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AICE European History - Great War (March) Flashcards

For Ms. Brady's AICE European History class.

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820967036Balkan WarsSerbia, Greece, Bulgaria took Macedonia from the Ottomans in 1912. Serbia then fought Bulgaria in the second Balkan War in 1913 Austria intervened to stop the war. These wars were mostly territorial and were a precursor to World War I.0
820967037Berlin Conference, 1885Laid down the rules for the conquest of Africa: 1) European countries holding a coast inland. 2) Occupation must be with real troops 3) Must give notice of which countries were occupied. 4) Started the scramble for Africa.1
820967038Black HandUltra Nationalist, Serbian Society founded in 1911. Secretly supported by members of the Serbian government.2
820967039ConscriptionForced recruitment of civilians into the army to meet the needs of war.3
820967040Charles I (1887-1922)Last Austrian Emperor abdicated Nov. 1918. The next day Austria was declared a Republic as was Hungary4
820967041Entente Cordiale(1904) Britain gained control of Egypt. France gained control of Morocco. But not a written alliance only and agreement. Basically against Germany.5
820967042Archduke Franz Ferdinandheir to the Austria-Hungarian throne, was assassinated in Sarajevo, started World War I.6
820967043IsolationismNot becoming involved in global or regional events.7
820967044Joseph JoffreFrench general led the French at the Battle of the Marne in 1914.8
820967045Kaiser William IIGermany. Dismissed Bismarck in 1890. Did not renew Bismarck's treaty with Russia and "Forced" Russia to look for another ally, France.9
820967046Kruger Telegram1896, William II sent Kruger of the Transvaal a congratulatory telegram upon hearing of the failure of the Jamison Raid. Alerted Britain of the dangers from Germany.10
820967047V. I. LeninBelieved in Marxist Socialism: 1) Believed capitalism must be destroyed. 2) A social revolution was possible in backward Russia. 3) The need for highly trained workers partly controlled by revolutionaries like himself.11
820967048League of NationsAllies worked out terms for peace with Germany, 1919, precursor to the United Nations.12
820967049LusitaniaSunk in 1915 by a German submarine. 139 American killed. Forced Germany to stop submarine warfare.13
820967050Battle of the MarneA major French victory against the invading German army at the start of WWI. In reality lost Germany the war.14
820967051Morocco Crisis, 1911After the French received Morocco, Germany demanded an international conference- German bullying forced England and France closer. Germany gained nothing.15
820967052Nicholas IIthe last tsar. Wanted supreme rule of army and government. Led the armies to defeat. Forced to abdicate in 1917 by the Duma.16
820967053Gavrilo PrincipThe assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria, a member of the Black Hand17
820967054Treaty of Brest-LitovskTreaty between Bolsheviks and Germans to get Russia out of the war. 1) Russia lost 1/3 of her population. 2) height of German success in WWI. Signed by Lenin.18
820967055Treaty of VersaillesNegotiated by the Big Three Germany was stripped of colonies Alsace and Loraine given back to France. Poland was reconstituted as a state. Polish corridor would split Prussia from Germany. The Saar region would be French for 15 years. Heavy repercussions (not specified until later.)19
820967056Battle of Verdun1916 German assault on the French fortress- turned into a battle of attrition France won.20
820967057Triple Entente1914, Great Britain, France, and Russia.21
820967058Wilson's Fourteen PointsPresident Wilson's Peace proposal in 1918 stressed national self-determination and the rights of the small countries. Freedom of the seas and free trade. Clemenceau said, "God only had ten."22
820967059Woodrow WilsonU.S. President, who led USA into WWI. He proposed the 14 points. He attended the peace conference at Versailles.23
820967060Zimmerman TelegramGerman Arthur Zimmerman sent a telegram to the German minister in Mexico City telling him to promise the Mexican President German help if Mexico went to war with the U.S. the telegram was intercepted and decoded by the British, shocked the American public.24
820967061Army Order #1Issued by the Petrograd Soviet shipped offices of their authority and placed the power in the hands of elected committees of common soldiers.25
820967062Bloody SundayIn Russia 1905 Russian soldiers inadvertently opened fire on demonstrators, turning them against the tsar. Possibly the start of the Revolution.26
820967063Bolsheviks"Majority group"27
820967064ChekaSecret police set up by Lenin-arrested "enemies of the revolution".28
820967065Decembrist RevoltUprising in Russia mainly soldiers soon suppressed-first manifestation of the modern revolutionary movement inspired by ideology.29
820967066DumaPopular parliament.30
820967067Fundamental LawsIssued by the Russian Government in 1906. The tsar retained great power. The Duma was elected by universal male suffrage. The Upper House could pass laws but the Tsar had veto power.31
820967068Alexander KerenskyHeaded the Provisional Government in 1917. Refused to redistribute confiscated landholdings to the peasants. Thought fighting the war was a national duty.32
820967069General KornilovWanted to be the savior of Russia. Tried to stage a coup-demanded the resignation of all ministers Kerensky ordered him to turn over command. But soldiers refused to follow him.33
820967070Kronstadt RevoltRebellion of previously loyal sailors at the naval base. Suppressed by the military. After the revolt Lenin introduced the N.E.P.34
820967071March RevolutionBolsheviks become the leaders of Russia.35
820967072Mensheviks'Minority group'.36
820967073MirPeasant village assembly responsible to the government.37
820967074October ManifestoIssued in Russia because of fear of a general strike. Granted full civil rights and a popular parliament- Duma.38
820967075"Peace, Bread, and Land"Lenin's slogan in the Revolution. Peace from the war; Land for the peasants; Food for all.39

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