Greenstein '11
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| 266030663 | Corrupt Bargain | Refers to the presidential election of 1824 in which Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced the House of Representatives to elect Adams rather than Jackson. | |
| 266030665 | John Quincy Adams | Secretary of State, He served as sixth president under Monroe. In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claims to Texas. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams' work. | |
| 266030667 | Judiciary Act of 1801 | Act passed at the very end of Adam's term, which created 16 new judge spots which Adams filled with federalists. These appointments known as "midnight appointments". | |
| 266030669 | Marbury vs. Madison | The 1803 case in which Chief Justice John Marshall and his associates first asserted the right of the Supreme Court to determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution. The decision established the Court's power of judicial review over acts of Congress, in this case the Judiciary Act of 1789. | |
| 266030671 | Judicial Review | The power of a court to refuse to enforce a law or government regulation that in the opinion of the judges conflicts with the U.S. Constitution or, in a state court, the state constitution. | |
| 266030673 | Lewis and Clark Expedition | Meriwether Lewis and William Clark sent by Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Territory on "Voyage of Discovery". | |
| 266030675 | Impressment | British Navy would take American sailors and force them to work for Britain. | |
| 266030677 | War Hawks | Western settlers who advocated war with Britain because they hoped to aquire Britain's northwest posts (and also Florida or even Canada) and because they felt the British were aiding the Indians and encouraging them to attack the Americans on the frontier. In Congress, the War Hawks were Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun. | |
| 266030680 | Non-Intercourse Act | After the repeal of the Embargo Act, this 1809 law restricted trade with Britain and France only, opening up trade with all other foreign ports. | |
| 266030682 | Isolationism | The belief that political ties to other countries should be avoided. | |
| 266030684 | Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817) | The US and British agreed to set limits on the number of naval vessels each could have on the Great Lakes. | |
| 266030685 | Tariff of 1816 | This protective tariff helped American industry by raising the prices of British manufactured goods, which were often cheaper and of higher quality than those produced in the U.S. | |
| 266030686 | American System | Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy. | |
| 266030687 | Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) | Settled land dispute between Spain and United States as a result of tensions brought on by weakening Spanish power in teh New World. U.S. gained Florida in exchange for $5 million and renounced any claims on Texas and settled boundary between two countries to the Pacific Ocean. | |
| 266030688 | Treaty of Ghent | The treaty between Great Britain and the United States that brought the War of 1812 to an end. | |
| 266030689 | "Era of Good Feelings" | A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts. | |
| 266030690 | Kitchen Cabinet | Jackson's group of unofficial advisers consisting of newspaper editors, Democratic leaders, and friends that met to discuss current issues. Jackson used the Kitchen Cabinet more than his official Cabinet. | |
| 266030691 | The Spoils System | Employed by Jackson. System by which the victorious political party rewarded its supporters with government jobs. | |
| 266030692 | The Indian Removal Act | Law passed by Congress and supported by Andrew Jackson allowing the U.S. government to take the Native American eastern homelands and force them to move west of the Mississippi River. | |
| 266030693 | Trail of Tears | The forced movement of Cherokees in 1838-1839 to the Oklahoma Territory. | |
| 266030694 | "Tariff of Abominations" (1828) | Raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South; South nicknamed it "Tariff of Abominations". | |
| 266030695 | "The Bank War" (1832) | Jackson was determined to destroy the Bank of the United States because he thought it, and the bank president Nicholas Biddle, was too powerful. He felt the Bank was unconstitutional and only benefited the rich. He transfered all money from Federal Bank to State banks which devastated the economy. | |
| 266030696 | Lone Star Republic | Nickname for Texas after it won independence from Mexico in 1836. | |
| 266030697 | "Boom - Bust Cycles" | Periods of Accelerating growth and overheated expansion, followed by a crash and then depression. | |
| 266030698 | The Whigs | Founded in 1834 to unite factions opposed to President Andrew Jackson, the party favored federal responsibility for internal improvements; the party ceased to exist by the late 1850s, when party members divided over the slavery issue. | |
| 266030699 | John Marshall | American jurist and politician who served as the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1801-1835) and helped establish the practice of judicial review. | |
| 266030700 | James Madison | President during the War of 1812 and was also Vice-President under Jefferson. Traded with France which angered the British and began the War of 1812. He supported Western Expansion. He was not a strong president. | |
| 266030701 | James Monroe | The President of the United States of America during the Era of Good Feeling. He delivered a speech to congress named the Monroe Doctrine which stated there would be no colonization of the New World. Monroe showed a strong sense of nationalism, creating national pride. He also helped establish America as a world power. | |
| 266030702 | Andrew Jackson | 7th president of the U.S. Expanded the power of the presidency by withholding judicial laws. | |
| 266030703 | Martin Van Buren | The delegate from Jackson's party after he was unable to pursue another term himself due to age. President during Panic of 1837. After his presidency the Whigs took control. Started Treasury. | |
| 266030704 | Daniel Webster | Advocated renewal and opposed the financial policy of Andrew Jackson. Many of the principles of finance he spoke about were later incorporated in the Federal Reserve System. | |
| 266030705 | John C. Calhoun | South Carolina politician who supported slavery and nullification. Vice president twice with Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams. | |
| 266030706 | Henry Clay | United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states (1777-1852), Senator who persuaded Congress to accept the Missouri Compromise, which admitted Maine into the Union as a free state, and Missouri as a slave state, Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a Warhawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives. | |
| 266030707 | Tecumseh | Shawnee leader who attempted to organize an Native American confederacy to prevent the loss of additional territory to American settlers. He became an ally of the British in War of 1812 and died in battle. | |
| 266030708 | Nicholas Biddle | President of the Second Bank of the United States; he struggled to keep the bank functioning when President Jackson tried to destroy it. | |
| 266030709 | Sam Houston | United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States. First president of the Republic of Texas. |
