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| 3495839474 | psychological disorders | include the range of behaviors and experiences that fall outside of social norms, create adaptational difficulty for the individual on a daily basis, and put the individual or others at risk of harm. | 0 | |
| 3495842368 | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) | the major reference used by mental health professionals in the United States and Canada to diagnose people with psychological disorders. | 1 | |
| 3495846710 | International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) | the reference guide to all medical illnesses, including psychological disorders. | 2 | |
| 3495846711 | major depressive disorder | the major symptom of which is an extremely sad mood that lasts most of the time for at least 2 weeks and is atypical of the individual's usual mood. | 3 | |
| 3495849671 | dysphoria | sad mood | 4 | |
| 3495849672 | anxiety disorder | the main characteristic includes anxiety, a sense of dread about what might happen in the future. | 5 | |
| 3495852163 | generalized anxiety disorder | the individual experiences an overall sense of uneasiness and concern without specific focus. | 6 | |
| 3495852164 | panic disorder | involves the experience of panic attacks in which people have the physical sensation that they are about to die. | 7 | |
| 3495854233 | agoraphobia | the fear of being trapped or stranded during a panic attack in a public place. | 8 | |
| 3495854234 | specific phobia | based on the individual's having an irrational fear of a particular object or situation. | 9 | |
| 3495855702 | social anxiety disorder | the individual experiences extreme anxiety about being watched by other people. | 10 | |
| 3495855703 | obsessive-compulsive disorder | characterized by unrelenting, irrational, and distracting obsessions, or repetitive thoughts and compulsions, or repetitive behaviors. | 11 | |
| 3495857522 | hoarding | people collect and store seemingly useless items that they cannot discard. | 12 | |
| 3495857523 | acute stress disorder | the diagnosis given to an indiviual whose symptoms persist for up to a month after a trauma and include the intrusion of distressing reminders of an event; dissociative symptoms, such as feeling numb or detached from others; avoidance of situations that might serve as remnders of the event; and hyperarousal, including sleep disturbances or irritability. | 13 | |
| 3495859895 | post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | the diagnosis given to people whose symptoms persist for more than a month after a trauma and include the intrusion of distressing reminders of an event; dissociative symptoms, such as feeling numb or detached from others; avoidance of situations that might serve as reminders of the event; and hyperarousal, including sleep disturbances or irritability. | 14 | |
| 3495862488 | late-onset stress symptomatology (LOSS) | a phenomenon observed in aging veterans who were exposed to stressful combat situations in young adulthood. | 15 | |
| 3495862489 | late-onset schizophrenia | a form of schizophrenia that was thought to originate in adults over the age of 45 years. | 16 | |
| 3495865301 | personality disorder | a long-standing pattern of inner experience and behavior that has maladaptive qualities. | 17 | |
| 3495865302 | psychopathy | a set of traits that include a lack of remorse and an impulsive lifestyle. | 18 | |
| 3495867496 | borderline personality disorder | a set of symptoms that include extreme instability in sense of self and relationships with others, sexual impulsivity, fear of abandonment, and difficulties controlling their emotions. | 19 | |
| 3495867497 | maturation hypothesis | the belief that people who have personality disorders that involve "immature" symptoms, such as acting out, being entitled, and having an unstable sense of self, improve or at least become more treatable later in life. | 20 | |
| 3495869919 | elder abuse | a large category of actions taken directly against older aduts that inflict physical or psychological harm. | 21 | |
| 3495873029 | professional geropsychology | the application of gerontology to the psychological treatment of older adults. | 22 | |
| 3495873030 | Pikes Peak Model of Geropsychology | a set of competencies that professional geropsychologists are expected to have when working with older adults. | 23 | |
| 3495875317 | psychological assessment | a procedure in which a clinician provides a formal evaluation of an individual's cognitive, personality, and psychosocial functioning. | 24 | |
| 3495876925 | clinical interview | a series of questions that clinicians administer in face-to-face interaction with clients. | 25 | |
| 3495876926 | mental status examination | assesses such qualities of the client as appearance, attitudes, behavior, mood and affect, speech, thought processes, content of thought, perception, cognition, insight and judgment. | 26 | |
| 3495879035 | orientation | reflects whether examinees know where they are (orientation to place), what time it is (orientation to time), and who they are (orientation to person). | 27 | |
| 3495881098 | Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) | a brief, structured tool that clinicians use as a screening device to assess dementia. | 28 | |
| 3495881099 | Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) | a depression screening instrument that asks individuals to answer a true-false set of questions about symptoms of depression. | 29 | |
| 3495885899 | Center for Epidemiological Studies Scale for Depression (CES-D) | a 20-item questionnaire that screens for depressive symptoms. | 30 | |
| 3495888360 | medical model | a perspective that focuses primarily on the physiological causes of a psychological disorder. | 31 | |
| 3495890017 | psychotherapeutic medications | an attempt to reduce an individual's psychological symptoms. | 32 | |
| 3495893139 | electroconsulsive therapy (ECT) | a method of treatment for depression in which an electric current is applied through electrodes attached across the head. | 33 | |
| 3495893140 | neuroleptics | antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia. | 34 | |
| 3495896174 | Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology | proposes that clinicians should integrate the best available research evidence and clinical expertise in the context of the cultural background, preferences, and characteristics of clients. | 35 | |
| 3495896175 | psychodynamic therapy | focuses on the client's underlying conflicts; however, these traditional models are changing, and therapists working from this framework may emphasize other issues, such as the client's attachment style. | 36 | |
| 3495898318 | life review therapy | involves helping older adults rework past experiences, both pleasant and unpleasant, with the goal of gaining greater acceptance of the past. | 37 | |
| 3495898319 | behavioral therapy | an approach that changes the reinforcements associated with the individual's behavior. | 38 | |
| 3495898320 | cognitive therapy | an approach based on the theory that clients develop psychological disorders because they have maladaptive thought processes. | 39 | |
| 3495900499 | cognitive-behavioral therapy | an approach in which the clinician encourages clients to develop more adaptive behaviors and ways of thinking about their experiences. | 40 | |
| 3495904899 | interpersonal therapy (IPT) | an approach that helps clients learn to understand and change their relationships with others. | 41 |
