This SHOULD be done! If you see any ID's missing, just email me and let me know and I'll change it! Also, there may be two of the same ID on here, sorry about that! Often times and ID was done twice.
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| 264735610 | Portuguese Exploration | Group of Europeaners who were some of the first to participate in Exploration. Prince Henry the Navigator set up the School of Navigation in 1419 to help encourage ____________ ____________. | |
| 264735611 | Powhatan | Indian chief of 25,000 Indians who lived in Jamestown; worked with settlers and John Smith. Daughter was Pocahontas | |
| 264735612 | Opechancanough | Successor to Powhatan; wanted to get ride of English settlers | |
| 264735613 | Pilgrims | Group of Puritans who founded the Plymouth colony in 1620; fled England in search of Religious Freedom | |
| 264735614 | Puritans | Group of English settlers led by John Winthrop; sailed over on the Arabella in 1630; left England in search of religious freedom | |
| 264735615 | Dutch West India Company | company established by Henry Hudson in the early 1600s; created a monopoly in the US of trading with natives | |
| 264735616 | Roger Williams | Puritan in the 1630s who was the first to discuss the separation of Church and State; eventually exiled from colony and moved to Rhode Island | |
| 264735617 | Transatlantic Slave Trade | The trade of African Slaves to the new world starting in 1500 | |
| 264735618 | New Amsterdam/New Netherlands | Area of land that is present day New York, Connecticut, Delaware, and New Jersey; first settled by Henry Hudson; Dutch heritage | |
| 264735619 | Rhode Island | Colony created by Roger Williams and Anne Hutchison; both fled for speaking against the church | |
| 264735620 | Conquistadors | Spanish "conquers" of the New World in the 1500s | |
| 264735621 | John ROLFE | Husband of Pocahontas; THINK MOVIE "POCAHONTAS" | |
| 264735622 | John Winthrop | first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony; developed the idea of separation of church and state and creation of "City on a Hill" | |
| 264735623 | Glorious Revolution | Passing of rule in England from Catholic to Protestant control in 1685; also a time when Parliament was making restrictions on the amount of power that Kings could have (they now had to follow the law too) | |
| 264735624 | Sir Walter Raleigh | Englishman who established the Roanoke colony in 1584 by receiving a charter from Queen Elizabeth I; colony failed | |
| 264735625 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of goods, ideas, and diseases between the Americas, Europe, and Africa during the Age of Exploration (15th c. - 17th c.) | |
| 264735626 | William Bradford | Author of "Aboard the Mayflower" | |
| 264735627 | New Sweden | land established by Peter Minut in 1638 as a place for Sweden in the New World; Governor was Johan Pritz | |
| 264735628 | Jamestown | Colony in VA founded by John Smith in 1607; failure in first couple of years: people starved, stole, died | |
| 264735629 | God, gold, glory | 3 main reasons for European exploration | |
| 264735630 | Connecticut | colony created by joining New Haven and Hartford; created for religious freedom | |
| 264735631 | Walking Purchase | Unfair land agreement in 1737 between Pennsylvania and Indians: Indians agreed to let PA have as much land as they could walk over in 36 hours | |
| 264735632 | Quakers | group of people in 17th-18th c. who believed in religious freedom and equality for all; state of PA was founded mainly for these people | |
| 264735633 | Pueblo Revolt of 1680 | revolt of Pueblo Indians against Spanish missionaries in 1680 | |
| 264735634 | Squanto | leader of Wampanoag tribe who aided Pilgrims | |
| 264735635 | Bacon's Rebellion | revolt led by Nathaniel Bacon in 1673 to fight for the removal of Indians from their land; he and many supporters were hanged | |
| 264735636 | Half-Way Covenant | in 1662:system that allowed the baptism of grandchildren of the immigrants from the Great Migration | |
| 264735637 | Encomienda System | Attempt at enslavement of Native Americans by the Spanish | |
| 264735638 | Mayflower Compact | first basic form of a governing doc. written for America in 1620; signed by Pilgrims that landed at Plymouth | |
| 264735639 | Massachusetts Bay Colony | first colonies established in New World (aside from Jamestown); had slightly more success than Jamestown | |
| 264735640 | "Black Legend" | a set of ideas created by Spain's enemies in Europe; said that Spain was cruel and mistreated Indians; opposite of the truth | |
| 264735641 | Samuel Champlain | explorer of the Great Lakes and established Quebec in 1600s | |
| 264735642 | Anne Hutchison | Female member of Massachusetts Bay Colony who was banished for speaking against Church; helped establish Rhode Island | |
| 264735643 | Aztecs and Incans | Native empires in central and south America; Cortez and Pizarro were responsible for the defeat of the two nations | |
| 264735644 | Salem Witch Trials | trials that took place in Salem, MA in 1691; believed Satan was poisoning the minds of people | |
| 264735645 | Henry Hudson | explorer who worked for Dutch East India Co; tried to find a passage to India but ended up settling NY for Dutch | |
| 264735646 | Maryland | colony founded by British in Chesapeake Bay area in 1630s; ruled by Cecilius Calvert | |
| 264735647 | Pennsylvania | colony founded by William Penn for Quakers (essentially) | |
| 264735648 | Willim of Orange and Mary | King and Queen of England that assumed the thrown to issue a Protestant govt; signed English Bill of Rights | |
| 264735649 | Great Awakening | religious revivals that occurred during early 1700s; main leader was George Whitfield | |
| 264735650 | Johnathan Edwards | an american theologian and congregational clergyman whose sermons stirred the religious revival called the GREAT AWAKENING known for siners in the hands of an angry god sermon | |
| 264735651 | mercantilism | economic theory that says that govt. should control economy | |
| 264735652 | Stono Rebellion | slave rebellion in 1739 in Stono, SC; marched to FL killing whites | |
| 264735653 | Enlightenment | Intellectual and Social revolution that took place in the 18th c. after one similar to Europe's. | |
| 264735654 | Sir Edmund Andros | appointed governor of NY in 1670s; later appointed ruler of Dominion of New England; overthrown and jailed in 1689 | |
| 264735655 | Lord Baltimore II | Carried on his father's legacy by completing the establishment of Maryland as a place for Catholics | |
| 264735656 | Albany Plan of Union | first document that tried to unify colonies in 1750s; first proposed by Benjamin Franklin at Albany Congress | |
| 264735657 | Pontiac's Rebellion | Rebellion of Ottawa Indians in Ohio Country to try and prevent whites from settling their; let by Chief Pontiac | |
| 265131401 | Navigation Acts | Acts passed by England on the colonies in the mid 1600s as a way to make a profit off of them (there were three of them) | |
| 265131402 | Writs of Assistance | Act passed by England as a way to control smuggling of goods from America to West Indies; Act said that govt. could search ships without warrant | |
| 265131403 | Treaty of Paris of 1763 | Treaty signed that ended French and Indian War | |
| 265131404 | Proclamation of 1763 | Treaty established by British govt. saying that there wouldn't be any further settlement west of the Appalachian Mtns.; result of Pontiac's rebellion | |
| 265131405 | Georgia | colony originally founded in 1763 and named after King George II; settled by James Ogelthorpe; place for poor and prisoners | |
| 265131406 | King George III | King of England during America's quest for Independence | |
| 265131407 | Benjamin Franklin | main figure of American Enlightenment; conducted experiments with lightening; drafted "Albany Plan of Union" | |
| 265131408 | Joint-Stock Company | name for a company that has shareholders; started during 17th c. | |
| 265131409 | John Singleton Copley | famous American painter of18th c.; painted many political figures | |
| 265131410 | James Ogelthorpe | philanthropists from England who founded Georgia in 1700s | |
| 265131411 | Headright System | system established in 17th c. as a way to bring more people to work in America by promising them 50 acres of "headright" (land) | |
| 265131412 | French and Indian War | War in 1750s between France (with Indians) and England over who would have dominant power in New World | |
| 265131413 | New York Restraining Act of 1767 | Act created by England specifically in response of NY's refusal to follow acts; said that NY couldn't have an assembly until they complied | |
| 265131414 | Declaratory Act of 1766 | Act created by England declaring they had the right to tax the colonies | |
| 265131415 | Benedict Arnold | American General who ended up becoming a traitor for the British in 1770s | |
| 265131416 | Baron Von Steuben | German General hired by Americans to come train the soldiers; greatly helped the army | |
| 265131417 | General Burgoyne | British General who was supposed to blockade New England during Revolutionary War, but his group was so slow that Americans were able to get ahead and defeat him | |
| 265131418 | Thomas Jefferson | Virginian President who wrote the Declaration of Independence; against slavery | |
| 265131419 | Sugar Act | Act in 1764 that Replaced Molasses Act; said that all imports had to go through Britain | |
| 265425403 | Stamp Act Congress | Congress in 1765 who opposed the stamp act | |
| 265425404 | Suffolk Resolves | meeting in 1774 that brought together the Committee of Correspondence against the Massachusetts government; felt that the state's rights were being revoked by British; boycott | |
| 265425405 | Articles of Confederation | document that proposed a unicameral congress during 18th century; failed because of the extent of its weaknesses | |
| 265425406 | Revenue Act | Act in 1764 that stated that goods could only be traded with England | |
| 265425407 | First Continental Congress | first governing body of US; group that met in response to the Coercive Acts; met in Philadelphia in 1774; passed Suffolk Resolves | |
| 265425408 | Common Sense | Pamphlet that criticized the British govt; written by Thomas Paine | |
| 265425409 | Thomas Hutchison | man who's house in Massachusetts was attacked by a mob in 1775; he and his family were nearly killed for supporting the Stamp Act | |
| 265425410 | Hessians | German troops who helped British during Revolutionary War | |
| 265425411 | Boston Massacre | riot that took place in Boston between citizens and Royal troops; snowballs were thrown but the brawl turned into the death of 5 men | |
| 265425412 | Committee of Correspondence | committee that was formed to help prevent new taxes on the colonies; aided in many rebellions (including Boston Tea Party) | |
| 265425413 | Land Ordinances of 1785 | (2) governing decrees written by Jefferson that established self-governed regions in the west in 1785; second one also regulated the sell of land north of Ohio River | |
| 265425414 | Olive Branch Petition | last plea for peace sent to King George III from Continental Congress; neither parties agreed to it | |
| 265425415 | Sons of Liberty | Group started in response to Stamp Act; led the way in boycotting British imports; Sam Adams was head of the Boston group | |
| 265425416 | Robert Morris | first Secretary of Finance in United States; helped stabilize the economy and set up Bank of North America | |
| 265425417 | Phase III | The phase of the Revolutionary War when the British tried to divide and conquer the south by exploiting the social tensions there | |
| 265425418 | Northwest Ordinance of 1785 | Ordinance in 1785 that added 3-5 new states to US; also said land couldn't be taken without consent of Indians | |
| 265425419 | Abigail Adams | wife of John Adams and mother of John Quincy Adams | |
| 265425420 | Treaty of Paris | Treaty signed that officially ended the Revolutionary War in 1783 | |
| 265425421 | John Dickinson | a founding father from PA that wrote "Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania"; said that taxes for revenue rather than regulation of trade were bad | |
| 265425422 | John Locke | 17th c. English Enlightenment philosopher who offered the ideas of the social contract, tabula rasa, and natural rights of man | |
| 265425423 | John Adams | 2nd president of US; federalist | |
| 265425424 | Intolerable Acts | Set of Acts in 1774 imposed on colonies (mainly Massachusetts) by British in response to Boston Tea Party; included Quartering Act and Quebec Act | |
| 265425425 | Declaration of Rights and Grievances | Document of complaints created by colonies (First Continental Congress) in response to Intolerable Acts; protested and sent doc. to King George III | |
| 265425426 | France, Spain, Netherlands | Three European allies of America during Revolutionary war | |
| 265425427 | Tea Act | Act in 1773 that allowed East India Company to sell cheap tea to the colonies putting many merchants out of business | |
| 265425428 | Quebec Act | Act in 1773 that extended border of Quebec to Ohio River | |
| 265425429 | Ethan Allen | lead the Green Mountain boys against New York and New Hampshire Landlors | |
| 265425430 | Henry Clinton | General in British army during 1770s and 80s; was unable to aid Cornwallis at Yorktown because he was blockaded by Washington | |
| 265425431 | Townshend Acts | tax created by Prime Minister Charlie Townshend in 1767 on colonies; it was similar to internal taxes on goods but it was external to make it seem more agreeable to colonists; didn't work | |
| 265425432 | Boston Tea Party | Colonists form of protests against Tea Act in 1773; dressed as Indians and dumped tea into Boston harbor | |
| 265425433 | Virtuous Republic | model for which first US government wanted to base themselves off of; main goal was unity and representation of the people | |
| 265445704 | Stamp Act | first internal act placed on colonies by British in 1765; people had to by a special stamp for all legal documents | |
| 265445705 | Patrick Henry | Virginian delegate who said, "Give me liberty, or give me death!" | |
| 265445706 | Saratoga | city where the battle between Burgoyne and Washington took place in 1777; Washington won because Burgoyne and his men moved slowly on their journey their | |
| 265445707 | Gaspee Affair | event that took place in 1772 when 50 disguised Americans captured and burned British Lieutenant Dudlington's ship, the Gaspee | |
| 265445708 | Valley Forge | place where Washington's troops were stationed during the winter of 1777; little food and harsh conditions; two thousand died there | |
| 265445709 | Trenton and Princeton | two major battle that took place at the beginning of the Revolutionary war in New Jersey; Washington won both | |
| 265445710 | George Greenville | Prime Minister of Britain in 1762 who passed Sugar Act, Currency Act, and Stamp Act to gain popularity among English (and King George III) | |
| 265445711 | Frederick Lord North | British Prime Minister who was in office from 1770-1781 and who passed the Tea Act | |
| 265445712 | Fort Ticonderoga | place where one of the first battles of the war (after Lexington and Concord) took place; Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain boys surrounded and captured it | |
| 265445713 | Marquis de Lafayette | French Major General in French Royal Army who was a loyal supporter to America; biggest accomplishment was aiding blockage of Cornwallis' troops at Yorktown | |
| 265445714 | Lord Cornwallis | General in British Army during Revolutionary War; had to surrender at Yorktown | |
| 265445715 | Galloway Plan | plan established by Joseph Galloway at the end of the Revolutionary War; suggested that America stay a part of the British empire in order to avoid internal conflict in country | |
| 265445716 | Phase I | Phase of Revolutionary War where the British fought to cut north off from the south; fighting was mainly in the north | |
| 265445717 | Republican Motherhood | Role of Women during Revolutionary war; were supposed to raise strong, republican children and take care of household | |
| 265445718 | Quartering Act | Act established by British on colonies in 1765 that said that all colonists had to house and feed British Soldiers | |
| 265445719 | Paul Revere | American folk hero who alerted Massachusetts that British Troops were marching towards Lexington and Concord; yelled, "The British are coming, the British are coming!" | |
| 265445720 | Nathaniel Greene | man known as the "Fighting Quaker" during the Revolutionary war; never won a single battle but was one of most important generals during the war | |
| 265941240 | Judiciary Act of 1789 | Act agreed on by Congress that specified the structure of the branch of federal courts; separated courts into Criminal and Federal | |
| 265941241 | Shay's Rebellion | rebellion led by Daniel Shay in protest to taxes and foreclosure of farms | |
| 265941242 | Alien and Sedition Acts | Two Acts created by Congress in 1798 that made immigration to the US more difficult and prohibit anyone from writing or speaking against government | |
| 265941243 | Midnight Justices | group of judges that were appointed by John Adams the night before he left office | |
| 265941244 | John Marshall | 4th chief justice of the Supreme Court; served for 34 years (longest term in history); most famous involvement was in XYZ affair and "Marbury v. Madison" | |
| 265941245 | Louisiana Purchase | land purchase made by Jefferson in 1803; doubled size of United States | |
| 265941246 | Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | declarations formed in response to Alien and Sedition Acts; said that these two states could nullify federal laws that they saw as unconstitutional | |
| 265941247 | John Adams | 2nd President of US; Federalist; created peace with France | |
| 265941248 | Twelfth Amendment | Amendment passed in 1804 after Burr and Jefferson tied in the presidential election; redid the election process so that a tie would not be possible again | |
| 265941249 | XYZ Affair | meeting between French government and John Marshal, Elbridge Gerry, and Charles Pinckney in attempts to make amends; French were rude and mocked US ambassadors | |
| 265941250 | Dolly Madison | wife of James Madison who saved a portrait of George Washington when the White House was burning | |
| 265941251 | Hamilton's Economic Plan | Economic Plan written in 1790s by John Hamilton that mapped out 5 steps to building an economically stable country | |
| 265941252 | General "Mad" Anthony Wayne | General in US army who was successful in the dissipation of Indians in the mid-western territory; Battle at Fallen Timbers; Treaty of Greenville | |
| 265941253 | Essex Junto | Secret political group in the early 1800s that supposedly wanted to separate themselves from the Union and create their own country; Aaron Burr was suspected to be a part of this group | |
| 265941254 | Federalist | political group in the 1800s that wanted a strong central government | |
| 265941255 | Anti-Federalist | political group in the 1800s that wanted strong state governments | |
| 265941256 | Bill of Rights | document written in 1787 that protected the rights of American citizens and protected them from government oppression | |
| 265941257 | Constitutional Convention | meeting that took place after Shay's rebellion; out of "meeting" came the Constitution | |
| 265941258 | Samuel Chase | a Federalist whom the Supreme Court tried to impeach in the early 1800s on unreasonable accusations | |
| 265941259 | Jay's Treaty | Treaty between England and America where England agreed to remove all troops from US and repair damaged American ships; negotiated by John Jay | |
| 265941260 | Pickney's Treaty | Treaty between Spanish and America allowing US to trade on lands in between App. Mountains and Mississippi River | |
| 265941261 | Fugitive Slave law of 1793 | Law passed in late 18th c. that said that slave hunters could capture runaway slaves in any state and return them | |
| 265941262 | Report on Public Credit and Report on Manufacturers | book written by Hamilton in which he outlined his economic plans | |
| 265941263 | Whiskey Rebellion | rebellion that broke out in Washington's early years as president; Pennsylvanians revolted in response to Excise tax on whiskey; Washington had to send troops to put down rebellion | |
| 265941264 | Tripolitan War | War between pirates of Barbary States and US (under Jefferson) in 1801 because of the plundering of ships by pirates; US won | |
| 265941265 | Federalist Papers | 85 essays written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay about the want to ratify the Constitution in 1787 | |
| 265941266 | Articles of the Constitution | articles added to the constitution that outlined the powers of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, etc. | |
| 265941267 | Eleventh Amendment | amendment written in 1790s that removed federal jurisdiction when a citizen or foreign country was suing a state | |
| 265941268 | John Randolph | Virginian Congressman who served as speaker for the House until he left to become leader of the Quids | |
| 265941269 | Yazoo land scandal | conflict when Georgia's governor and state legislatures sold land in present day Mississippi to political insiders for unreasonably cheap prices; led to "Fletcher v. Peck" court case | |
| 265941270 | Embargo Act | Act passed by Jefferson in 1807 in attempts to gain respect from Europe; prohibited any foreign trade; caused a downfall in economy | |
| 265941271 | War Hawks | young men who were eager for war prior to the War of 1812; thirsted for war | |
| 265941272 | Robert Fulton | inventor of the steamboat | |
| 265941273 | Erie Canal | waterway opened in 1825 that connected Lake Erie to Hudson river; "Marriage of Waters" | |
| 265941274 | Treaty of 1818 | treaty signed after War of 1812 that finally clarified borders of land owned by the US and England; negotiated by Albert Gallatin for US | |
| 265941275 | Monroe Doctrine | declaration stated by President Monroe during his annual address; said that the US would no longer tolerate European occupation in neither North nor South America | |
| 265941276 | Adams-Onis Treaty | treaty between John Q. Adams and Spain in which the US acquired Florida | |
| 265941277 | Missouri Compromise | agreement to prohibit slavery in the newly purchased Missouri/ Louisiana Territory; ruled unconstitutional | |
| 265941278 | National Road | road created to connect Maryland and WV; first federal sponsored hwy | |
| 265941279 | Tallmadge Amendment | Amendment proposed by James Tallmadge in 1819; proposed the children of slaves be born free and slaves should be freed after age 25; didn't pass through the Senate | |
| 265941280 | Panic of 1819 | mini-economic depression in the US beginning in 1819 after the surge in available land outwest | |
| 265941281 | American System | economic plan created by Henry Clay in the early 1800s; similar to Hamilton's Economic Plan; proposed a new tariff, national bank, and federal subsidies for internal improvements | |
| 265941282 | Era of Good Feelings | time period of one party politics during James Monroe's Presidency; time of prosperity economically and politically in US | |
| 265941283 | Fire bell in the Night | Jefferson described the Missouri Compromise as a "________ ______ ___ ____ ______" | |
| 265941284 | Tariff of 1816 | (1816) first tariff imposed on American economy that was for the benefit of US businesses; designed to prohibit a flood of foreign goods; also known as Dallas Tariff | |
| 265941285 | Zebuloun Pike | American explorer in the early 1800s who ventured through Mississippi, the Arkansas River, and Louisiana Territory; got lost frequently | |
| 265941286 | Charles de Tallyrand | French foreign minister who demanded for a bribe from Americans during XYZ affair before meeting with them; involved in Louisiana Purchase too | |
| 265941287 | Charles Finney | most well known figure from the Second Great Awakening; preached "fire and brimstone" throughout North in 1830s | |
| 265941288 | Burned-Over District | Area of NY during 1830s that had a high concentration of revivalist; birth place of Mormon Church, Seventh Day Adventists, and Oneida community | |
| 265941289 | Second Great Awakening | Evangelical religious revival during the 1830s; led by Charles Finney | |
| 265941290 | James Fenimore Cooper | author of "Last of the Mohicans" | |
| 265941291 | Washington Irving | author of "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" | |
| 265941292 | Noah Webster | author of "An American Dictionary of the English Language" | |
| 265941293 | Benevolent Empire | effort of Protestant denominations to Christianize the country and the world in the 19th century | |
| 265941294 | Eli Whitney | Inventor of the Cotton Gin | |
| 265941295 | John Quincy Adams | 6th President of US; son of John Adams; served as Monroe's Sec. of State | |
| 266539087 | Henry Clay | politician from Kentucky; ran but lost in the 1824 election; responsible for swinging the vote to be in favor of John Quincy Adams; became Adams secretary of state | |
| 266539088 | Henry Thoreau | transcendentalist who wrote "Walden" and "Resistance to Civil Disobedience" | |
| 266539089 | Specie Circular | Act passed by Jackson in 1836 that required all banks to only accept hard money; resulted in Panic of 1837 | |
| 266539090 | Indian Removal Act | Act implemented by Andrew Jackson in 1830 forcing the Indians cede their land in the south and move west | |
| 266539091 | Tariff of Abominations | Tax imposed by Jackson in 1828 as a form of protest against John Q. Adams; raised taxes on imports and export; north liked it, south didn't | |
| 266539092 | Second Party System | Second split of political parties in 1834 over the 2nd National Bank debate and "King" Andrew Jackson, John C. Calhoun led southern revolt; creation of Whig Party | |
| 266539093 | Cherokee | this Indian nation occupied land in Southeastern states; tried to become recognized as a nation (didn't work); won case in Worcester v. GA; traveled Trail of Tears | |
| 266539094 | American Anti-Slavery Society | society developed in the north in 1833 in hopes of abolishing slavery | |
| 266539095 | American Bible Society | society formed in 1816 with a goal to make the bible more accessible and easier to understand; president was John Jay | |
| 266539096 | Transcendentalism | Idea or philosophical way of living that evolved in New England from 1830-1860; main ideas were spirituality in nature, individualism, revolt against tradition, civil disobedience, and brotherhood; hint: Ralph Waldo Emerson and David Thoreau | |
| 266539097 | Anti-Masonic Party | a political party developed in 1826 to protest the official cover-up of the suspected murder of a defecting Mason; wanted Masons out of political offices | |
| 266539098 | Election of 1828 | the election that is seen today as one of the "meanest" in US history; between Jackson and J.Q. Adams; lots of "muddslinging" | |
| 266539099 | Second Bank of the US | bank led by Nicholas Biddle; Jackson thought it was corrupt, other govt. officials supported it | |
| 266539100 | Panic of 1837 | panic that was the result of the Specie Circular; depression that lasted 5 years | |
| 266539101 | Treaty of New Echota | Treaty signed by 100 Indians in 1835 agreeing to give their land to the govt and move west.; Cherokee leaders were outraged and said treaty wasn't valid because those who signed it were in no position of power | |
| 266539102 | Nicholas Biddle | head of 2nd Bank of the US | |
| 266539103 | Common Man | term for the ordinary, hard working citizen coined by Jackson during his campaign and presidency; Jackson himself was a prime example of this | |
| 266539104 | Nullification Crisis | argument between SC (mainly Calhoun) and President Jackson; Calhoun declared the Tariff of Abominations null and void and wouldn't recognize it in SC; didn't pass through Senate | |
| 266539105 | Utopian Communities | Communities built in the early 1800s that sought to restore social harmony and bring individualism to both the rich and the poor; named after Thomas Moore's novel "Utopia" | |
| 266539106 | Dorthea Dix | Massachusetts schoolteacher who was one of the leading advocates of equality for women and slaves; also an advocate of mental institutions for the mentally insane | |
| 266539107 | Ralph Waldo Emerson | American author during 19th c.; responsible for the quote, "the shot heard round the world"; author of books, "Nature" and "Self-Reliance" | |
| 266539108 | Martin Van Buren | Jackson's Sec. of State and VP from NY; elected President in 1836 | |
| 266539109 | William Crawford | Monroe's Sec. of Treasury; ran for President (but didn't get it) in 1824; candidate selected by Republican Caucus | |
| 266539110 | Spoils System | system first used by Jackson where the President appoints close friends and votes to positions in govt. | |
| 266539111 | Kitchen Cabinet | name of the group of political advisers to Jackson after his cabinet left because of the Peggy Eaton affair; informal group | |
| 266539112 | Rotation in Office | system that Jackson implemented during his presidency in which public office positions were frequently changed between Jackson's supporters; allowed for new ideas and more people to have influence on govt. | |
| 266539113 | Alamo | battle between Mexico and Texas in 1836; led by General Santa Anna for Mexico; everyone on the Texan side was killed; battle cry during Mexican American War originated from this battle | |
| 266539114 | San Jacinto | Battle in 1836 between Texas and Mexico led by Sam Houston on the Texan side; Texans won in a short 18 minutes | |
| 266539115 | Sam Houston | led the Battle of San Jacinto for Texan side; former governor of TN; argued with US govt for annexation of TX | |
| 267682838 | Republic of Texas | name of the "country" of TX once it gained its independence from Mexico in 1836 | |
| 267682839 | Election of 1840 | election of Van Buren v. William Henry Harrison; "Tippecanoe and Tyler too!"; Harrison won | |
| 267682840 | Stephen Austin | Virginian born man who moved to TX in early 1800s; famous Mexican "empersarios" (land speculator); encouraged Americans to move to TX | |
| 267682841 | Texas Revolution | revolution that lasted from 1835-1836 when TX was fighting for their independence | |
| 267682842 | General Antonia Lopez de Santa Anna | Mexican dictator during 1800s; leader of Mexican army during TX Revolution; sent in troops at the Alamo (give his full name!) | |
| 267682843 | Charles Fourier | French philosopher of Utopian socialism; suggested people share and have communal property while keeping some personal possessions | |
| 267682844 | John Humphrey Noyes | minister who created the Oneida community in 1848; community turned out to be disastrous | |
| 267682845 | Joseph Smith | man who claimed to have heard prophesies from an angel; wrote the "Book of Mormon" and founded Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints; basically created Mormonism | |
| 267682846 | Election of 1844 | election between Henry Clay (Whig) and James K. Polk (Democrat); Polk won | |
| 267682847 | Fifty-Four Forty or Fight | Polk's slogan for his quest of Manifest Destiny (type out words of numbers) | |
| 267682848 | Oregon Trail | trail that Lewis and Clark traveled on to reach Pacific Ocean; thousands of pioneers ultimately traveled it out west; hint: ITS A VIDEO GAME TOO! | |
| 267682849 | Horace Greely | New Hampshire born man who created the "New Yorker" in 1834 and later the "New York Tribune" | |
| 267682850 | Manifest Destiny | the idea that people are ordained or destined by God to conquer and expand across as much land as they can | |
| 267682851 | Thomas Hart Benten | Senator who argued for the "graduation" side of the "distribution and graduation" plans in the 1820s; his idea was to gradually sell govt. land for cheaper and cheaper then ultimately give the unsold land away for free | |
| 267682852 | John Slidell | senator sent by Polk to Mexico to make the Rio Grande River the border of Mexico and TX; also sent to offer $30 million to Mexico for CA and NM which Mexico refused | |
| 267682853 | James K. Polk | President from TN; won the 1844 election; responsible for annexation of TX and CA | |
| 267682854 | Zachary Taylor | General during Mexican American war; defeated Santa Anna at Battle of Buena Vista; won 1848 Presidential election | |
| 267682855 | Election of 1848 | first election that include the Free Soil Party; Dem. candidate was Lewis Cass, FSP candidate was Van Buren, Whig candidate was Zachary Taylor; Taylor won | |
| 267682856 | Wilmot Proviso | declaration proposed by congressman David Wilmot of PA; said that lands acquired from Mexico should be free; didn't pass through Senate | |
| 267682857 | Gadsden Purchase | land purchase made in 1853 that created the the boundaries of the US against the Mexican border; bought by James Gadsden | |
| 267682858 | Stephen Kearney | General in US army that led the occupation of Santa Fe after the annexation of CA in 1846 | |
| 267682859 | Winfield Scott | US General who was responsible for capturing Mexico's capitol city in 1847 during the Mexican American war | |
| 267682860 | Treaty of Gudalupe Hidalgo | Treaty between Mexico and America that ended the Mexican American war and recognized the US annexation of TX and gave US many western states | |
| 267682861 | Webster-Ashburton Treaty | treaty in 1842 that settled border in the north (Maine) with the British | |
| 267682862 | Margaret Fuller | advocate for women's education in the 1800s; editor for "The Dial" and critic for the "New York Tribune" | |
| 267682863 | Nathaniel Hawthorne | author of "The Scarlet Letter" | |
| 267682864 | Ann Lee Stanley | leader of the Shakers; believed she was the incarnation of Christ; known as "Mother Ann" | |
| 267682865 | Temperance Movement | movement that began in the 1820s-1840s that prohibited drinking; Christian Church saw it as sinful; led to Prohibition in the 1900s | |
| 267682866 | Beecher Family | famous family during the second half of the 1800s who was well educated and prominent in society; similar to Kennedy's; write of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was a member of this family | |
| 267682867 | Frederick Douglas | former slave who was greatly involved in abolitionist movement; he supported woman's suffrage as well; wrote his own biography | |
| 267682868 | William Seward | governor of NY who opposed slavery; claimed that slavery would split the country; Lincoln was nominated over him for Republican candidacy | |
| 267682869 | Lincoln-Douglas Debate | debate between presidential candidates Lincoln and Douglas in 1858 over freedom and its meaning | |
| 269487990 | Matthew Perry | commander known to his troops as 'Old Bruin'; second in command of a blockading squadron under Commodore David Conner during Mexican War in 1846; known also for expanding US trade relations to Japan | |
| 269487991 | Lewis Cass | dem. party candidate for 1848 election; supporter of pop. sovereignty; eventually was Buchanan's Sec. of State | |
| 269487992 | Ostend Manifesto | agreement signed between the United States and Spain in 1854 in Ostend, Belgium; treaty called for US to purchase Cuba | |
| 269487993 | Harriet Tubman | former female slave who escaped and became leader in Underground Railroad; never got caught; hint: One of my favorite people EVER | |
| 269487994 | Compromise of 1850 | compromise proposed by Henry Clay that said: CA would enter Union as a free state, slave trade would be abolished in DC, southerners could reclaim runaway slaves, and land acquired from Mexico received pop. sovereignty | |
| 269487995 | Fugitive Slave Act | Act proposed in 1793 made federal judges responsible for helping return runaway slaves | |
| 269487996 | Kansas-Nebraska Act | Act written by Stephen Douglas in 1854 that gave Kansas and Nebraska pop. sovereignty to determine their slavery status | |
| 269487997 | Harriet Beecher Stowe | author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" | |
| 269487998 | Millard Filmore | 13th President of United States; became President after Zachary Taylor died | |
| 269487999 | Election of 1852 | election between Democrat: Franklin Pierce, Whig: Winfield Scott, and Free-Soil: John Parker Hale; Pierce won by a landslide | |
| 269488000 | Election of 1856 | election between Democrat: James Buchanan, Republican: John C Fremont, and American Party (Know Nothing): Fillmore; Buchanan won; first election in which a Republican ran | |
| 269488001 | Charles Sumner | senator from MA who was brutally beat with a cane by Preston Brooks for ridiculing and making fun of of Brook's uncle during a speech | |
| 269488002 | John Fremont | one of the first senators of CA; first Republican candidate to run in a presidential election in 1856 | |
| 269488003 | Bleeding Kansas | time period in 1854 in Kansas and Nebraska when govt. decided that pop. sovereignty would determine slavery; abolitionist were threatened with violence; attack on Lawrence; John Brown's Massacre; over 200 died | |
| 269488004 | LeCompton Constitution | constitution written in 1857 in a town in Kansas that supported slavery in the state; Constitution did not pass and caused Kansas to remain a territory until 1861 | |
| 269488005 | Sack of Lawrence | 1856 violent outbreak in Lawrence, Kansas by Border Ruffians on the free-soil town; killed 2 men and burned homes and businesses | |
| 269488006 | Pottawatomie Massacre | 1856 Massacre performed by an abolitionist, John Brown, and his followers after the Sack of Lawrence; thought he received messages from God to end slavery; 5 men died | |
| 269488007 | John Brown | extreme abolitionist during the 1850s who was deeply religious and a firm believer in the anti-slavery movement; responsible for Pottatomie Massacre and raid at Harper's Ferry | |
| 269488008 | John Brown's Raid | attack on Harper's Ferry by John Brown and his men in 1859 in attempts to gain arsenal supplies; defeated by Robert E. Lee | |
| 269488009 | Roger Taney | Chief Justice during the Dred Scott v. Stanford case; ruled that only white men were citizens therefore making blacks property; heightened the slavery issue even more | |
| 269488010 | Know-Nothing Party | political party formed during Pierce's campaign in 1852; made up of Nativists, anti-Catholics, and anti-immigrants; if asked if they were in the party, they said, "I Know Nothing" | |
| 269488011 | Republican Party | political party formed in 1852; united in opposition to slavery; first candidate of this party to run was John Fremont | |
| 269488012 | Stephen Douglas | Illinois senator who developed the idea of Popular Sovereignty in the 1850s; ran against Lincoln for Presidency | |
| 269488013 | Election of 1860 | election between Lincoln, Douglas, Breckenridge, and Bell; Lincoln won | |
| 269488014 | Gold Rush | a race out west when gold was discovered in 1849 at Sutter's Mill; increased pop. of CA significantly |
