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| 300014104 | Calvinist Theology | Moral bifurcation of soceity and doctrine of predestination where few are chosen for eternal salvation; most are damned to Hell | 0 | |
| 300014105 | Crops Grown In New World | Beans, Pineapple, Cacao, Maize, Potatoes, Pumpkin, Squash, Sweet Potatoes, Tobacco, Tomatoes | 1 | |
| 300014106 | Deism | The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life | 2 | |
| 300014107 | Effects of Capitalism | Joint-Stock Companies. Stock exchanges, Encourage imperialism/empires, Putting-Out System, Rural life changes, Serfdom becomes inefficient in Western Europe and stay in Russia, Nuclear families replace extended families, Women enter income-earning work force. | 3 | |
| 300014108 | Rural Life Changes Due To Capitalism | Improved access to manufactured goods and people move to cities for jobs | 4 | |
| 300014109 | Effects of the Columbian Exchange | Disease, Crops, Animals, and Culture being moved to new places. Disease killed most of the native Americans. Crops and animals being moved allowed for more varied diets. | 5 | |
| 300014110 | Encomienda System | It gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work. In exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect the Native American people and convert them to Christianity | 6 | |
| 300014111 | Florence, Italy | This was the dominant city in Tuscany, which had 2/3 of the area's wealth, yet less than ¼ of the population. It was the center of the Renaissance and its cultural development, with the Medici family serving as patrons for important artists and writers, such as Michelangelo. It was also the financial center of Italy, and main place where luxury goods were made. | 7 | |
| 300014112 | Goods That Move in the Columbian Exchange | To Americas -Horses, pigs, goats, chili peppers, sugar cane To Europe - Squash, beans, corn, potatoes, and cacao Disease, Weapons, Ideas, and People also spread | 8 | |
| 300014113 | Hacienda | A large Spanish-owned estate in the Americas that produced products of European origin (Grapes, Wheat, and Meat for example). Was gradually replaced by debt patronage. | 9 | |
| 300014114 | Henry VII's Foundation of the Church of England | English king, did not have an heir and wanted to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon. The Pope would not declare the marriage invalid so Henry renounced the Church and declared himself head of religious affairs in England and founded the Church of England | 10 | |
| 300014115 | Humanism | A renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements. Believed that life's goal was to prepare for the afterlife and earn your way into heaven. Shifted focus of life shifted to here and now. | 11 | |
| 300014116 | Joint Stock Companies | A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to fund voyages and receives some share of the voyage's profits and debts based on what they invested. Due to money being pooled, each person loses less money in case the voyage fails. Governments supported the Joint-Stock Companies and gave them tax breaks and incentives. Also gave them the rights to engage in trade, build posts, even make war. Extremely profitable. | 12 | |
| 300014117 | Two Major Joint Stock Companies | English East India Trading Company (1600) and Dutch United East India Company (VOC) (1602) | 13 | |
| 300014118 | Labor Systems in the New World | ... | 14 | |
| 300014119 | Putting-Out System | System in which materials sent to the country to be manufactured, which results in guilds becoming obsolete. | 15 | |
| 300014120 | Martin Luther's Teachings | People can win salvation on faith alone, not indulgences. Christian teachings must be based on the Bible, not the Pope. All people with faith are equal and can interpret the Bible without priests. | 16 | |
| 300014121 | Renaissance Artists | Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Albrecht Dürer, Masaccio, Donatello, Titian, Jan Van Eyck, Bosch, Bruegel, Tintoretto, and El Greco. | 17 | |
| 300014122 | Spanish Inquisition | National agency established by monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella to seek Jews and Muslims who had converted to Christianity yet still practiced their religion in secret. Those who refused to convert faced terrible consequences. This kept Spain under a unified religion and kept Reformation movement out of Spain. | 18 | |
| 300014123 | Technology that helped Exploration | Strong Ships, Rudder, Magnetic Compass, Astrolabe | 19 | |
| 300014124 | The Conquest of the Aztecs | Hernando Cortes lands with a crew of 600 in Mexico and finds the Aztec. He found that small states were willing to help against the Aztec due to resentment from being conquered. Spanish rode to Tenochtitlan on horses and Montezuma, Aztec king, believed the Spanish were gods and presented them with gold. Cortes captured Montezuma and began conquest of the Aztec empire, completed by 1525. The Spanish were able to conquer because of horses, guns, diseases that killed the Aztecs, and Aztec enemies. | 20 | |
| 300014125 | The Conquest of the Inca | Francisco Pizzaro began searching for Incas with 200 men. He used disease & weapons to conquer the Incan empire. By 1535, Incas had been conquered | 21 | |
| 300014126 | The Middle Passage | The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of people from Africa[1] were shipped to the New World, as part of the Atlantic slave trade. Ships departed Europe for African markets with manufactured goods, which were traded for purchased or kidnapped Africans, who were transported across the Atlantic as slaves; the slaves were then sold or traded for raw materials,[2] which would be transported back to Europe to complete the voyage. | 22 | |
| 300014127 | The Scientific Method | The belief that facts are proven through experiments. | 23 | |
| 300014128 | The Social Contract | The idea that government was not formed by divine decree but to meet the social and economic need of those being governed. Believed that Government is meant to serve the people, not the other way around. | 24 | |
| 300014129 | The Three G's | God: To convert heathens Glory: Personal and national Gold: Riches | 25 | |
| 300014130 | Theory of Divine Right | The theory that god had ordained rulers the right to govern, and the commoners had a duty to follow them | 26 | |
| 300014131 | Utopia | Ideal society in which everyone shares their wealth and their needs are met | 27 | |
| 300014132 | Bartolomeo Dias | This Portuguese sea captain achieved the culmination of a generation of island-hopping and coasting along the continent of Africa by rounding its cape in 1488. | 28 | |
| 300014133 | Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route. | 29 | |
| 300014134 | Christopher Columbus | An Italian navigator who was funded by the Spanish Government to find a passage to the Far East. He is given credit for discovering the "New World," even though at his death he believed he had made it to India. He made four voyages to the "New World." The first sighting of land was on October 12, 1492, and three other journies until the time of his death in 1503. | 30 | |
| 300014135 | James Cook | English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered Australia and New Zealand. He led three expeditions to the Pacific and was killed in a dispute with Hawaiins. | 31 | |
| 300014136 | Magellan | He was the first to prove that the new world really was a distinct landmass, separate from Asia. After sailing around around the southern tip of South America he sailed westward acrosst he Pacific and reached the Philippine Islands,where he died,claiming them for Spain. Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain. He commanded an expedition that was the first to circumnavigate the globe. | 32 | |
| 300014137 | Tyco Brahe | 16th century Danish astronomer who suggested that the moon and sun revolve around the earth while the other planets revolve around the sun | 33 | |
| 300014138 | Francis Bacon | English politician and writer, advocated that new knowledge was acquired through an inductive reasoning process (using specific examples to prove or draw conclusion from a general point) called empiricism; rejected Medieval view of knowledge based on tradition, believed it's necessary to collect data, observe, and draw conclusions. This was the foundation of the scientific method | 34 | |
| 300014139 | Johannes Kepler | Assistant to Brahe; used Brahe's data to prove that the earth moved in an elliptical, not circular, orbit; Wrote 3 laws of planetary motion based on mechanical relationships and accurately predicted movements of planets in a sun-centered universe; Demolished old systems of Aristotle and Ptolemy | 35 | |
| 300014140 | Sir Isaac Newton | 1643-1727. English physicist, mathmetician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian. Published work in 1687 describing universal gravitation, and the three laws of motion, laying the groundwork for classical mechanics., Greatest figure of the Scientific Revolution; organized ideas of previous scientists into one system of mathematical laws to explain the orderly manner in which the planets revolve around the sun. The key feature of this thesis was the law of universal gravitation, which states that every body in the universe attracts every other body in precise mathematical relationships. Such proof showed that the universe operated by rules, which could be explained through math, and that religious interpretation was not the sole means of comprehending the forces of nature. | 36 |
