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| 140145592 | Metternich | Austrian foreign secretary most clearly associated with the reactionary settlement of Vienna. He was opposed to nationalism as a political tool and the liberal political reforms being proposed in the first half of the 19th century. | 0 | |
| 140145593 | Napoleon I | Great French Emperor and general who conquered much of Europe. His conquest, although eventually repelled, helped to increase the nationalist demand for unification in Italy and France. | 1 | |
| 140145594 | Charles X | French restoration monarch who sided with the Ultras and attempted to re-establish the Old Regime and royal authority in France. Overthrown by the July Revolution of 1830. | 2 | |
| 140145595 | Nicholas I | His reign began with the Decembrist Revolution, which tried to establish constitutional government in Russia. He crushed the revolt and established one of thew most reactionary governments in Europe. | 3 | |
| 140145596 | Nicholas II | Last Czar of Russia, his inept rule helped to hasten the decline of the monarchy. He saw a European was as an opportunity for Russia to assert her position in the Balkans and in European diplomatic circles. | 4 | |
| 140145597 | Alexander II | The Czar "liberator", this Russian monarchy attempted to modernize Russia by freeing the serfs and reforming local government. his foreign policies continued the goal of Russian expansion. He was assassinated by the radials who felt his reforms did not go far enough. | 5 | |
| 140145598 | Louis Philippe | The "bourgeoisie king" who ascended the French throne in 1830. | 6 | |
| 140145599 | Louis Blanc | French socialist leader in 1848, he favored the creation of a true republic to replace the constitutional monarchy of the previous government. | 7 | |
| 140145600 | Adolphe Thiers | French leader in the legislature in the years following the defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War. Described as a liberal-royalist, he was part of the middle class leaders who wished to maintain constitutional government but limit true "republicanism" in French government. He had earlier led the move to constitutional monarchy in 1830. | 8 | |
| 140145601 | Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III) | Elected president of France in 1848, he became emperor after 1851. Ruled France until the disastrous Franco-Prussian War. | 9 | |
| 140145602 | Disraeli | Conservative Prime Minister of Britain who favored the gradual liberal reform of the political | 10 | |
| 140145603 | Gladstone | Liberal Prime Minister of britain who favored the reform of British politics and a process of independence for the Empire...beginning with Irish independence | 11 | |
| 140145604 | Victoria I | British monarch who was the symbol of British dominance in the 19th century. | 12 | |
| 140145605 | Ramsey MacDonald | One of the founders of the Labour Party in Britain...becoming the first Labour Prime Minister | 13 | |
| 140145606 | Daniel O'Connell | One of the leaders of Irish nationalism, best known for the Catholic Emancipation Act that allowed Irish Catholics to sit in Parliament. | 14 | |
| 140145607 | William I | First Kaiser of a united German Empire. | 15 | |
| 140145608 | William II | German Kaiser whose aggressive foreign policy abandoned the policies of Bismarck and drove France, russia and Britain together in an alliance. policies helped lead to World War I. | 16 | |
| 140145609 | Alexander I | Czar hero of Russian resistance to Napoleon. Although he initially favored reform, he reformed to traditional conservative rule. | 17 | |
| 140145610 | Mazzini | The "soul of Italian unification," he created the "Young Italy" movement in support of a unified Italian Republic. he helped to establish the short lived Roman Republic in 1849. One of the idealists of the early nationalist movement in Italy. | 18 | |
| 140145611 | Garibaldi | Fiery Italian patriot known as the "sword of Italian unification." he conquered the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and added it to the Italian Kingdom. | 19 | |
| 140145612 | Charles Stewart Parnell | Irish nationalist leader who agitated for Irish home rule. | 20 | |
| 140145613 | Cavour | "Brains of Italian Unification" whose position as chief Minister of Sardinia used diplomacy and warfare to unify Italy. | 21 | |
| 140145614 | Victor Emmanuel | First king of a united Italy. | 22 | |
| 140145615 | Bismarck | Prussian Chancellor who used "blood and iron" to unify Germany. Tried to prevent another European wide war by creating a system of alliances to isolate France. | 23 | |
| 140145616 | Alexander III | Russian Czar who followed the reforms of his predecessor with a return to absolute repression. He did modify traditional Russian foreign policy by seeking compromises with the British. | 24 | |
| 140145617 | Louis Kossuth | "Hero of Hungarian Nationalism"...leader of the 1848 Hungarian fight for independence. | 25 | |
| 140145618 | Francis Deak | Hungarian leader who helped find a peaceful conclusion to the Austrian-Hungarian conflict in 1866-67 that led to Hungarian equality within the newly named Astro-Hungarian Empire | 26 | |
| 140145619 | Count Sergei Witte | Father of the industrial movement in late 19th century Russia...too little, too late. | 27 | |
| 140145620 | Lenin | Marxist revolutionary in early 20th century Russia...carried out the Bolshevik revolution | 28 | |
| 140145621 | Robert Peel | 19th century British politician best known for creating the London police force that bears his name; as Prime Minister, his government repealed the Corn Laws | 29 | |
| 140145622 | Earl Gray | british Prime Minister best known today for the tea named for him; as Prime Minister, his government began the long era of political reform by passing the Reform Bill of 1832 | 30 | |
| 140145623 | Francis Joseph | Austrian Emperor who came to power in the 1848 revolution and remained in power into World War I; continued the conservative politics of his ancestors, but was forced to accept Hungarian equality in the empire in 1867 | 31 | |
| 140145624 | David Lloyd George | Liberal Prime Minister in the early 20th century who attempted to pass the radical People's Budget of 1909 | 32 | |
| 140145625 | Michael Bakunin | Founder of the anarchist movement in Russia; advocated violence as an agent of change | 33 | |
| 140145626 | Rasputin | The "mad monk" whose strange relationship with the Russian royal family created more violence, controversy and poor administration in the Imperial Government. | 34 |
