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A People & A Nation, Chapter 14, Reconstruction: An unfinished Revolution, 1865-1877 Flashcards

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2200451380Lincoln's 10 Percent PlanAllowed southern states back into the union if 10 percent of the male voting population pledged allegiance to the union.0
2200451381Wade-Davis BillRequired 50% of the voters of a state to take the loyalty oath and permitted only non-confederates to vote for a new state constitution; pocket vetoing, after Congress adjourned.1
2200452681Thirteenth AmendmentThe constitutional amendment that abolished slavery; passed by Congress in 1865.2
2200460953Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. AnthonyIn 1851, Stanton started working with Susan B. Anthony, two well-known abolitionist. Anthony managed the business affairs of the women's rights movement while Stanton did most of the writing. They edited and published a woman's newspaper, the Revolution, from 1868 to 1870. In 1869, Anthony and Stanton formed the National Woman Suffrage Association. They traveled all over the country and abroad, promoting woman's rights.3
2200668545Woman's Loyal national LeagueWas formed on May 14, 1863, to campaign for an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would abolish slavery.4
2200461205Freedmen's BureauCreated by Congress in March 1865, this agency had responsibility for relief, education, and employment of former slaves as well as white refugees.5
2200490150Reunion of African American FamiliesRelying on the black community in the South, thousands of former slaves began odysseys to find family members.6
2200491987General ShermanIn 1864, heavily relied on by Lincoln. Won brilliantly in Atlanta. Bascially destroyed the South. In Sherman's March he took 300-mile march to the sea from Atlanta, destroying everything in his path and freeing slaves. Also ravaged Sotuh Carolina. The South was not pleased.7
2200491988Sea IslandsLands were issued to freed slaves and their families as a part of a temporary plan granting each freed family forty acres of tillable land from this location.8
2200492975Field Order Number 15A mandate issued by General sherman that said the Sea islands and the coastal region south of Charleston by divided into parcels of 40 acres for individual freed families.9
2200494469Growth of Black educationNorthers traveled south to educate blacks. All black schools were built and taught in by African Americans10
2200495340Growth of Black churchesAfrican Americans established their own churches, which became the social center of their new freedom. African Methodist Episcopal Church, Negro Baptist churches gained members, fervent and participatory experience. Provided relief, raised funds for schools, and supported Republican policies.11
2200496780SharecroppingA system where landowners and former slaves managed a new arrangement, with tenants paying landowners a portion of their crops for the use of the land on which they farmed, thereby usually ending up in permanent debt.12
2200577820Cotton pricesIn 1835, for example, the price of cotton per pound was at a high of 16.5 cents, but by 1844, it dropped to an all time low of 5.6 cents.13
2200502683Johnson's radical viewsClosely identified with his fellow Southerners' views on slavery, Johnson disagreed strongly with their calls to break up the Union over the issue. When Tennessee left the Union, Johnson broke with his home state, becoming the only Southern senator to retain his seat in the U.S. Senate. In the South, Johnson was deemed a traitor; his property was confiscated and his wife and two daughters were driven from the state. In the North, however, Johnson's stand made him an overnight hero.14
2200503838Johnson's pardon policyThe majority of former Confederates could receive pardon for their participation in the rebellion by taking an oath swearing allegiance to the United States of America.15
2200503839Black codesLaws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War16
2200505236Radical RepublicansAfter the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South.17
2200505237Civil Rights BillA bill passed by Congress in March 1866 as a measure against the Black Codes to reinforce black rights to citizenship. It was vetoed by Johnson and was later passed as the 14th Amendment.18
2200506674Memphis and New Orleans riotsViolent events that occurred from May 1 to 3. The racial violence was ignited by tensions during Reconstruction following the American Civil War.19
2200507493Fourteenth AmendmentDefined U.S. citizens as anyone born or naturalized in the United States, barred states from interfering with citizens' constitutional rights, and stated for the first time that voters must be male.20
2200508857"Swing around the circle"Name for Johnson's political strategy in which he tried to gain the popular support of the people21
2200510523First Reconstruction Act, March 1867(1867) divided the South into military districts, granted local voting rights to African Americans, and barred former Confederate leaders from holding office.22
2200511780Tenure of Office Act1866 - enacted by radical congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a radical republican from his cabinet23
2200511781Edwin M. StantonSecretary of War appointed by Lincoln. President Andrew Johnson dismissed him in spite of the Tenure of Office Act, and as a result, Congress wanted Johnson's impeachment.24
2200514193Impeachment of Johnson1868 violated the Tenure of Office Act, but really was because of his stubborn defiance of Congress on Reconstruction. Fell one vote short25
2200515190Election of 1868Grant (Rep) defeats Seymore (Dem)26
2200516268Fifteenth AmendmentProhibited states from denying the vote to any citizen on account of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."27
2200517826Blacks in Southern government28
2200518680Myth of "Negro Rule"Southern Conservatives used economic and social pressure on blacks as well as inflammatory racist propaganda to undermine congressional Reconstruction. Despite the charge of "black domination," African Americans did not dominate or control events.29
2200518681CarpetbaggersDerogatory nickname southerners gave to northerners who moved south after the Civil War, perceiving them as greedy opportunists who hoped to cash in on the South's plight.30
2200519799ScalawagsTerm used by conservative southerners to describe other white southerners who were perceived as aiding or benefiting from Reconstruction.31
2200519800Ku Klux KlanA terrorist organization established by six Confederate war veterans that sought to reestablish white supremacy in the South, suppress black voting, and topple Reconstruction governments.32
2200522689Union League clubsA group of men's clubs established during the American Civil War to promote loyalty to the Union, the Republican Party, and the policies of Abraham Lincoln. Also known as Loyal Leagues.33
2200524190Enforcement ActsLaws that sought to protect black voters, made violations of civil and political rights a federal offense, and sought to end Ku Klux Klan violence.34
2200524191Anti-Klan lawLaw prohibiting meetings and crimes of the Ku Klux Klan35
2200526432Horace GreeleyAn American newspaper editor and founder of the Republican party. Greeley used it to promote the Whig and Republican parties, as well as antislavery and a host of reforms.36
2200527566Liberal Republican RevoltReform-minded citizens that banded together to form the Liberal Republican Party out of disgust towards President Grant. They wanted to purify Washingtons administration as well as end military reconstruction.37
2200528623Amnesty Act (1872)The Amnesty Act of 1872 removed voting restrictions and office-holding disqualification against most whites who rebelled in the United States Civil War, except for very high positions.38
2200529975Civil Rights Act (1875)An act designated to desegregate public places that lacked enforcement provisions.39
2200529976William H. Sewardsenator of NY; antislavery and argued that God's moral law was higher than the constitution40
2200531437Ex parte Milligan1866 - Supreme Court ruled that military trials of civilians were illegal unless the civil courts are inoperative or the region is under marshall law.41
2200533143The Slaughter House cases (1873)dealt with the 13th and 14th amendments; case about Louisiana had created a partial monopoly of the slaughtering business and gave it to one company.42
2200534478Myra BradwellFirst female lawyer, fought for suffrage in the courts43
22005377161876 Electionone of the most disputed and controversial presidential elections in American history. Samuel J. Tilden of New York outpolled Ohio's Rutherford B. Hayes in the popular vote, and had 184 electoral votes to Hayes's 165, with 20 votes uncounted.44
220053893015 member electoral commission45
2200538931Compromise of 1877Congress declared Republican Rutherford B. Hayes the winner, but Republicans promised to withdraw remaining troops from Southern states & no longer attempt to reshape Southern states; marked the end of Reconstruction as Democrats regained control of the South46

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