2288662916 | peptidoglycan | A type of polymer in bacterial cell walls consisting of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides. | 0 | |
2288662917 | Gram stain | A staining method that distinguishes between two different kinds of bacterial cell walls. | 1 | |
2288662918 | Gram-positive | Describing the group of bacteria with a cell wall that is structurally less complex and contains more peptidoglycan than the gram-negative bacteria. | 2 | |
2288662919 | Gram-negative | Describing the group of bacteria with a cell wall that is structurally more complex and contains less peptidoglycan than that of gram-positive bacteria. | 3 | |
2288662920 | capsule | A sticky layer that surrounds the cell walls of some prokaryotes, protecting the cell surface and sometimes helping to glue the cell to surfaces. | 4 | |
2288662921 | fimbriae | A short, hairlike prokaryotic appendage that functions in adherence to the substrate or to other cells. | 5 | |
2288662922 | pili | A long, hairlike prokaryotic appendage that functions in adherence or in the transfer of DNA during conjugation. | 6 | |
2288662923 | taxis | Movement toward or away from a stimulus. | 7 | |
2288662924 | nucleoid region | The region in a prokaryotic cell consisting of a concentrated mass of DNA. | 8 | |
2288662925 | plasmids | A small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from those of a bacterial chromosome | 9 | |
2288662926 | endospores | A thick-coated, resistant cell produced within a bacterial cell exposed to harsh conditions | 10 | |
2288662927 | obligate aerobes | An organism that requires oxygen for cellular respiration and cannot live without it. | 11 | |
2288662928 | facultative anaerobes | An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions. | 12 | |
2288662929 | obligate anaerobes | An organism that cannot use oxygen and is poisoned by it. | 13 | |
2288662930 | anaerobic respiration | The use of inorganic molecules other than oxygen to accept electrons at the "downhill" end of electron transport chains. | 14 | |
2288662931 | nitrogen fixation | The assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by certain prokaryotes into nitrogenous compounds that can be directly used by plants. | 15 | |
2288662932 | biofilms | A surface-coating colony of prokaryotes that engage in metabolic cooperation. | 16 | |
2288662933 | extremophiles | A prokaryote that lives in an extreme environment; includes methanogens, extreme heliophiles, and extreme thermophiles | 17 | |
2288662934 | extreme thermophiles | A prokaryote that thrives in hot environments (often 60-80 degrees C or hotter) | 18 | |
2288662935 | extreme halophiles | A prokaryote that lives in a highly saline environment, such as the Great Salt Lake or the Dead Sea. | 19 | |
2288662936 | methanogens | A microorganism that obtains energy by using carbon dioxide to oxidize hydrogen, producing methane as a waste product. | 20 | |
2288662937 | decomposers | Any of the saprobic fungi and prokaryotes that absorb nutrients from nonliving organic material such as corpses, fallen plant material, and the wastes of living organisms, and convert them into inorganic forms. | 21 | |
2288662938 | symbiosis | An ecological relationship between organisms of two different species that live together in direct contact. | 22 | |
2288662939 | host | The larger participant in a symbiotic relationship, serving as home and feeding ground to the symbiont. | 23 | |
2288662940 | symbiont | The smaller participant in a symbiotic relationship, living in or on the host. | 24 | |
2288662941 | mutualism | A symbiotic relationship in which both participants benefit. | 25 | |
2288662942 | commensalism | A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits but the other is neither helped nor harmed. | 26 | |
2288662943 | parasitism | A symbiotic relationship in which the symbiont (parasite) benefits at the expense of the host by living either within the host (as an endoparasite) or outside the host (as an ectoparasite) | 27 | |
2288662944 | parasite | An organism that benefits by living in or on another organism at the expense of the host. | 28 | |
2288662945 | exotoxins | A toxic protein that is secreted by a prokaryote and that produces specific symptoms even in the absence of the prokaryote. | 29 | |
2288662946 | endotoxins | A toxic component of the outer membrane of certain gram-negative bacteria that is released only when the bacteria die. | 30 | |
2288662947 | bioremediation | The use of living organisms to detoxify and restore polluted and degraded ecosystems. | 31 |
Advanced Biology Chapter 27: Prokaryotes Vocabulary Terms Flashcards
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