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| 1532597815 | *Diuretics | Agents that increase Urine Output, increases the excretion of solutes and water, Main purpose: eliminate excess fluid from the body | 0 | |
| 1532597816 | *Primary goal of diuretic therapy | reduce extracellular fluid volume in order to: Lower blood pressure, Rid body of excess interstitial fluid | 1 | |
| 1532639615 | *Kidneys | are paired retroperitoneal organs, Perfused by renal artery, Active organ (not a passive filter) | 2 | |
| 1532639616 | *Nephron | is the Functional unit of the kidney, is composed of the glomerulus, proximal tubule, loop of henle, distal tubule and collecting duct. | 3 | |
| 1532639617 | *Glomerulus (filtrate) | filtration of fluid from the blood to the tubule occurs here, more than 99% is reabsorbed and less than 1% is excreted as urine | 4 | |
| 1532639618 | *Oliguria | Urine output < 30 - 60 mL/hr | 5 | |
| 1532639619 | *Anuria | No urine output | 6 | |
| 1532639620 | *Polyuria | Urine output > 60 mL/hr | 7 | |
| 1532639621 | *Na+ (Sodium) | 70% of this is reabsorbed in the proximal tubules, 20% in loops of Henle, 10% in distal tubules, Inhibition causes less H2O retention | 8 | |
| 1532639622 | *Aldosterone | Increases Na+ and H2O reabsorption in the Distal Tubule | 9 | |
| 1532639623 | Spironolactone | is a diuretic that increases Na+ and H2O loss by inhibiting aldosterone | 10 | |
| 1532639624 | *Diuretics | are relevant to respiratory and critical care clinicians to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure (CHF) | 11 | |
| 1532639625 | *Osmotic (diuretic group) | impairs proximal tubule and descending limb of loop of Henle to reabsorb NaCl | 12 | |
| 1532639626 | *Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors (diuretic group) | treats glaucoma, metabolic alkalosis, and altitude sickness, potential for metabolic acidosis-limits use, Hypokalemia is a common adverse effect, Decrease HCO3- and NaCl reabsorption (within proximal tubule) | 13 | |
| 1532639627 | *Thiazides (diuretic group) | block NaCl reabsorption at the Distal Tubule, Not much difference between minimal and maximal doses | 14 | |
| 1532639628 | *Loop(diuretic group) | inhibit NaCl reabsorption at the Thick Ascending Limb of Henle, "High-ceiling" diuretics, Up to 20% of NaCl and H2O is lost | 15 | |
| 1532639629 | *Potassium-Sparing (diuretic group) | block exchange of Na+ for K+ and H+, Weak action, in collecting duct, May cause hyperkalemia | 16 | |
| 1532639630 | *Adverse Effects of Diuretics | Hypovolemia (low fluid volume), electrolyte and acid-base disorders are most common | 17 | |
| 1535669539 | *Chloride and bicarbonate | Cl- and HCO3- are passively reabsorbed in the proximal and distal tubules | 18 | |
| 1535669540 | *Potassium | most filtered K+ is reabsorbed in the proximal tubules, found in urine | 19 | |
| 1535669541 | *Mannitol | is an Osmotic Diuretic and is typically a selected agent because of its lower toxicity | 20 | |
| 1535669542 | *Hypovolemia | when sodium and fluid excretion exceed intake | 21 | |
| 1535669543 | *Hypokalemia | low potassium levels in the body | 22 | |
| 1535669544 | *Glucose changes | the average increase in serum glucose is 6.5 to 9.6 mg/dL, associated with diabetic ketoacidosis | 23 | |
| 1535669545 | *Ototoxicity | hearing loss, reducing the infusion rate or administering the drug orally may alleviate the hearing loss | 24 |
