Chapter 30 (Enduring Vision), A Conservative Revival and the End of the Cold War, 1980-2000
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| 1375915010 | Ronald Reagan | (1981-1985) and (1985-1989), first elected president in 1980 and elected again in 1984. He ran on a campaign based on the common man and "populist" ideas. He served as governor of California from 1966-1974, and he participated in the McCarthy Communist scare. Iran released hostages on his Inauguration Day in 1980. While president, he developed Reagannomics, the trickle down effect of government incentives. He cut out many welfare and public works programs. He used the Strategic Defense Initiative to avoid conflict. His meetings with Gorbachev were the first steps to ending the Cold War. He was also responsible for the Iran-contra Affair which bought hostages with guns. | 0 | |
| 1375915011 | Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) | Popularly known as "Star Wars," President Reagan's SDI proposed the construction of an elaborate computer-controlled, anti-missile defense system capable of destroying enemy missiles in outer spaced. Critics claimed that SDI could never be perfected. | 1 | |
| 1375915013 | Osama bin Laden | (1957-2011) Founder of al Qaeda, the terrorist network responsible for the attacks of September 11, 2001, and other attacks. Was trained by the US during the Cold War to fight the Soviet Union. | 2 | |
| 1375915014 | Democratic Leadership Council (DLC) | Was founded by Al From in 1985 in the wake of Democratic candidate and former Vice President Walter Mondale's landslide defeat to incumbent President Ronald Reagan in the 1984 presidential election. The organization's goal was to steer the party away from the New Left influence that had permeated the Democratic party since the late 1960s and back to the policies that made the FDR coalition electorally successful for close to 40 years. | 3 | |
| 1375915016 | Iran-contra scandal | 1986, Although Congress had prohibited aid to the Nicaraguan contras, individuals in Reagan's administration continued to illegally support the rebels. These officials secretly sold weapons to Iran in exchange for the release of American hostages being held in the Middle East. Profits from these sales were then sent to the contras. | 4 | |
| 1375915018 | Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty | Ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with ranges of between 500 and 5,500 kilometers. Had to be destroyed by USSR and US after making a treaty for it. | 5 | |
| 1375915020 | George H. W. Bush | 41st U.S. President. 1989-1993. Republican; increased welfare and unemployment benefits during a recession, yielded to Democrat Congress on economic issues, signed the American with Disabilities Act, sent troops to Panama, Soviet Union collapsed in 1991: end of Cold War, sent troops to fight Sadaam Hussein in the Persian Gulf War; North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) | 6 | |
| 1375915023 | Persian Gulf War | (1990 - 1991) Conflict between Iraq and a coalition of countries led by the United States to remove Iraqi forces from Kuwait which they had invaded in hopes of controlling their oil supply. A very one sided war with the United States' coalition emerging victorious. | 7 | |
| 1375915025 | Americans with Disabilities Act | Passed by Congress in 1991, this act banned discrimination against the disabled in employment and mandated easy access to all public and commerical buildings. | 8 | |
| 1375915027 | Bill Clinton | Democrat (1993-2001) War in Bosnia; NAFTA, campaign that emphasized broad economic issues instead of the racial and cultural questions that had divided Democrats in the past., extended Palestinian self-rule and arranged timetables for Israeli withdrawal from disputed lands, was impeached due to the Monica Lewinski scandal and was later acquitted, cut spending; lowered taxes; decreased national debt | 9 | |
| 1375915029 | Al Gore | ...The VP for Bill Clinton. He was concerned with environmental issues. He also ran against George W. Bush in the disputed election of 2000. The 2000 election is referred to as the "stolen election". There was an automatic recount because of "hanging chads". The voter cards were punched out and in the Florida humidity the chads got messed up. It was a close vote. Gore won the popular vote, but Bush won over all and was elected. | 10 | |
| 1375915032 | North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) | An economic pact that combined the conomies of the United States, Canada, and Mexico into one of the world's largest trading blocs. | 11 | |
| 1375915034 | Hillary Rodham Clinton | She was born in Chicago, Illinois on October 26, 1946, and graduated from Yale Law School. She married Bill Clinton in 1975 and had one daughter, Chelsea, in 1980. During her husband's presidency, she headed a Task Force on National Health Care Reform as well as supported women's rights at home and abroad. She was elected to the United States Senate on November 7, 2000. She was also the Secretary of State during Obama's first term. | 12 | |
| 1375915036 | Christian Coalition | in the 1990's, Pentecostal minister Pat Robertson began a political movement and launched this organization. These and other organizations of the Christian right opposed federal interference in local affairs; denounced abortion, divorce, feminism, and homosexuality; defended unrestricted free enterprise, and supported a strong American posture in the world. | 13 | |
| 1375915039 | Newt Gingrich | Gingrich was the Republican speaker in the House. He pushed for more conservative legislation during Clinton's presidency. | 14 | |
| 1375915041 | Ross Perot | This billionaire was a third-party candidate in the 1992 presidential election won 19 percent of the popular vote. His strong showing that year demonstrated voter disaffection with the two major parties. | 15 | |
| 1375915043 | Welfare Reform Act | 1996 law that established the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program in place of the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program and tightened Medicaid eligibility requirements | 16 | |
| 1375915045 | globalization | (Present) Creation of a global economy and society through improved communications, transportation, and trade. | 17 | |
| 1375915047 | George W. Bush | 2000 and 2004; Republican; 9/11 terrorist attack invade Afghanistan and Iraq; economy: huge tax cuts, 2007-great recession; No Child Left Behind, Medicare prescription drug benefits, Hurricane Katrina disaster | 18 | |
| 1375915049 | Oklahoma City bombing | Bombing of Murrah Federal Building. The blast, set off by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols, killed 168 people, including 19 children in the building's day-care center. | 19 |
