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Action Potentials - AP Biology Flashcards

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8584237595Graded potential depolarizationDepolarization diffuses to the area from neighboring membrane. Na+/K+ pump active. Na+ and K+ channels closed.0
8584243951Threshold potentialPotential is positive enough to open the Na+ channel, triggering an action potential. Depolarization diffuses to area from neighboring membrane. Na+/K+ pump active, Na+ channel open. K+ channels closed.1
8584248522Depolarization2
8584251668Action potentialAt peak potential, Na+ channel closes and K+ channel opens. Na+/K+ ATPase remains active.3
8584253363RepolarizationK+ channel is open, Na+ channel is in its refractory period.4
8584255709HyperpolarizationK+ channel closes once potential drops below the resting potential.5
8584257612Refractory periodNa+ channel cannot open, so a new action potential cannot be initiated. Na+/K+ ATPase remains active, slowly restoring potential to the resting potential.6
8584261115Resting PotentialNa+/K+ pump is active. Na+ channel and K+ channel are closed.7
8584575525Electrical PotentialThe potential energy per unit of electric charge.8
8584581252Axon9
8584583926Dendrites10
8584585666Cell body11
8584589890SynapseA junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to the next.12
8584593259NeurotransmitterChemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons. Examples include dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, and GABA.13
8584617762Saltatory conductionA means by which action potentials jump from node to node along an axon.14
8584621057Node of RanvierA gap between successive segments of the myelin sheath where the axon membrane is exposed.15
8584621058Myelina fatty substance that helps insulate neurons and speeds the transmission of nerve impulses16
8584691125CurrentA flow of electric charge. In neurons, current is generated from cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+).17
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