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Aerobic Respiration Flashcards

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5216335509any cells that can use oxygenwhich cells use aerobic respiration?0
5216335510C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 +6H2Owhat is the overall equation for aerobic respiration?1
5216335511direct oxidation of glucose has a high energy of activation and is therefore not as efficientwhy are there multiple steps to aerobic respiration?2
5216335512a step wise process of a series of reactions each releasing a small amount of energy and have small energies of activationhow does the aerobic respiration get around having a high energy of activation?3
5216335513glycolysis, synthesis of acetyl Coa, Krebs cycle, electron transport chainwhat are the four steps in aerobic respiration?4
5216335514cytosolwhere does glycolysis take place?5
52163355151 molecule of glucosewhat are the starting molecules in glycolysis?6
52163355166how many carbons are present at the start of glycolysis?7
52163355172 pyruvate moleculeswhat are the ending molecules of glycolysis?8
52163355186 (3/pyruvate)how many carbons are present at the end of glycolysis?9
52163355192 ATPswhat is the energy input in glycolysis?10
52163355204 ATPs and 2 NADHwhat is the energy output in glycolysis?11
52163355214what is the net yield of glycolysis?12
5216335522kinase, isomerase, dehydrogenasewhat types of enzymes are used in glycolysis?13
5216335523matrix of mitochondriawhere does synthesis of Acetyl CoA take place?14
52163355242 pyruvateswhat are the starting molecules in the synthesis of Acetyl CoA?15
52163355256 (3/pyruvate)how many carbon atoms are present at the start of Acetyl CoA Synthesis?16
52163355262 acetyl CoA and 2 CO2what are the ending molecule in the synthesis of Acetyl CoA?17
52163355276 (2/ CoA and 1/ CO2)how many carbon atoms are present at the end of Acetyl CoA synthesis?18
5216335528nonewhat is the energy input for Acetyl CoA synthesis?19
52163355292 NADHwhat is the energy output for Acetyl CoA synthesis?20
52163355302 NADHwhat is the net yield of Acetyl CoA synthesis?21
5216335531pyruvate dehydrogenase complexwhat types of enzymes are present in Acetyl CoA synthesis?22
5216335532matrix of the mitochondriawhere doe the Krebs cycle take place?23
52163355332 acetyl CoA and 2 oxaloacetatewhat are the starting molecules in the krebs cycle?24
521633553412 (2/CoA and 4/oxaloacetate)how many carbons are present in the beginning of the krebs cycle?25
5216335535nonewhat is the energy input of the krebs cycle?26
52163355366 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 FADH, 4 CO2what is the energy output of the Krebs cycle?27
521633553710what is the net energy yield of the krebs cycle?28
5216335538citrate synthase and decarboxylasewhat are the enzymes involved in the krebs cycle?29
5216335539yesis the krebs cycle oxygen dependent?30
5216335540inner membrane of mitochondriawhere does electron transport chain take place?31
5216335541the cristae increase the surface are and thus ATP producedwhy are the cristae important to aerobic respiration?32
521633554230 ATPwhat is the net energy yield of the electron transport chain?33
5216335543oxidase, dehydrogenase, synthasewhat are the enzymes involved in electron transport chain?34
5216335544yesis electron transport chain oxygen dependent?35
5216335545electron transport chain structure36
5216335546complexes I, III, and IV pump hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane to generate the electrochemical gradienthow does the electron transport chain work?37
5216335547changes in protein conformation and energy input from electron transfer moves protons against their gradienthow do protons move against their gradient?38
5216335548they return to the mitchondrial matrix through ATP synthasewhat happens to the protons after they are pumped into the membrane?39
521633554910 protonshow many protons are pumped across the membrane for one NADH?40
5216335550ATP synthase make use of the proton potential created by the action of the electron transport chain. It transports a proton down the gradient and uses the energy to complete the phosphorylation of ADP to ATPwhat is ATP synthase important?41
5216335551NADHwhat is the electron donor for electron transport chain?42
5216335552O2what is the electron acceptor for electron transport chain?43
52163355533 ATPhow many ATP does 1 NADH make?44
52163355542 ATPhow many ATP does 1 FADH make?45
5216335555a type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high energy donor molecules to specific substrates (aka phosphorylation)what is a kinase?46
5216335556convert a molecule from one isomer to the otherwhat is an isomerase?47
5216335557oxidizes a substrate by a reduction reaction that transfers one or more hydrides to an electron acceptor, usually NAD/NADP or FADwhat is a dehydrogenase?48
5216335558catalyzes the decarboxylation (removal of carboxyl group and releases CO2) of a particular organic moleculewhat is a decarboxylase?49
5216335559cytoplasmwhere does glycolysis, Acetyl CoA synthesis and krebs take place in prokaryote?50
5216335560plasma membranewhere does electron transport take place in prokaryotes?51
52163355612 from glycolysis and 2 from krebshow much ATP is made by substrate phosphorylation?52
521633556226-28 ATPhow much ATP is made by oxidative phosphorylation?53
5216335563synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase is coupled to the transfer of electrons down the ETC that powers the H pumps to establish a proton gradientwhat is the chemiosmosis model?54
5216335564without it no pumping of protons and lose proton gradientwhy is electron flow essential to ATP synthesis?55
5216335565reduce the amount of ATP synthesized by reducing the proton gradienthow do uncoupling proteins affect ATP synthesis?56
5216335566NADH cant cross the mitochondrial membranes so electrons from NADH made during glycolysis are passed into the mitochondrial matrix using an electron shuttle systemwhy is it an electron chain instead of an NADH chain?57
52163355671. voltage gradient drives ADP-ATP exchange 2. pH gradient drives pyruvate import 3. pH gradient drives phosphate importwhat are 3 other things that the electrochemical proton gradient drives?58
5216335568its a dehydrogenase enzyme that produces 3 ATPs because it gives up its electron at a higher energy level (complex I) so more protons are pumped and able to power ATP synthasewhy does NADH only produce 3 ATPs?59
5216335569gives up its electron at Complex II so produces 2 ATPwhy does FADH produce 2 ATPs?60
5216335570A. generation of oxygen radicals ( superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical) B. highly reactive-strong oxidants (remove electrons from other molecules) C. inactivated by antioxidants (vitamins C and E, )beta carotenewhat are some dangers of electron transport chain?61
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