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| 27310173 | Bank Holiday | All the banks were ordered to close until new laws could be passed. An emergency banking law was rushed through Congress. The Law set up new ways for the federal government to funnel money to troubled banks It also required the Treasury Department to inspect banks before they could re-open. | |
| 27310174 | Emergency Banking Act | March 9, ended banking crisis and restored some measure of confidence to banks. Banks could not reopen until inspection by Treasury Department representative | |
| 27340210 | Agricultural Adjustment Act | Gave farmers money to reduce crop size to lower production and bring up the value of crops | |
| 27340211 | The Radio President | FDR was the first pres. to master the use of the radio; friendly "fireside chats" kept the public informed of new improvements to the nation; FDR would explain his programs and plans to the people, which helped build public confidence in the admin. | |
| 27340213 | NIRA | Created the NRA and the PWA; let industry establish regulations, production guidelines, and competition codes; supervised business policy; let workers unionize; was ruled as unconstititutional in 1935 | |
| 27340214 | Public Works Administration | Created for both industrial recovery and for unemployment relief. Headed by the Secretary of Interior Harold L. Ickes, it aimed at long-range recovery and spent $4 billion on thousands of projects that included public buildings, highways, and parkways. | |
| 27340215 | Schecter Decision | decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that invalidated regulations of the poultry industry according to the nondelegation doctrine and as an invalid use of Congress's power under the commerce clause. | |
| 27340216 | Tennessee Valley Authority | A relief, recovery, and reform effort that gave 2.5 million poor citizens jobs and land. It brought cheap electric power, low-cost housing, cheap nitrates, and the restoration of eroded soil. | |
| 27340217 | Glass-Steagall Act | established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and included banking reforms, some of which were designed to control speculation | |
| 27469967 | Truth in Securities Act | Passed by Congress to restore confidence in the stock market, required corporations issuing new securities to provide full and accurate information about them to the public. | |
| 27469968 | Federal Emergency Relief Administration | Provided direct relief in the form of food and clothing to the neediest people hit by the depression - unemployed, ill, and aged | |
| 27469969 | Pump priming | Government action taken to stimulate the economy, as spending money in the commercial sector, cutting taxes, or reducing interest rates | |
| 27469970 | Civilian Conservation Corps | Gave young unemployed men jobs in fixing land and erosion problems. | |
| 27469971 | Federal Housing Administration | A federal agency established in 1943 to increase home ownership by providing an insurance program to safeguard the lender against the risk of nonpayment. Currently part of HUD. | |
| 27469972 | Second New Deal | Reorganized federal program for jobless relief. Assistance to rural poor,Supp for org labor, social welfare benefits for elder, stricker business reg, heavier taxes on wealthy. | |
| 27469973 | Popular Front | Political group active in aiding the leftist forces in the Spanish Civil War. Earnest Hemingway and other prominent American intellectuals and writers joined the group | |
| 27469974 | Dr. Francis E. Townsend | American physician and social reformer whose plan for a government-sponsored old-age pension was a precursor of the Social Security Act of 1935. | |
| 27469975 | Social Security System | System established by the 1935 Social Security Act to provide finacial security, in the form of regular payments, to people who cannot support themselves | |
| 27469976 | Father Charles E. Coughlin | In 1930 he began radio broadcasts of his sermons, into which he gradually injected reactionary political statements and anti-Semitic rhetoric. | |
| 27469977 | Senator Huey P. Long | Senator of Louisiana developed "Share Our Wealth" plan which called for taxing heavily the rich to give every American a home and $2500/year. Assasinated in 1935 | |
| 27469978 | Holding Company Act | Roosevelt proposed an act designed to break up the great utility holding companies, and he spoke harshly of monopolistic control of their industry. | |
| 27469979 | National Labor Relations Act | A 1935 law, also known as the Wagner Act, that guarantees workers the right of collective bargaining sets down rules to protect unions and organizers, and created the National Labor Relations Board to regulate labor-managment relations. | |
| 27469980 | Industrial unionism | Idea that all people of a trade (auto, mine, etc.) should be in one union regardless of job | |
| 27469981 | John L. Lewis | United Mine Workers, created congress of Industrial Organization, helped create industrial unions | |
| 27469982 | Congress of Industrial Organization | A federation of labor union for all unskilled workers. It provided a national labor union for unskilled workers, unlike the AFL, which limited itself to skilled workers. | |
| 27469983 | Sit-down Strike | workers stop all machines and refuse to leave the factory | |
| 27469984 | Memorial Day Massacre | Republic Steel Co. South Carolina; police fire on strikers, ten died and more were wounded | |
| 27469985 | Social Security Act | Guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health | |
| 27469986 | Works Progress Administration | Largest New Deal agency, employing millions of people and affecting most every locality, especially rural and western mountain populations. It was created in April, 1935 by Presidential order, and activated with Congressional funding in July of that year | |
| 27469987 | National Youth Administration | Provided job training for the unemployed young people and part-time jobs for needy students | |
| 27469988 | Union Party | Short-lived political party in the United States, formed in 1936 by a coalition of radio priest Father Charles Coughlin, old-age pension advocate Francis Townsend, and Gerald L. K. Smith, who had taken control of Huey Long's Share Our Wealth movement after Long's assassination in 1935. Each of those people hoped to channel their wide followings into support for the Union Party, which proposed a populist alternative to the New Deal reforms of Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression. | |
| 27469989 | Court Packing Plan | Proposed plan to reform the entire federal judiciary. 35 additional district judges could speed decisions in lower courts. The age of 6 Supreme Court justices-all over 70-slowed its deliberations. For every justice of that age who did not retire, Congress should allow the President to appoint another judge to assist him. Roosevelt wanted to add to the Court liberals certain to approve New Deal Reforms | |
| 27469990 | Temporary National Economic Committee | Established to study monopoly powers and to report to Congress with its findings | |
| 27469991 | Fair Labor Standards Act | established a minimum wage of 40 cents an hour and a maximum workweek of 40 hours for business engaged in interstate commerce as well as outlawing the employment of minors. | |
| 27469992 | Broker state | Role of the government to work out conflicts among competing interests groups | |
| 27469993 | John Collier | Head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs who introduced the Indian New Deal and pushed congress to pass Indian Reorganization Act | |
| 27469994 | Marian Anderson | One of the greatest concert singers of her time. First African-American to perform at the Whitehouse. The DAR refused her use of Constitution Hall for a concert, so Eleanor Roosevelt set her up to perform at the Lincoln Memorial. | |
| 27469995 | Black Cabinet | Group of African Americans FDR appointed to key Government positions; served as unofficial advisors to the president. | |
| 27469996 | Revisionist interpretation | Reinterpretation of orthodox views on evidence, motivations and decision-making processes surrounding an historical event. The assumption of the revisionist is that the interpretation of a historical event or period as it is accepted by the majority of scholars needs a significant change. | |
| 27469997 | Cultural relativism | View that cultures have merits within their own historical and environmental contexts and they should not be judged in comparision with one's own culture | |
| 27469998 | Indian Reorganization Act | "Indian New Deal" tribes to establish local self-gov. to reserve native crafts and traditions; stop loss of Indian lands, 77 tribes refuse; 200 others sign up | |
| 27469999 | Francis Perkins | FDR appoints her to be secretary of labor; the first female cabinet holder; inspected factories after the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire | |
| 27470000 | Hattie Caraway | Senator from Arkansas, first woman to be elected to the senate | |
| 27470001 | Grand Coulee Dam | Dam begun in 1933 and finished in 1942, a total of 77 men died in its construction. For several years it was the largest provider of electricity in the world and was used in the Manhattan Project | |
| 27470002 | Federal Writers Project | Federal government project to fund written work and support writers during the Great Depression. It was part of the Works Progress Administration, a New Deal program. It was one of a group of New Deal arts programs known collectively as Federal One. |
