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| 71660391 | the report of the ecological society of America committee on the scientific bases for ecosystem management | Christensen et al | |
| 71660392 | Managers have focused on maximizing short-term gain over long-term sustainability. The reason for this: | 1. Inadequate info about diversity of environments 2. Ignorance about dynamics of ecosystem 3. No grasp on openness and interconnectedness of ecosystems 4. Public perception that social goes over environment | |
| 71660393 | We used to be 'object oriented' | denied ecosystems ever changed. | |
| 71660394 | Ecosystem management | is management driven by explicit goals, executed by policies protocols, and practices and made adaptable by monitoring and research based on best understanding of the ecological interactions and processes necessary to sustain ecosystem compositions, structure and function | |
| 71660395 | Ecosystem management does not only focus on | deliverables' but rather on sustainability of ecosystem structures and processes necessary to deliver goods and services. | |
| 71660396 | Ecosystem management must include the following if it wants to overcome obstacles | 1. Sustainability: intergenerational sustainability as a precondition. So manager accepts such responsibility up front. 2. Goals: Goals need to be stated in terms of specific ' desired future trajectories' and 'desired future behaviors' for ecosystem components and processes necessary for sustainability. These goals need to be monitored and measured. 3. Sound ecological models and understanding: research performed at all levels of the organization, social and economical. 4. Complexity and connectedness: recognizes that biological diversity and structural complexity strengthens ecosystems and is against long term change. it is important for resilience. 5. The dynamic character of ecosystems: avoids 'freezing' ecosystems in one state, it needs change and evolution. 6. Context and scale: understands that there is no specific scale or timeframe for management to adapt to ecosystems. Nature is large or small and unpredictable. 7. Humans as ecosystem components: values active role of humans in achieving sustainable management goals. We must also address population growth, poverty and human perceptions regarding the use of energy and natural resources. 8. Adaptability and accountability: current knowledge and paradigms of ecosystem functions are outdated, incomplete and subject to change. management goals and strategies must be viewed as hypotheses to be tested by research ad monitoring programs that compare specific expectations against objective measures of results. | |
| 71660397 | Ecosystem | a spatially explicit unit of the earth that includes all of the organism, along with all components of the abiotic environment within its boundaries. | |
| 71660398 | Ecological systems vary continuously along | complex gradients in space and are constantly changing through time. No ecosystem is closed with respect to changes of organisms, matter and energy | |
| 71660399 | Ecosystem function depends on its | structure, diversity, and integrity | |
| 71660400 | Complexity of ecosystems is critical for sustainability | you need to maintain biological diversity for it. | |
| 71660401 | Biological diversity | in the variety of life and its processes, including the variety of living organism and the genetic differences among them, as well as the variety of habitats, communities, ecosystems, and landscapes in which they occur. | |
| 71660402 | Biological diversity is central to the productivity and sustainability of the earth's ecosystems. It provides for: | 1. Essential processes 2. Ecosystem resistance to and recovery from disturbances 3. Adaptability to long term changes in environmental conditions |
