Britain and its Colonies
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| 628372913 | Virginia Company | A joint stock enterprise that King James I chartered in 1606. Two divisions: First Colony of London & Second Colony of Plymouth. The company was to spread Christianity in the New World as well as find ways to make profit in it to free themselves from their dependence on Spain. They placed first permanent colony in 1607- Jamestown. | 0 | |
| 628372914 | Chief Powhatan Wahunsonacock | He was called this by the English after the name of his tribe, and was the powerful, charismatic chief of numerous Algonquian -speaking towns in eastern VA representing over 10,000 Indians. He developed trade with the English exchanging cornn and hides for hatchets, swords, and muskets. | 1 | |
| 628372915 | Captain John Smith | A swashbuckling soldier of fortune with rare powers of leadership and self-promotion, he was appointed to the resident council to manage Jamestown. He imposed strict discipline and forced labor ("he that will not work shall not eat"), bargained with indians, and explored and mapped the Chesapeake region. | 2 | |
| 628372916 | Opchancanough | The brother and successor of Powhatan who led his tribe in an attempt to repel the English settlers in Virginia 1622. | 3 | |
| 628372917 | Bacon's Rebellion | Unsuccessful 1676 revolt led by a planter against Virginia governor William Berkley's administration, because he wouldn't displace Indians to give up more land. | 4 | |
| 628372918 | Proprietary Colony | A colony that is owned by an individual rather than a joint-stock company. Maryland was the first, granted to Lord Baltimore. | 5 | |
| 628372919 | Puritains | English religious group that sought to purify the church of England; founded the Massachusettes Bay Colony. | 6 | |
| 628372920 | John Winthrop | Puritain leader and governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony who resolved to use the colony as a refuge for persecuted Puritains and as an instrument of building a "wilderness Zion" in America and creating a "city upon a hill" as an example to England of what a godly community it could be. MBC was self-governing. | 7 | |
| 628372921 | Roger Williams | He arrived in Massachusetts from England in 1631 and was the first to cause problems. He was the purest of Puritans, troubled by the failure of Massachusetts nonconformists to repudiate the "whorish" Church of England entirely. He cherished liberty and believed that the true covenant was between god and the individual. He also believed in separation of church and state would ensure complete purity of the church. Because of his ideas , the General Court banished him to England but Gov. Winthrop allowed him to sneak away with his family and a few followers to find settlement among Indians. | 8 | |
| 628372922 | Anne Hutchinson | The articulate, strong-willed, and intelligent wife of a prominent Boston merchant, who espoused her belief in direct divine revelation (.the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through church elders) She quarreled with the Puritan leaders over her beliefs; and they banished her from the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1637. Her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639. | 9 | |
| 628372923 | Pequot War of 1637 | Massacre in 1637 and subsequent dissolution of the Pequot Nation by Puritain settlers, who seized the Inidan's lands. Left over Indians refused to give up their lands. MA and CN colonists set fire to a Pequot village and shot everyone fleeing. | 10 | |
| 628372924 | King Philip (a.k.a. Metacomet) | The chief of the Wampanoags, who the colonists called ___________. He resented English efforts to convert Indians to Christianity and waged a war against English colonists in which he was killed. The colonists were victorious in his war and gained religious control over Natives. | 11 | |
| 628372925 | New Netherland | Dutch colony conquered by the English to become four new colonies; New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. | 12 | |
| 628372926 | Iroquois League | An alliance of the Iroquois tribes that used their strength to force Europeans to work with then in the fur trade and to wage war across what is today Eastern North America. | 13 | |
| 628372927 | Quakers | George Fox founded their religion in 1847. They rejected the use of formal sacraments and ministry, refused to take oaths, and ambraced pacifism. Fleeing persecution, they settled and established the colony of Pennsylvania. | 14 | |
| 628372928 | British Colonization Give info. | Profits from minerals and exotic products was the over-riding objective of the joint-stock Virginia Company, organized to finance the 1607 Jamestown venture. Proprietary coloines (MD, NC, SC) were given to individuals who desired wealth but did not usually become colonists themselves. The colonies were also an outlet for Britain's poor. | 15 | |
| 628372929 | Jamestown Hardships Give info. | The early years of Jamestown were grim b/c food was in short supply except when the Powhatans provided corn. However, relations with the Indians deteriorated, culminating in an Indian uprising in 1622. English investors searched for profits from minerals and trade with Indians, not from agriculture. A high mortality rate caused a scarcity of labor. | 16 | |
| 628372930 | Religion and Colonization Give info | Religion was the primary motivation for the founding of several colonies. Plymouth- founded by separatists on a mission to build a Christian commonwealth outside the Anglican church. Mass Bay-created by Puritans who wished to purify the established church. RI was established bu Roger Williams, a religious dessenter from MA. MD was founded as a refuge for English Catholics. William Penn, a Quaker, founded PA and invited Europe's persecuted religious sects to his colony. The Dutch, with their policy of toleration, allowed members of all faiths to settle in New Netherland. | 17 | |
| 628372931 | Native American Relations Give info. | Settler-Indian relations were complex. Trade w/ the Powhatans in VA enabled Jamestown to survive its early years, but brutal armed conflicts occurred as settlers invaded Indian lands. Puritans retaliated harshly against Indian resistance in the Pequot War of 1637 and in Kind Phillip's War from 1675-1676. Only Roger Williams & William Penn treated natives as equals. Conflicts in NC &SC- the Tuscarora & Yamasee Wars- occurred bc of Indian slave trade and other abuses by traders. France & Spain used natives to further their imperial ambitions, which allowed the Native Americans to play European powers against each another. | 18 | |
| 628372932 | British America Give info. | By 1700, England was a great trading empire. British America was the most populous and prosperous of N. America. Commercial rivalry between the Dutch and the English led to war., during which the Dutch colony of New Netherland surrendered to the English in 1664. Native allies, such as the Iroquois, traded pelts for English goods. By relying increasingly on slave labor, the Southern colonies provided England with tobacco and other plantation crops. | 19 |
