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| 109922543 | John Tyler | Harrisons V.P. & became 10th President of U.S. when Harrison died 1841-1845, President responsible for annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from Polk, opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery(Amer. System) | |
| 109922544 | James Polk | 1844 President known for promoting Manifest Destiny., 11th president, his expansionism led to the Mexican War and the annexation of California, Oregon Territory (54'40 or fight) and Texas. | |
| 109922545 | Caroline and Creole Incidents | Caroline was a ship that was raided By British on the St. Lawrence When Americans rallied support to send weapons to instigate a Revolt. Creole was a slvae ship that was raided in the Bahamas by Slave, brought worry from the Slave Nations. | |
| 109922546 | Aroostook War | It was over the Maine boundary dispute. The British wanted to build a road from Halifax to Quebec. It ran through land already claimed by Maine. Fights started on both sides and they both got their local militia. It could have been a war, but it never proceeded that far. | |
| 109922547 | Webster Ashburton Treaty | 1842,a compromise over the Maine boundary; America received more land but England got the Halifax-Quebec route;us gained more land including iron ore in MN, britain gained halfax/ quebec route, settled boundry disputes in the North West, fixed most borders between US and Canada, | |
| 109922548 | Zachary Taylor | "old rough and ready" (12th pres.)Whig president, Southern slave holder, & war hero (mexican-american war)?buena vista. Won the 1848 election. Did not address the issue of slavery at all on his platform. He died during his term and his vice president was millard fillmore. | |
| 109922549 | Nicholas Trist | Sent as a special envoy by President Polk to Mexico City in 1847 to negotiate an end to the Mexican War. Settled upon the Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo w/out permission. | |
| 109922550 | Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo | Mexico sold the U.S. all of the southwest(including New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Arizona, Nevada and California) for $15 million so that it would not look like conquest. It was drawn up by Nicholas P. Trist and sent to congress. The anti slavery congressmen passed the treaty and signed it on February 2nd, 1848. | |
| 109922551 | James Slidell | U.S. and Mex were on unfriendly terms. The disagreement came over boundaries along TX and in CA. He was sent to Mexico in 1845 as a minister, given instructions to offer $25 million to the Mexicans for CA. Was rejected by Mexicans and they called this offer "insulting".Lead to the Mex-American war. | |
| 109922552 | "spot resolutions" | 1846,Congressman Abraham Lincoln (Spotty Lincoln) supported a proposition to find the exact spot where American troops were fired upon, suspecting that they had illegally crossed into Mexican territory. In Polk's report to congress he stated that the U.S. soldiers fell on U.S. soil,they actually fell on disputed territory that Mexico had historical claims to. | |
| 109922553 | Harriet Tubman | American abolitionist. Born a slave on a Maryland plantation, she escaped to the North in 1849 and became the most renowned conductor on the Underground Railroad, leading more than 300 slaves to freedom in her 19 trips. | |
| 109922554 | Webster's 7th of March Speech | Webster gave one of his most famous speeches, characterizing himself "not as a Massachusetts man, nor as a Northern man but as an American..." In it he gave his support to the compromise, which included the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 that required federal officials to recapture and return runaway slaves. | |
| 109922555 | William Seward | Purchased Alaska for 7.2 million dollars. People called his purchase "Seward's Folly." Also believed in a "higher law" above the constitution and was staunchly anti-slavery. | |
| 109922556 | Compromise of 1850 | Daniel Webster; it abolished the slave trade in the District of Columbia, admitted California as afree states and opened much of the Mexican Cession to popular sovereignty | |
| 109922557 | Millard Fillmore | 13th President of U.S., from 1850-1853, and the last member of the Whig Party to hold that office. Succeeded Zachary Taylor., compromise of 1850, California becomes a free state, territories chose popular sovereignty, Uncle Tom's Cabin. | |
| 109922558 | Franklin Pierce | Demo President 1852-56; policy of foreign expansionism; envoy to Japan open door policy and supported creation of new markets in China; Ostend Manifesto; wanted to free Cuba from Spanish control; promoted Kansas-Nebraska Act; reopened slavery issue in new territory | |
| 109922559 | Ostend Manifesto | a declaration (1854) issued from Ostend, Belgium, by the U.S. ministers to England, France, and Spain, stating that the U.S. would be justified in seizing Cuba if Spain did not sell it to the U.S $20 mill.,got found out, north furious, Pierce repudiated | |
| 109922560 | Gadsden Purchase | 1853; area for which the US paid $10 million, it strengthened the South's bid for a transcontinental railroad&completed manifest destiny. | |
| 109922561 | Stephen Douglas | a leading Democratic senator in the 1850s; nicknamed the "Little Giant" for his small size and great political power, he steered the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act through Congress & promoted popular sovereignty. Debated slavery issues againt Abraham Lincoln. He ran against his political rival Abraham Lincoln for president in 1860 and lost. | |
| 109922562 | Kansas Nebraska Act | 1854 - This repealed the Missouri Compromise and established a doctrine of congressional nonintervention in the territories. Made to decide if the Kansas-Nebraska territory would be slave or free by popular sovereignty. The dispute strengthened the rift between the north and south states. | |
| 109922563 | Wilmot Proviso | (1846)David Wilmot introduced an amendment stating that any territory acquired from Mexico would be free. Passed the House twice, but failed to ever pass in Senate. Became a symbol of how intense dispute over slavery was in the U.S., Calhoun against with his compact theory (govt. created by states) | |
| 109922564 | Panic of 1857 | Economic downturn caused by overspeculation of western lands, railroads, gold in California, grain. Mostly affected northerners, who called for higher tariffs and free homesteads. Due to South's single crop=weren't affected as bad, sense of superiority. | |
| 109922565 | Harriet Beecher Stowe | She was an American writer famous for Uncle Tom's Cabin(1852), which was about the blackness of American slavery. Acclaimed in Europe and the North, the book furthered the abolitionist movement, and it was a cause of the Civil War. | |
| 109922566 | Hinton Helper | 1857, wrote The Impending Crisis of the South, was a non-aristocratic white North Carolinian who tried to prove, by an array of stats, that the non-slave-holding Southern whites were really the ones most hurt by slavery. | |
| 109922567 | John Brown | Well-known abolitionist. used violence to stop slavery immediately, involved in the Pottawatomie Massacre(killed 5),contributed to 'bleeding kansas". Also planned on obtaining weapons from a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry. Brown attacked with about 18 followers. US Marines captured him less than 36 hours, he was tried, convicted of treason and hung;he became a martyr. | |
| 109922568 | Brooks vs. Sumner | 1856 - Charles Sumner gave a two day speech on the Senate floor. He denounced the South for crimes against Kansas and singled out Senator Andrew Brooks of South Carolina for extra abuse. Brooks beat Sumner over the head with his cane, severely crippling him. Sumner was the first Republican martyr. | |
| 109922569 | John C. Freemont | American military officer, explorer, 1st candidate of the Republican Party(1856), & 1st presidential candidate of a major party to run on a platform opposing slavery. Used slogan "Freedom, Free Men, and Frémont". Placed second to James Buchanan in a three-way election; he did not carry the state of California. | |
| 109922570 | Dred Scott | 1847; American slave who sued his master for keeping him enslaved in a territory where slavery was banned under the missouri Compromise, This Supreme Court case infamously decided that a slave was not a citizen but property to be "used in subservience to the interests, the convenience, or the will of his owner"; Also caused the Supreme Court to declare the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. | |
| 109922571 | Lincoln-Douglas Debates | 1858 during Illinois Senatorial campaign. A series of seven debates. The two argued the important issues of the day like popular sovereignty, the Lecompton Constitution and the Dred Scott decision. Douglas won these debates, but Lincoln's position in these debates helped him beat Douglas in the 1860 presidential election. | |
| 109922572 | Lecompton Constitution | 1857;proslavery constitution in Kansas, supported by Buchanan, freesoilers against it (victorious), denied statehood until after secession, making Kansas an eventual free state. | |
| 109922573 | Crittendon Compromise | proposed by John Crittendon advocating to extend Missouri Compromise line to the pacific to guarantee protection of slavery in south west territories not yet acquired. Recommended federal compensation to owners of escaped slaves and constitutional amendment forever prohibiting federal gvt from abolishing/regulating slavery in states, compromise to prevent war. Lincoln rejected it because he had run on a platform against the extention of slavery. | |
| 109922574 | Harpers Ferry | 1859; John Brown's scheme to invade the South with armed slaves, backed by sponsoring, northern abolitionists; seized the federal arsenal; Brown and remnants were caught by Robert E. Lee and the US Marines; Brown was hanged |
