2200451380 | Lincoln's 10 Percent Plan | Allowed southern states back into the union if 10 percent of the male voting population pledged allegiance to the union. | 0 | |
2200451381 | Wade-Davis Bill | Required 50% of the voters of a state to take the loyalty oath and permitted only non-confederates to vote for a new state constitution; pocket vetoing, after Congress adjourned. | 1 | |
2200452681 | Thirteenth Amendment | The constitutional amendment that abolished slavery; passed by Congress in 1865. | 2 | |
2200460953 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony | In 1851, Stanton started working with Susan B. Anthony, two well-known abolitionist. Anthony managed the business affairs of the women's rights movement while Stanton did most of the writing. They edited and published a woman's newspaper, the Revolution, from 1868 to 1870. In 1869, Anthony and Stanton formed the National Woman Suffrage Association. They traveled all over the country and abroad, promoting woman's rights. | 3 | |
2200668545 | Woman's Loyal national League | Was formed on May 14, 1863, to campaign for an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would abolish slavery. | 4 | |
2200461205 | Freedmen's Bureau | Created by Congress in March 1865, this agency had responsibility for relief, education, and employment of former slaves as well as white refugees. | 5 | |
2200490150 | Reunion of African American Families | Relying on the black community in the South, thousands of former slaves began odysseys to find family members. | 6 | |
2200491987 | General Sherman | In 1864, heavily relied on by Lincoln. Won brilliantly in Atlanta. Bascially destroyed the South. In Sherman's March he took 300-mile march to the sea from Atlanta, destroying everything in his path and freeing slaves. Also ravaged Sotuh Carolina. The South was not pleased. | 7 | |
2200491988 | Sea Islands | Lands were issued to freed slaves and their families as a part of a temporary plan granting each freed family forty acres of tillable land from this location. | 8 | |
2200492975 | Field Order Number 15 | A mandate issued by General sherman that said the Sea islands and the coastal region south of Charleston by divided into parcels of 40 acres for individual freed families. | 9 | |
2200494469 | Growth of Black education | Northers traveled south to educate blacks. All black schools were built and taught in by African Americans | 10 | |
2200495340 | Growth of Black churches | African Americans established their own churches, which became the social center of their new freedom. African Methodist Episcopal Church, Negro Baptist churches gained members, fervent and participatory experience. Provided relief, raised funds for schools, and supported Republican policies. | 11 | |
2200496780 | Sharecropping | A system where landowners and former slaves managed a new arrangement, with tenants paying landowners a portion of their crops for the use of the land on which they farmed, thereby usually ending up in permanent debt. | 12 | |
2200577820 | Cotton prices | In 1835, for example, the price of cotton per pound was at a high of 16.5 cents, but by 1844, it dropped to an all time low of 5.6 cents. | 13 | |
2200502683 | Johnson's radical views | Closely identified with his fellow Southerners' views on slavery, Johnson disagreed strongly with their calls to break up the Union over the issue. When Tennessee left the Union, Johnson broke with his home state, becoming the only Southern senator to retain his seat in the U.S. Senate. In the South, Johnson was deemed a traitor; his property was confiscated and his wife and two daughters were driven from the state. In the North, however, Johnson's stand made him an overnight hero. | 14 | |
2200503838 | Johnson's pardon policy | The majority of former Confederates could receive pardon for their participation in the rebellion by taking an oath swearing allegiance to the United States of America. | 15 | |
2200503839 | Black codes | Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War | 16 | |
2200505236 | Radical Republicans | After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South. | 17 | |
2200505237 | Civil Rights Bill | A bill passed by Congress in March 1866 as a measure against the Black Codes to reinforce black rights to citizenship. It was vetoed by Johnson and was later passed as the 14th Amendment. | 18 | |
2200506674 | Memphis and New Orleans riots | Violent events that occurred from May 1 to 3. The racial violence was ignited by tensions during Reconstruction following the American Civil War. | 19 | |
2200507493 | Fourteenth Amendment | Defined U.S. citizens as anyone born or naturalized in the United States, barred states from interfering with citizens' constitutional rights, and stated for the first time that voters must be male. | 20 | |
2200508857 | "Swing around the circle" | Name for Johnson's political strategy in which he tried to gain the popular support of the people | 21 | |
2200510523 | First Reconstruction Act, March 1867 | (1867) divided the South into military districts, granted local voting rights to African Americans, and barred former Confederate leaders from holding office. | 22 | |
2200511780 | Tenure of Office Act | 1866 - enacted by radical congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a radical republican from his cabinet | 23 | |
2200511781 | Edwin M. Stanton | Secretary of War appointed by Lincoln. President Andrew Johnson dismissed him in spite of the Tenure of Office Act, and as a result, Congress wanted Johnson's impeachment. | 24 | |
2200514193 | Impeachment of Johnson | 1868 violated the Tenure of Office Act, but really was because of his stubborn defiance of Congress on Reconstruction. Fell one vote short | 25 | |
2200515190 | Election of 1868 | Grant (Rep) defeats Seymore (Dem) | 26 | |
2200516268 | Fifteenth Amendment | Prohibited states from denying the vote to any citizen on account of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." | 27 | |
2200517826 | Blacks in Southern government | 28 | ||
2200518680 | Myth of "Negro Rule" | Southern Conservatives used economic and social pressure on blacks as well as inflammatory racist propaganda to undermine congressional Reconstruction. Despite the charge of "black domination," African Americans did not dominate or control events. | 29 | |
2200518681 | Carpetbaggers | Derogatory nickname southerners gave to northerners who moved south after the Civil War, perceiving them as greedy opportunists who hoped to cash in on the South's plight. | 30 | |
2200519799 | Scalawags | Term used by conservative southerners to describe other white southerners who were perceived as aiding or benefiting from Reconstruction. | 31 | |
2200519800 | Ku Klux Klan | A terrorist organization established by six Confederate war veterans that sought to reestablish white supremacy in the South, suppress black voting, and topple Reconstruction governments. | 32 | |
2200522689 | Union League clubs | A group of men's clubs established during the American Civil War to promote loyalty to the Union, the Republican Party, and the policies of Abraham Lincoln. Also known as Loyal Leagues. | 33 | |
2200524190 | Enforcement Acts | Laws that sought to protect black voters, made violations of civil and political rights a federal offense, and sought to end Ku Klux Klan violence. | 34 | |
2200524191 | Anti-Klan law | Law prohibiting meetings and crimes of the Ku Klux Klan | 35 | |
2200526432 | Horace Greeley | An American newspaper editor and founder of the Republican party. Greeley used it to promote the Whig and Republican parties, as well as antislavery and a host of reforms. | 36 | |
2200527566 | Liberal Republican Revolt | Reform-minded citizens that banded together to form the Liberal Republican Party out of disgust towards President Grant. They wanted to purify Washingtons administration as well as end military reconstruction. | 37 | |
2200528623 | Amnesty Act (1872) | The Amnesty Act of 1872 removed voting restrictions and office-holding disqualification against most whites who rebelled in the United States Civil War, except for very high positions. | 38 | |
2200529975 | Civil Rights Act (1875) | An act designated to desegregate public places that lacked enforcement provisions. | 39 | |
2200529976 | William H. Seward | senator of NY; antislavery and argued that God's moral law was higher than the constitution | 40 | |
2200531437 | Ex parte Milligan | 1866 - Supreme Court ruled that military trials of civilians were illegal unless the civil courts are inoperative or the region is under marshall law. | 41 | |
2200533143 | The Slaughter House cases (1873) | dealt with the 13th and 14th amendments; case about Louisiana had created a partial monopoly of the slaughtering business and gave it to one company. | 42 | |
2200534478 | Myra Bradwell | First female lawyer, fought for suffrage in the courts | 43 | |
2200537716 | 1876 Election | one of the most disputed and controversial presidential elections in American history. Samuel J. Tilden of New York outpolled Ohio's Rutherford B. Hayes in the popular vote, and had 184 electoral votes to Hayes's 165, with 20 votes uncounted. | 44 | |
2200538930 | 15 member electoral commission | 45 | ||
2200538931 | Compromise of 1877 | Congress declared Republican Rutherford B. Hayes the winner, but Republicans promised to withdraw remaining troops from Southern states & no longer attempt to reshape Southern states; marked the end of Reconstruction as Democrats regained control of the South | 46 |
A People & A Nation, Chapter 14, Reconstruction: An unfinished Revolution, 1865-1877 Flashcards
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