Terms : Hide Images
| 37089880 | ayllu | Andean lineage group or kin-based community | 0 | |
| 37089881 | Aztecs | Also known as Mexica, they created a powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 C.E.). They forced defeated peoples to provide goods and labor as a tax | 1 | |
| 37089882 | Bantu | Collective name of a large group of sub-Saharan African languages and of the peoples speaking these languages | 2 | |
| 37089885 | chinampas | Raised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields. | 3 | |
| 37089886 | Delhi Sulatanate | Centralized Indian empire of varying extent, created by Muslim invaders. | 4 | |
| 37089887 | dhow | Ship of small to moderate size used in the western Indian Ocean, traditionally with a triangular sail and a sewn timber hull. | 5 | |
| 37089888 | Forbidden City | The walled section of Beijing where emperors lived between 1121 and 1924. Demonstrated the wealth and power of the Ming and future Chinese emperors. | 6 | |
| 37089889 | Ghana | First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E. Also the modern West African country once known as the Gold Coast. | 7 | |
| 37089890 | Ghengis Khan | Founder of the Mongol Empire (1206-1227). | 8 | |
| 37089891 | Golden Horde | Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's grandson Batu. It was based in southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam. | 9 | |
| 37089892 | Gothic Cathedrals | Large churches originating in 12th century France; built in an architectural style featuring pointed arches, tall vaults and spires, flying buttresses, and large stained-glass windows. | 10 | |
| 37089893 | Great Schism (East-West Schism) | 1054 - Divided the State church of the Roman Empire into Eastern (Greek) and Western (Latin) branches, which later became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church | 11 | |
| 37089894 | Great Zimbabwe | City, now in ruins in modern Africa, whose many stone structures were built between about 1250 and 1450, when it was a trading center and the capital of a large state. | 12 | |
| 37089895 | guild | In medieval Europe, an association of men (rarely women), such as merchants, artisans, or professors, who worked in a particular trade and banded together to promote their economic and political interests. | 13 | |
| 37089896 | Gujarat | Region of western India famous for trade and manufacturing; the inhabitants are called Gujarati. | 14 | |
| 37089898 | Hundred Years War | Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families. | 15 | |
| 37089899 | Ibn Battuta | Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. | 16 | |
| 37089900 | Ibn Khaldun | Arab historian. He developed an influential theory on the rise and fall of states. Born in Tunis, he spent his later years in Cairo as a teacher and judge. In 1400 he was sent to Damascus to negotiate the surrender of the city. | 17 | |
| 37089901 | Il-Khan | A 'secondary' or 'peripheral' khan based in Persia. The Il-khans' khanate was founded by Hulagu a grandson of Genghis Khan. It controlled much of Iran and Iraq | 18 | |
| 37089902 | Indian Ocean Maritime System | In pre-modern times, a network of seaports, trade routes, and maritime culture linking countries on the rim of the Indian Ocean from Africa to Indonesia. | 19 | |
| 37089903 | investiture | controversy Dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands. | 20 | |
| 37089904 | junk | A very large flatbottom sailing ship produced in the Tang and Song Empires, specially designed for long-distance commercial travel. | 21 | |
| 37089905 | Kamakura Shogunate | The first of Japan's decentralized military governments. (1185-1333). | 22 | |
| 37089906 | kamikaze | The 'divine wind,' which the Japanese credited with blowing Mongol invaders away from their shores in 1281. | 23 | |
| 37089907 | quipu | System of knotted colored cords used by pre-literate Andean peoples to transmit information. | 24 | |
| 37089908 | Khubilai Khan | Last of the Mongol Great Khans (r. 1260-1294) and founder of the Yuan Empire. | 25 | |
| 37089909 | Kievan Russia | State established at Kiev in Ukraine ca. 879 by Scandinavian adventurers asserting authority over a mostly Slavic farming population. | 26 | |
| 37089910 | Latin West | Historians' name for the territories of Europe that adhered to the Latin rite of Christianity and used the Latin language for intellectual exchange in the period ca. 1000-1500. | 27 | |
| 37089911 | Li Shimin | One of the founders of the Tang Empire and its second emperor (r. 626-649). He led the expansion of the empire into Central Asia | 28 | |
| 37089912 | Mali | Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade. (See also Timbuktu.) (p. 375) | 29 | |
| 37089913 | mamluks | Under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth and tenth centuries. Mamluks eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria. | 30 | |
| 37089914 | Mandate of Heaven | Chinese religious and political ideology developed by the Zhou, was the prerogative of Heaven, the chief deity, to grant power to the ruler of China. | 31 | |
| 37089915 | Mansa Musa | Ruler of Mali (r. 1312-1337). His pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world | 32 | |
| 37089916 | medieval | Literally 'middle age,' a term that historians of Europe use for the period ca. 500 to ca. 1500, signifying its intermediate point between Greco-Roman antiquity and the Renaissance. | 33 | |
| 37089917 | Ming Empire | Empire based in China that Zhu Yuanzhang established after the overthrow of the Yuan Empire. The Ming emperor Yongle sponsored the building of the Forbidden City and the voyages of Zheng He | 34 | |
| 37089919 | mit'a | Andean labor system based on shared obligations to help kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler and religious organizations. | 35 | |
| 37089920 | monasticism | Living in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty. (Primary Centres of Learning in Medieval Europe) (261) | 36 | |
| 37089921 | Mongols | A people of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. | 37 | |
| 37089922 | nomadism | A way of life, forced by a scarcity of resources, in which groups of people continually migrate to find pastures and water | 38 | |
| 37089923 | papacy | The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head | 39 | |
| 37089924 | Rashid al-Din | Doctory, historian and adviser to the Il-khans, created some of the most concise writing on the Mongol Empire | 40 | |
| 37089925 | reconquest of Iberia | Beginning in the eleventh century, military campaigns by various Iberian Christian states to recapture territory taken by Muslims. In 1492 the last Muslim ruler was defeated, and Spain and Portugal emerged as united kingdoms. | 41 | |
| 37089926 | Renaissance | A period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be a 'rebirth' of Greco-Roman culture. Usually divided into an Italian Renaissance, from roughly the mid-fourteenth to mid-fifteenth century, and a Northern Renaissance 1400-1600 | 42 | |
| 37089927 | scholasticism | A philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas, devised to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and Roman Catholic theology in the thirteenth century | 43 | |
| 37089928 | Scientific Revolution | The intellectual movement in Europe, initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that by the seventeenth century had laid the groundwork for modern science. | 44 | |
| 37089929 | serf | In medieval Europe, an agricultural laborer legally bound to a lord's property and obligated to perform set services for the lord. In Russia some serfs worked as artisans and in factories; serfdom was not abolished there until 1861. | 45 | |
| 37089931 | shamanism | The practice of identifying special individuals (shamans) who will interact with spirits for the benefit of the community. Characteristic of the Korean kingdoms of the early medieval period and of early societies of Central Asia | 46 | |
| 37089932 | Silk Road | Caravan routes connecting China and the Middle East across Central Asia and Iran. (p. 203) | 47 | |
| 37089933 | Song Empire | Empire in southern China (1127-1279; the 'Southern Song') while the Jin people controlled the north. Distinguished for its advances in technology, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics. | 48 | |
| 37089934 | Srivijaya | A state based on the Indonesian island of Sumatra, between the 7th and 11th centuries C.E. It amassed wealth and power by a combination of selective adaptation of Indian technologies and concepts, and control of trade routes | 49 | |
| 37089935 | steppe | Treeless plains, especially the high, flat expanses of northern Eurasia, which usually have little rain and are covered with coarse grass. They are good lands for nomads and their herds. Good for breeding horses: essential to Mongol military. Tang Empire Empire unifying China and part of Central Asia, founded 618 and ended 907. The Tang emperors presided over a magnificent court at their capital, Chang'an. | 50 | |
| 37089936 | technology transfer | The communication of specific plans, designs, or educational programs necessary for the use of new technologies from one society or class to another. | 51 | |
| 37089937 | Tenochtitlan | Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins. | 52 | |
| 37089938 | Teotihuacan | A powerful city-state in central Mexico (100-75 C.E.). Its population was about 150,000 at its peak in 600. | 53 | |
| 37089939 | three-field system | A rotational system for agriculture in which one field grows grain, one grows legumes, and one lies fallow. It gradually replaced two-field system in medieval Europe. | 54 | |
| 37089940 | Timbuktu | City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. As part of the Mali empire, Timbuktu became a major major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning | 55 | |
| 37089941 | Timur | Member of a prominent family of the Mongols' Jagadai Khanate, through conquest gained control over much of Central Asia and Iran. He consolidated the status of Sunni Islam as orthodox, and his descendants, maintained his empire. | 56 | |
| 37089942 | trans-Saharan Caravan Routes | Trading network linking North Africa with sub-Saharan Africa across the Sahara. | 57 | |
| 37089943 | tribute system | A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. An important component of the Aztec and Inca economies. | 58 | |
| 37089944 | tropics | Equatorial region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. It is characterized by generally warm or hot temperatures year-round, though much variation exists due to altitude and other factors | 59 | |
| 37089945 | tsar | From Latin caesar, this Russian title for a monarch was first used in reference to a Russian ruler by Ivan III (r. 1462-1505). | 60 | |
| 37089946 | universities | Degree-granting institutions of higher learning. Those that appeared in Latin West from about 1200 onward became the model of all modern universities. | 61 | |
| 37089947 | vassal | In medieval Europe, a sworn supporter of a king or lord committed to rendering specified military service to that king or lord. | 62 | |
| 37089948 | water wheel | A mechanism that harnesses the energy in flowing water to grind grain or to power machinery. It was used in many parts of the world but was especially common in Europe from 1200 to 1900. | 63 | |
| 37089949 | Yi Kingdom | The Yi dynasty ruled Korea from the fall of the Koryo kingdom to the colonization of Korea by Japan. | 64 | |
| 37089950 | Yongle | Reign period of Zhu Di (1360-1424), the third emperor of the Ming Empire (r. 1403-1424).Sponsored the building of the Forbidden City, a huge encyclopedia project, the expeditions of Zheng He, and the reopening of China's borders to trade and travel | 65 | |
| 37089951 | Yuan Empire | Empire created in China and Siberia by Khubilai Khan. | 66 | |
| 37089952 | Zen | The Japanese word for a branch of Mahayana Buddhism based on highly disciplined meditation. It is known in Sanskrit as dhyana, in Chinese as chan, and in Korean as son. | 67 | |
| 37089953 | Zheng He | An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. | 68 | |
| 37129772 | Hanseatic League | Alliance of trading cities that established and maintained a trade monopoly over most of Northern Europe and the Baltic for a time in the later Middle Ages and the Early Modern period (ie between the 13th and 17th century). | 69 |
