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21-40 AP Language & Composition Flashcards

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7212407636ColloquialOrdinary or familiar type of conversation.0
7212408464ColloquialismA common or familiar type of saying (Ex. "go bananas" or "looking blue").1
7212411887ConcessionAccepting at least part or all of an opposing viewpoint. It is futile to deny a solid point. Rather, a concession is used to regroup and restate your position, taking the concession into account. (see qualification).2
7212509945Concrete LanguageLanguage that describes specific, observable things, people or places, rather than ideas or qualities.3
7212522168ConnotationRather than the dictionary definition4
7213243120ConsonanceRepetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity.5
7213258897Coordination"Coordinating" or combining sentences/clauses into one single sentence. By doing so, the author gives both clauses equal importance. Moreover, the two clauses should be related and reinforce each other. (Ex. Give me liberty or give me death! -Patrick Henry). DO NOT hook together ideas which are superficially tied together, but are otherwise unrelated. (Ex. President Clinton served in office for eight years, and Abraham Lincoln wore a stove pipe hat when he was President.)6
7213262766DeductionMoving from general statements we accept as true, to an inevitable conclusion. Then the general statements are true, and the reasoning valid, then the conclusion is certainly true. (Ex. All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.) See also Syllogism.7
7213277051DenotationTo signify or stand as a name for. The explicit meaning of a word. (Ex. Policeman means Officer of the Law. If you referred to the Policeman as a Cop, it still Denotes the same literal meaning, but the word "cop" has a different Connotation). See also Connotation.8
7213279725DescriptionTo recreate, invent, or visually present a person, place, event, or action so that the reader can picture that being described. Good descriptive writing creates a picture which involves the 5 senses.9
7213280991DictionWord choice, particularly as an element of style. Different types and arrangements of words have significant effects on meaning. An essay written in academic diction would be much less colorful, but perhaps more precise than street slang. You should be able to describe an author's diction. You SHOULDN'T write in your thesis, "The author uses diction...". This is essentially saying, "The author chooses words to write." Instead, describe the type of diction (Ex. formal or informal, ornate or plain).10
7213286927DidacticA term used to describe fiction, nonfiction or poetry that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking.11
7213288137Emotional AppealWhen a writer appeals to an audience's emotions to excite and involve them in the argument.12
7213288963EpigraphA quotation or aphorism at the beginning of a literary work suggestive of theme.13
7213291831Ethical AppealWhen a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him based on presentation of image of self through the text.14
7213293762EuphemismA more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts. Sometimes they are used for political correctness ("physically challenged", instead of "crippled"). Sometimes they are used to exaggerate correctness to add humor (a person who is "vertically challenged" is often referred to as being "short").15
7213296203ExplicationThe act of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text. Attention to close reading and figurative language.16
7213299040ExpositionTo explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion.17
7213301304False AnalogyWhen two cases are not sufficiently parallel to lead readers to accept a claim of connection between them.18
7213302154Figurative LanguageA word or words that are inaccurate literally but call to mind sensation or evoke reactions. Metaphors, similes. "All the world's a stage." ...19

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