All key terms from the first unit of the American Pageant US history book
Terms : Hide Images
| 1000075808 | Lord Baltimore | man of a prominent English Catholic family that founded Maryland; caused the Act of Toleration to be passed by founding a Catholic settlement and causing a feud with the Protestants | |
| 1000075809 | Act of Toleration | a political act that permitted practice of Catholicism in the colonies; shaped the foundation for America's freedom of religion and helped them branch out of England's Protestant rule | |
| 1000075810 | Virginia Company | a promise of gold to settle in the New World from King James and guarantees them the same rights of Englishmen; gave settlers an incentive to settle in the New World and therefore helped increase the population of the colonies | |
| 1000075811 | John Rolfe | husband of Pocahontas and father of the tobacco industry; became a savior for the economy of the Virginia colony by mass producing tobacco products | |
| 1000075812 | James Oglethorpe | a man keen on prison reform in Georgia; saved the "Charity Colony" by repelling the Spanish and mortgaging his own personal fortune | |
| 1000075813 | Barbados Slave Code | denied even fundamental rights to slaves and gave their masters virtually complete control over them; shaped the way masters treated their slaves up until the Civil War | |
| 1000075814 | Mayflower Compact | the short agreement written by the Pilgrims to form a crude government and submit to majority rule; one of the things taken into account when writing the US Constitution was this document | |
| 1000075815 | Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams | Hutchinson-claimed that the "saved" need not follow the laws (antinomianism) Williams-popular Salem minister that questioned the Puritans' religious regulation, founded Baptism; both of them made valuable religious arguments that helped lead to the freedom of religion for all | |
| 1000075816 | Henry Hudson | man seeking greater riches that found the Hudson River and a new land for the Dutch; gained more land mass for the Dutch and the Dutch East India Co. | |
| 1000075817 | Quakers and William Penn's "holy Experiment" | Quakers-worshippers of Jesus that were shunned by Puritans; named for emotional quaking during worship W. Penn-founded Pennsylvania that accepted Quakers lots of people flocked to PA for religious toleration, therefore moving a step closer to total religious freedom | |
| 1000075818 | John Winthrop | governor of the Bay Colony that believed in the "city on a hill" covenant; helped establish Massachusetts' economy and allowed it to become the largest colony in the New World | |
| 1000075819 | Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639 | established Connecticut's government and gave power mostly to substantial citizens; modern constitution that helped shape our country's original voting laws and regulations | |
| 1000075820 | Puritans | didn't agree with the Church of England and wanted to "purify" it; first large groups of settlers to populate the New World were Puritans | |
| 1000075821 | Navigation Laws | restricted colonial trade so they could only trade with English colonies, resulting in a lot of smuggling; caused the colonies' economies to plummet and led to the Glorious Revolt, placing Protestant rulers on the throne | |
| 1000075822 | Sir Edmund Andros (Dominion of New England) | supporter of the Church of England and ruthless leader of the Dominion of New England; another factor that led to the Glorious Revolt, being driven out of the colonies and back to England | |
| 1000075823 | Separatists | extreme Puritans that wanted to completely break away from the Church of England; first group arrive in 1620 (Pilgrims) and created a very crude form of democracy in their Plymouth colony (Mayflower Compact) | |
| 1000075824 | Bible Commonwealth | located in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, heavily regulated admission (John Cotton); led to Massachusetts becoming an efficient, tightly knit community that shared common ideas of religion | |
| 1000075825 | indentured servitude | working for someone for a specified period of time in exchange for passage to the New World; the servants eventually became mutinous and led to the introduction of black slaves in the New World | |
| 1000075826 | Bacon's Rebellion | a rebellion that took place in 1676 where 1000 landless whites led by Nathaniel Bacon went down to the governor's building and caused a riot; caused wealthy landowners to be wary of indentured servants, causing African slaved to be more widely used | |
| 1000075827 | Half-Way Covenant | the groups of people that were accepted into the Puritan church, but not necessarily converted; let more people into the Puritan church and started to stray away from the originally strict codes of the Puritans, taking a small step closer to religious freedom | |
| 1000075828 | Leisler's Rebellion | a conflict between lordly landholders and aspiring merchants in New York as a reaction to Edmund Andros' cruelty; another way that wanted to resist aristocracy, but eventually failed | |
| 1000075829 | "middle passage" | the transatlantic voyage for African slaves in which they were packed tightly into boats and shipped off; set a precedent for the treatment of African slaves as property, not human beings | |
| 1000075830 | "headright" system | system in which wealthy landowners would pay for the passage of an indentured servant in exchange for 50 acres of land and their servitude; eventually led to Bacon's Rebellion and the formation of huge plantations | |
| 1000075831 | William Berkeley | the governor of Virginia who established trade with the Indians and refused to protect his people from their brutal hostility; his actions led to Bacon's Rebellion and ignited the mutiny of more indentured servants; therefore, he was a major cause of the increased use of black slaves | |
| 1000075832 | The Great Awakening | the large, widespread religious movement in the 1730s and 1740s; brought some of the first generation zeal back into the colonies and it was the first mass movement out of colonial boundaries | |
| 1000075833 | Jonathan Edwards | preacher that painted vivid pictures of God holding people over the fiery pit of hell in his sermons; basically started the Great Awakening | |
| 1000075834 | George Whitefield | very emotional preacher that moved many people, including Jonathan Edwards, to tears; kept the flames of the Great Awakening burning bright and strong | |
| 1000075835 | old and new lights | old lights-orthodox preachers new lights-preachers during the Great Awakening split up during t he Great Awakening and increased the competitiveness of American churches | |
| 1000075836 | John Peter Zenger | found not guilty when accused of libel after printing something completely true about a corrupt governor in the paper; America's first step toward freedom of the press | |
| 1000075837 | Molasses Act | designed to cease America's trade with the French West Indies; the first in a long line of cruel acts that eventually led the American colonies to revolution | |
| 1000075838 | William Pitt | British leader that conquered most North American French territory during the French and Indian War; gave Britain its first significant win during the war and eventually helped to throw the French almost entirely off the continent | |
| 1000075839 | French and Indian War | started by George Washington's attacks on the Indians in 1754 and turned into one of the largest scale conflicts of the time; shattered the myth of British invincibility and gave the colonists new hope for independence, melted colonial disunity | |
| 1000075840 | Albany Congress | a meeting called to help bolster colonial unity and attempt self-government; bolstered unity, but failed self-government because of too much compromise, thus showing that more action needed to be taken to unify | |
| 1000075841 | Peace of Paris | threw French power completely off the continent of North America; left behind a strong French minority in Canada | |
| 1000075842 | Proclamation of 1763 | British order prohibiting settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains; angered colonists and greatly increased westward settlement | |
| 1000075843 | mercantilism | the idea that money is power and the more gold or silver a country has in its treasury, the more global power it has; greatly stifled the colonies' economic growth and gave American the feeling of being controlled by the British and was therefore an important factor in starting the revolution | |
| 1000075844 | virtual v. actual representation | virtual-British members of Parliament represent all British colonies actual-colonists go to England and represent the colonies in Parliament actual representation may have left the American reps forced into an unfair law through a vast outnumbering | |
| 1000075845 | Sons of Liberty | a group of men that protested the Stamp Act through means of violence, ransacking, hanging, boycotting, and tar and feathers; led to the breaking down of Parliament, forcing them to repeal the Stamp Act | |
| 1000075846 | Parliament's Acts | taxes imposed on the colonists intended to help pay for their defense, but ended up just angering them; with that many taxes in succession, the acts got the colonists riled up enough to start a revolution | |
| 1000075847 | Boston Tea Party | December 16, 1773 where colonists dressed as Indians dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor; forced Parliament to pass the Intolerable Acts that helped ignite the flames of revolution | |
| 1000075848 | First Continental Congress (The Association) | 12 out of 13 colonies met in Philadelphia to attempt to unite the colonies, eventually called for a complete boycott of British goods; showed colonial strength and unity and was an important step in the forming of a new country | |
| 1000075849 | Boston Massacre | March 5, 1773 when provoked British troops opened fire and killed American colonists; outraged the colonists and fed the flames of revolution | |
| 1000075850 | Committees of Correspondence | committees set up in each colony to spread the spirit of resistance and communicate with other colonies; developed directly into the first American Congress | |
| 1000075851 | Richard Henry Lee | the man who penned the original Declaration of Independence that was ratified on July 2, 1776; the first formal declaration of independence from Britain was written by Lee | |
| 1000075852 | Thomas Paine's "Common Sense" | a 47-page pamphlet encouraging Americans to break away from Great Britain; sparked an interest in revolution and republican government | |
| 1000075853 | Second Continental Congress | a meeting called in 1775 to address the issue of possible war with Britain; bolstered colonial unity, as all 13 colonies had representatives present | |
| 1000075854 | Patrick Henry | a man who spoke about fighting for independence; greatly encouraged Americans to use violence against the British and forcefully break away from them | |
| 1000075855 | natural rights | rights of all mankind that cannot be taken away; justified the separation from Britain and the idea of limited self-government | |
| 1000075856 | Loyalists/Tories | Americans loyal to the British crown; Loyalists created a huge barrier in the Patriots' fight for separation from England, but were eventually suppressed and driven from the country | |
| 1000075857 | Treaty of Paris, 1783 | the document signed by the British that formally recognized the independence of the United States; officially made the colonies a new nation |
