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American Pageant 12th Edition Unit 2 Flashcards

All the key terms from Unit 2 of the American Pageant AP US History book

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346878710Society of CincinnatiContinental Army officers that attempted to form an elite group of nobles, but was quickly denounced by the American public; since most Americans shunned it, it showed that America was getting closer to equality1
346878711Federalists v. Anti-FederalistsFederalists-supporters of an entirely new US Constitution Anti-Federalists-supporters of small changes to the Articles of Confederation these were America's first two political parties2
346878712Land Ordinance of 1785sectioned off the land so that they may be sold to pay off war debt; brought some order to the way land was sold and distributed and was an early supporter of public education3
346878713Northwest Ordinance of 1787allowed any territory that had a population over 60,000 to become a state and enter the Union; began to slowly add to our country4
346878714"The Federalist"a series of papers penned by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison in favor of the Constitution; swayed New York into ratifying the Constitution and gained a large population's support on the matter5
346878715"three-fifths" compromiseallowing each slave to be counted as three-fifths of a person when determining number of representatives for a state in the House; brought the slaves a tiny bit closer to equality with the whites6
346878716strict v. loose constructionstrict-if the Constitution doesn't permit it, it prohibits it loose-if the Constitution doesn't prohibit it, it permits it separated American politicians into two major political parties7
346878717Judiciary Act of 1789established a Supreme Court with a chief justice and five associate judges, along with other courts; set up the first federal court system in the US, a precedent for national justice8
346878718Bank of the United Statesa topic supported by Alexander Hamilton but greatly opposed by Thomas Jefferson; first major split in the new form of government9
346878719Whiskey Rebellionbackcountry farmers didn't want to pay taxes on whiskey and revolted; proved the federal government needed more respect from the states if the country was going to survive10
346878720Jay Treatymade by John Jay with England, made British evacuate US forts but forced debt upon the US; strengthened the unity of the Jeffersonian political party11
346878721Neutrality Proclamationissued by George Washington in 1793, declared America a neutral country until they got stronger; caused extreme controversy and further separated the political parties12
346878722Pinckney Treatytreaty with Spain, gave Americans free reign over the Mississippi River and territory North of Florida; evened out Jay's Treaty and ceased complaints temporarily13
346878723Alien and Sedition LawsAlien-made time in US to become citizen 14 years for immigrants Sedition-prohibited badmouthing or telling lies about government officials declared unconstitutional and proved the Constitution's ability to work for the people14
346878724Washington's Farewell Addressprinted in 1796 and opposed political parties and permanent alliances; marked the end of two terms and set a precedent for presidents' term limits except for FDR15
346878725Virginia and Kentucky Resolutionsstated that the states had the overall say as to whether the national government was following its "compact"; used by many states to oppose the Alien and Sedition Acts16
346878726Treaty of GreenvilleIndians gave up Northwest Territory for money, right to hunt, etc.; gave Indians a more equal status with the Americans17
346878727XYZ affairwhen American men were bribed to talk with a French leader in the hope of forming an alliance; enraged Americans and destroyed their relationship with France18
347450404nullificationrefusal to accept the Alien and Sedition Acts; later used by southerners to secede from the union19
347450405"Midnight Judges"judges appointed by John Adams in the evening on the last day of his term; repealed almost immediately by Jefferson and bolstered the overall dislike of the Federalists20
347450406Chesapeake incidentBritain attacked an American ship, killing, wounding, and kidnapping their men; plunged America into a deeper desire for war with Britain21
347450407Marbury v. Madisona case in which a judge wanted his commission, chief justice Marshall decided the verdict; declared a federal law unconstitutional and gave the Supreme Court the ultimate power to do so22
347450408Embargo Actprohibited US trade with all foreign nations, passed to prevent a war; greatly damaged the US economy and drove some parts of the union to talk of secession23
347450409Non-Intercourse Acta watered-down version of the Embargo Act, aimed at only Britain and France; was the breaking point for America and launched them headlong into the War of 181224
347450410Macon's Bill No. 2reopened American trade with Britain, but if either repealed its commercial restrictions, it would restore the embargo on the other country; eventually led both countries to repeal their restrictions25
347450411War Hawksyoung hotheads in the south and west hungry for a war; took political office and eventually led the country into the War of 181226
347450412Tecumseha Shawnee Indian chief who wanted to create an Indian confederacy in North America; recruited many people to his side and, in his absence, allowed his army to be defeated at the Battle of Tippecanoe27
347450413John MarshallSupreme Court chief justice appointed by John Adams; set many precedents for the way the US Constitution is currently interpreted28
347450414Hartford Conventiona gathering of New England states that demanded a 2/3 vote for embargoes, new states, and war, and demanded financial assistance; eventually led to the death of the Federalist party29
347450415McCulloch v. MarylandMaryland attempted to destroy the Bank of the United States by taxing it; Marshall ruled it unconstitutional, as the states hadn't the power to tax the BUS30
347450416Gibbons v. Ogdena dispute over whether it was legal to operate a steamboat over a few states (monopoly); Marshall ruled that only Congress had the power to regulate interstate commerce31
347450417Fletcher v. Peckstate legislature tried to revoke a corrupt land grant in Georgia; Marshall ruled that states could not change a contract, legitimate or not32
347450418Dartmouth v. WoodwardNew Hampshire tried to change a charter issued by King George III; Marshall ruled that you cannot change charters, as they are legal agreements33
347450419Missouri Compromiselet Missouri in as a slave state, Maine as a free state, no slave states above 36 degrees 30'; kept sacred balance in the Senate between free and slave states34
347450420Monroe Doctrinepromoted noncolonization from and nonintervention with other countries; referred to when making many important subsequent decisions in America35
347450421"revolution of 1828"the election of Jackson as president and the mixing of notables with nobodies; slowly moved the country from Jeffersonian simplicity to Jacksonian "vulgarity"36
347450422"corrupt bargain" (1824)when Clay influenced the House of Representatives to vote for Adams rather than Jackson as president; set an "acceptable" level of corruption going on in the government because Clay was put into Sec. of State after Adams was elected president37
347450423South Carolina Expositiona pamphlet written anonymously by John C. Calhoun declaring the Tariff off 1828 unconstitutional; displayed tension between SC and the federal government which eventually led to SC's secession from the Union38
347450424Twelfth Amendmentgave a close presidential election to the House of Representatives to be decided; allowed Henry Clay to carry out the "corrupt bargain" of 182439
347450425"Trail of Tears"the path that Indians took when they were driven onto special reservations; set a precedent for Americans pushing Indians farther and farther west, building much tension between the groups40
347450426Whig partyhaters of Jackson that formed a conservative political party that supported internal improvements and a market economy; began a durable 2-party system in America41
347450427"pet" banksstate institutions where surplus federal funds were stored; led to a buildup of paper money and to Specie Circular (and, eventually, the Panic of 1837)42
347450428cult of domesticitya cultural creed that glorified the woman's position in the home; eventually led to the independence of women and power given to them43
347450429cotton gininvented by Eli Whitney, milled cotton in an efficient manner; revolutionized the South's economy and caused a cotton boom and raised the necessity of slaves in the South44
347450430Commonwealth v. Huntcourt case in Massachusetts that declared labor unions constitutional; set a precedent for the increasing number of labor unions in America45
347450431Second Great Awakeningswept the nation into religious fervor in the 1830s; widened the lines between the rich and the poor46
347450432Women's Rights Conventionheld in Seneca Falls with Elizabeth Cady Stanton as the main speaker; started an uproar of women's rights movements47
347450433Dorothea Dixwent around to insane asylums and fought against horrible treatment of patients; heavily influenced prison and asylum reform48
347450434Elizabeth Cady Stanton/Susan B. Anthonywomen that fought for women's rights; got many people involved in the women's rights movement49
347450435Mormons/Joseph Smitha religion started by Joseph Smith that relocated to Utah in the 1840s; continued the theme of westward expansion50

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