All the key terms from Unit 2 of the American Pageant AP US History book
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| 346878710 | Society of Cincinnati | Continental Army officers that attempted to form an elite group of nobles, but was quickly denounced by the American public; since most Americans shunned it, it showed that America was getting closer to equality | 1 | |
| 346878711 | Federalists v. Anti-Federalists | Federalists-supporters of an entirely new US Constitution Anti-Federalists-supporters of small changes to the Articles of Confederation these were America's first two political parties | 2 | |
| 346878712 | Land Ordinance of 1785 | sectioned off the land so that they may be sold to pay off war debt; brought some order to the way land was sold and distributed and was an early supporter of public education | 3 | |
| 346878713 | Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | allowed any territory that had a population over 60,000 to become a state and enter the Union; began to slowly add to our country | 4 | |
| 346878714 | "The Federalist" | a series of papers penned by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison in favor of the Constitution; swayed New York into ratifying the Constitution and gained a large population's support on the matter | 5 | |
| 346878715 | "three-fifths" compromise | allowing each slave to be counted as three-fifths of a person when determining number of representatives for a state in the House; brought the slaves a tiny bit closer to equality with the whites | 6 | |
| 346878716 | strict v. loose construction | strict-if the Constitution doesn't permit it, it prohibits it loose-if the Constitution doesn't prohibit it, it permits it separated American politicians into two major political parties | 7 | |
| 346878717 | Judiciary Act of 1789 | established a Supreme Court with a chief justice and five associate judges, along with other courts; set up the first federal court system in the US, a precedent for national justice | 8 | |
| 346878718 | Bank of the United States | a topic supported by Alexander Hamilton but greatly opposed by Thomas Jefferson; first major split in the new form of government | 9 | |
| 346878719 | Whiskey Rebellion | backcountry farmers didn't want to pay taxes on whiskey and revolted; proved the federal government needed more respect from the states if the country was going to survive | 10 | |
| 346878720 | Jay Treaty | made by John Jay with England, made British evacuate US forts but forced debt upon the US; strengthened the unity of the Jeffersonian political party | 11 | |
| 346878721 | Neutrality Proclamation | issued by George Washington in 1793, declared America a neutral country until they got stronger; caused extreme controversy and further separated the political parties | 12 | |
| 346878722 | Pinckney Treaty | treaty with Spain, gave Americans free reign over the Mississippi River and territory North of Florida; evened out Jay's Treaty and ceased complaints temporarily | 13 | |
| 346878723 | Alien and Sedition Laws | Alien-made time in US to become citizen 14 years for immigrants Sedition-prohibited badmouthing or telling lies about government officials declared unconstitutional and proved the Constitution's ability to work for the people | 14 | |
| 346878724 | Washington's Farewell Address | printed in 1796 and opposed political parties and permanent alliances; marked the end of two terms and set a precedent for presidents' term limits except for FDR | 15 | |
| 346878725 | Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | stated that the states had the overall say as to whether the national government was following its "compact"; used by many states to oppose the Alien and Sedition Acts | 16 | |
| 346878726 | Treaty of Greenville | Indians gave up Northwest Territory for money, right to hunt, etc.; gave Indians a more equal status with the Americans | 17 | |
| 346878727 | XYZ affair | when American men were bribed to talk with a French leader in the hope of forming an alliance; enraged Americans and destroyed their relationship with France | 18 | |
| 347450404 | nullification | refusal to accept the Alien and Sedition Acts; later used by southerners to secede from the union | 19 | |
| 347450405 | "Midnight Judges" | judges appointed by John Adams in the evening on the last day of his term; repealed almost immediately by Jefferson and bolstered the overall dislike of the Federalists | 20 | |
| 347450406 | Chesapeake incident | Britain attacked an American ship, killing, wounding, and kidnapping their men; plunged America into a deeper desire for war with Britain | 21 | |
| 347450407 | Marbury v. Madison | a case in which a judge wanted his commission, chief justice Marshall decided the verdict; declared a federal law unconstitutional and gave the Supreme Court the ultimate power to do so | 22 | |
| 347450408 | Embargo Act | prohibited US trade with all foreign nations, passed to prevent a war; greatly damaged the US economy and drove some parts of the union to talk of secession | 23 | |
| 347450409 | Non-Intercourse Act | a watered-down version of the Embargo Act, aimed at only Britain and France; was the breaking point for America and launched them headlong into the War of 1812 | 24 | |
| 347450410 | Macon's Bill No. 2 | reopened American trade with Britain, but if either repealed its commercial restrictions, it would restore the embargo on the other country; eventually led both countries to repeal their restrictions | 25 | |
| 347450411 | War Hawks | young hotheads in the south and west hungry for a war; took political office and eventually led the country into the War of 1812 | 26 | |
| 347450412 | Tecumseh | a Shawnee Indian chief who wanted to create an Indian confederacy in North America; recruited many people to his side and, in his absence, allowed his army to be defeated at the Battle of Tippecanoe | 27 | |
| 347450413 | John Marshall | Supreme Court chief justice appointed by John Adams; set many precedents for the way the US Constitution is currently interpreted | 28 | |
| 347450414 | Hartford Convention | a gathering of New England states that demanded a 2/3 vote for embargoes, new states, and war, and demanded financial assistance; eventually led to the death of the Federalist party | 29 | |
| 347450415 | McCulloch v. Maryland | Maryland attempted to destroy the Bank of the United States by taxing it; Marshall ruled it unconstitutional, as the states hadn't the power to tax the BUS | 30 | |
| 347450416 | Gibbons v. Ogden | a dispute over whether it was legal to operate a steamboat over a few states (monopoly); Marshall ruled that only Congress had the power to regulate interstate commerce | 31 | |
| 347450417 | Fletcher v. Peck | state legislature tried to revoke a corrupt land grant in Georgia; Marshall ruled that states could not change a contract, legitimate or not | 32 | |
| 347450418 | Dartmouth v. Woodward | New Hampshire tried to change a charter issued by King George III; Marshall ruled that you cannot change charters, as they are legal agreements | 33 | |
| 347450419 | Missouri Compromise | let Missouri in as a slave state, Maine as a free state, no slave states above 36 degrees 30'; kept sacred balance in the Senate between free and slave states | 34 | |
| 347450420 | Monroe Doctrine | promoted noncolonization from and nonintervention with other countries; referred to when making many important subsequent decisions in America | 35 | |
| 347450421 | "revolution of 1828" | the election of Jackson as president and the mixing of notables with nobodies; slowly moved the country from Jeffersonian simplicity to Jacksonian "vulgarity" | 36 | |
| 347450422 | "corrupt bargain" (1824) | when Clay influenced the House of Representatives to vote for Adams rather than Jackson as president; set an "acceptable" level of corruption going on in the government because Clay was put into Sec. of State after Adams was elected president | 37 | |
| 347450423 | South Carolina Exposition | a pamphlet written anonymously by John C. Calhoun declaring the Tariff off 1828 unconstitutional; displayed tension between SC and the federal government which eventually led to SC's secession from the Union | 38 | |
| 347450424 | Twelfth Amendment | gave a close presidential election to the House of Representatives to be decided; allowed Henry Clay to carry out the "corrupt bargain" of 1824 | 39 | |
| 347450425 | "Trail of Tears" | the path that Indians took when they were driven onto special reservations; set a precedent for Americans pushing Indians farther and farther west, building much tension between the groups | 40 | |
| 347450426 | Whig party | haters of Jackson that formed a conservative political party that supported internal improvements and a market economy; began a durable 2-party system in America | 41 | |
| 347450427 | "pet" banks | state institutions where surplus federal funds were stored; led to a buildup of paper money and to Specie Circular (and, eventually, the Panic of 1837) | 42 | |
| 347450428 | cult of domesticity | a cultural creed that glorified the woman's position in the home; eventually led to the independence of women and power given to them | 43 | |
| 347450429 | cotton gin | invented by Eli Whitney, milled cotton in an efficient manner; revolutionized the South's economy and caused a cotton boom and raised the necessity of slaves in the South | 44 | |
| 347450430 | Commonwealth v. Hunt | court case in Massachusetts that declared labor unions constitutional; set a precedent for the increasing number of labor unions in America | 45 | |
| 347450431 | Second Great Awakening | swept the nation into religious fervor in the 1830s; widened the lines between the rich and the poor | 46 | |
| 347450432 | Women's Rights Convention | held in Seneca Falls with Elizabeth Cady Stanton as the main speaker; started an uproar of women's rights movements | 47 | |
| 347450433 | Dorothea Dix | went around to insane asylums and fought against horrible treatment of patients; heavily influenced prison and asylum reform | 48 | |
| 347450434 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton/Susan B. Anthony | women that fought for women's rights; got many people involved in the women's rights movement | 49 | |
| 347450435 | Mormons/Joseph Smith | a religion started by Joseph Smith that relocated to Utah in the 1840s; continued the theme of westward expansion | 50 |
