valois Wars | HRE v. France over marriage France trying to divide Germany, so Francis I supported Lutherism | |
| 290958010 | Peace of Augsburg | 1555 ~Each Prince chose religion for territory ~Ppl had to convert of leave ~N and Central Germ=Lutheran ~S Germ = Catholic | |
| 290958011 | Why did the Catholic king of France support Lutherism? | It pressured Charles & divided Germ | |
| 290958338 | Who was to blame for disintegration of Church? | Charles V and the German Princes | |
| 290969580 | ~Preacher: | edu men must deliver 100 sermons/yr Sermon not eucharist= central part of service | |
| 290973187 | Card Jimenez | - High Standards for clergy in Spain | |
| 290973188 | Brethren of Common Life: | Simple& Charitable ~stressed scriptures in spiritual life ~Founded by Thomas A Kempis | |
| 290973189 | Imitation of Christ | by Thomas A Kempis about Brethren of Common Life | |
| 290973190 | Oratories of divine love | In Italy Charitable & prayer ~Made orphanages | |
| 291310666 | Which European countries converted to protestantism | Scandinavia,;/Eng (not M. Tudor) Scotlan, Geneva, Zurich, Strasburg (Germ) | |
| 291310667 | John Calvin | ~French ~Studied law ~Religious crisis (converted to protestantism) 1533 ~Believed G'd sent him to reform | |
| 291310668 | Genevan Consistory | ~12 laymen & & Co. of pastors ~Calvin=moderator/presider - ~Powerful w/ eyes to punish ppl out of line ~Women involved~Model for presbyterian church Scot, France, Eng, New Eng Punishments for:~Drinking, gambling, blasphemy, absence from sermons, - adultery, fam conflict ~SEVERE heresy = torture, banish, execute | |
| 291339692 | Servetus | ~Spanish reformer Didnt believe in trinity ~Nor baptism til 20 ~Arrested by span inquistion ~Escaped--> Geneva & rearrested ~Burned @ stake | |
| 291339693 | Anabaptism | ~Comes from "to baptize again" ~Only adults can make choices bout religious faith ~Voluntary association of believers w/ inner light ~Few could receive inner light ~Believed in separation of church and state&relig liberty ~Pacifism & not forcing people to convert ~Persecuted | |
| 291339694 | Who did the anabaptists favor first? | ML | |
| 291339695 | Who did the anabaptists Attract? | women the poor | |
| 291339696 | What stemmed from anabaptism today? | Quakers--pacifists ~Baptists---inner light ~Congregationalist --- democratic church ~Authors of US constitution-- separate church & state | |
| 291339697 | Lolards | ~14th century ~Anticlerical ~Stressed interpretation of the bible ~Small group ~Cloth workers attracted to them | |
| 291339698 | Tydale | ~Eng humanist ~visited Luther in Wittenburg ~Translated bible to Eng | |
| 291339699 | Why didn't pope clement grant the annulment? | He didn't want to give ML any more ammunition that the church was corrupt esp after Charles V capture & Sack of Rome & since pope Julius gave Henry the right to marry his bro's widow | |
| 291364069 | Who did Henry want an annulment from why? | Catherine of Aragon he was in love w/ Anne of Boyedyn | |
| 291364070 | Act of Restraint of Appeals: | King>pwr papcy ~Though parliament | |
| 291364071 | Act for Submission of clergy: | King= head of Eng church | |
| 291364072 | Henry's wives | 1. Catherine of Aragon 2. Anne Boyelyn --> Mary & Elizabeth the only children he kept 3. Jane Seymore --> dead newborn son 4,5,6,7,8 | |
| 291364073 | Henry VIII on monasteries | ~Dissolved them ~Used $$ for war ~Land --> upper/middle class for $ | |
| 291364074 | Pilgrimage of grace | Largest multiclass rebellion ~1536 N Euro | |
| 291364075 | Rebellions E. Anglia & the West about | Opposition to STATE-ORDERED religious changes | |
| 291364076 | Henry's Motives for the English reformation | Personal, Political, Social, $ ~Was Catholic, hired Protestant tutor for son--> literacy | |
| 291364077 | Cromwell under HenryVIII | Balanced $: ~Reformed & centralized kings: house, council, secriats, exechquer ~New departments of state ~$ from surpluses went --> liquid fund to balance $~more $ --> weaker departments | |
| 291364078 | Edward VI | ~Henry's sickly son ~Protestant influence on country | |
| 291364079 | ~Thomas Cramer Book of Common Prayer | how Eng service is run under Edward VI | |
| 291364080 | Mary Tudor (bloody mary) | ~Catholic ~Catherine of Aragon's daughter ~Married Phillip of Spain ~Rescinded reformation laws ~Unpop in Eng ~Persecuted/executed hundreds of protestants ~Prots fled continent ~Died 1558 | |
| 291364081 | Sister Elizabeth | ~Raised protestant ~Called Supreme Governor ofChurch of Eng etc... Didn't care about your faith just keep it quiet | |
| 291364082 | Elizabeth's settlement | Early legislation ~Wanted dignity of church ~Attend church or get fined $ | |
| 291364083 | Elizabeth's Protestantness | ~Clergy can marry ~No monasteries ~39 articles--basic Eng Church tenets ~approved by bishops ~Services in English | |
| 291388518 | Elizabeth's catholicness | ~Bishops still in charge & traditional services | |
| 291388519 | anglican church | the english church as founded by Elizabeth I | |
| 291388520 | The church of scotland before Prebsbytarianism | Very Corrupt Supported Luther | |
| 291388521 | Scotlands government | ~Weak monarchy: James V & daughter= very catholic ~Indep nobles compete for pwr ~Supported reform | |
| 291388522 | John Knox | ~Worked w/ Calvin ~Wanted his Geneva ~Persuaded parliament to end Papal authority legally ~Established Prebstytarian Church of Scotland | |
| 291388523 | ~Book of Common Order | by john knox liturgy directory for church | |
| 291388524 | Prebsbytarian values | ~Ministers not bishops ruled ~Mass abolished ~Dead if caught @ mass ~Calvinism & puritanism beliefs ~Preaching | |
| 291388525 | Ireland's view of English | ~Hated political & $ exploits ~Part of the Eng church through Eng parliament | |
| 291388526 | England's view of irish | thought Irish were barbaric Only kept Irish cuz it would cost too much to kill all Sold monasteries for money to Eng even though majority of Irish ppl roman catholic | |
| 291388527 | Popes who were for reform | Julius II: council of bishops,theologians Pope Paul II: Council of trent | |
| 291388528 | Danish Kings | ~Ruled over Swede, Norway, Denmark ~Established Lutheran churches | |
| 291388529 | Gustavus Vasa | ~Swedish nobleman 1520 ~Led revolt against Denmark and Sweden ~Became king & seized power of church & required bishop's loyalty to Swedish crown ~Consolidated Swedish monarchy | |
| 291388530 | Perri | translated bible -> Swedish | |
| 291388531 | Christian III | ~King of Denmark & Norway ~made Lutheran church ~Adopted Lutherism as state religion til 1814 (Danish influence | |
| 291388532 | 1517-1547 Protestant: | Eng, Scandin, Scot, Germ, France, Switz | |
| 291388533 | Counterreformation policy | reconvert or DIE (Some reformers did the same) | |
| 291388534 | Why was the counter reform initially so slow? | ppl preoccupied w/ complex Rome's politics | |
| 291388535 | Adrian VI | Dutch pope wanted to execute reformers through the word of god reigned 13 months | |
| 291388536 | Clement Medici | ~Into art more than religion ~1st allied Charles V --> Battle of Pavia Charles won ~Switched alliances to Francais I (France) ~Charles won again & captured Rome & Pope ~Papacy more concerned more w/ this than religion | |
| 291388537 | Alexander Fernese | Promised to hold council if elected ~Won --> Pope Paul III ~Hired Grandsons & great edu ppl as cardinals | |
| 291388538 | Council of Trent purpose | To reform church ~To reconcile w/ protestants ~Hard to do since they were fixated on scriptures | |
| 291388539 | What interfered w. relig debates @ council of trent | International politics interfered w/ religious debates ~Charles V opposed discussions that isolated subjects ~Didnt want to lose more to France ~France wanted Germ divided | |
| 291388540 | Who attended council of trent? | Portugal, Poland, Hungary, Ireland, very lil Germ | |
| 291388541 | ~Centralizing tenet of council of trent | All acts of council required papal approval because Some bishops wanted council over papacy ~Could have divided church | |
| 291388542 | Achievements of the council of trent | Tridentine degrees Basis for Catholic faith, organization & practices 400 yrs Tridentine Decree Tametsi | |
| 291388543 | Tridentine degrees | ~Suppressed pluralism and absenteeism\ ~Forbade sale of indulgences ~No more concubines ~Bishops must go to religious house 1 evry 2 yrs ~Make a seminary for clergy training ~Were to look for poor w/ genuine relig callling ~Radical concept ~Emphasis on preaching & teaching uneducated | |
| 291388544 | Tridentine degree Tametsi | ~Ppl used to have secret "Clandestine" vows in private ~Would often lead to denial and property disputes ~Now ppl needed witnesses at least a parish priest | |
| 291388545 | New Religious Orders Major Goal | Education!! | |
| 291388546 | Ursuline Order of nuns | Founded by Angela Merici---N. Itatly ~Worked w/ poor unedu & sick for many yrs ~Established it to combat heresy through christian edu ~Very prestigious ~Trained future wives and mothers ~Approved by Pope ~rapidly grew & spread to France and New World | |
| 291388547 | Iganatius Loyola | Founded society of Jesus ~Ex-Spanish solider ~Converted Asians Latin Amers and Indians to Catholicism Studied @ Salamanca & Paris | |
| 291388548 | Spiritual Exercise | by loyola religious insights | |
| 291388549 | Jesuits | ~@ 1st recruited mostly from wealthy merchants ~Pastoral prob ~Goal was to "Help Souls" ~Tight knot.... candidates 2 yr wait ~Chastity, Obedience, poverty, special vow to pontiff ~Very modern ,attracted many recruits ~Lived as monk ~Into educating poor ~End justifies the means ~Spied--> convert Japan, Brazil, Congo, N. Amer Made Europe more catholic | |
| 291388550 | The Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office | ~Pope Paul III established ~Pwr over inquisition | |
| 291388551 | The inquisition | 6 cardinals who can arrest, imprison, execute ~Under Card. Carraffa attacked heresy ~Against Calvinists ~Made Index of Prohibited books ~Not strong outside papal states | |
| 291388552 | Venice | Bib publishing center Euro ~only cooperated w/ book law code to avoid insecurity |
