Greenstein '12
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| 323302254 | Political Corruption | Business tycoons' and Robber Barons who did favors or bribed workers and immigrants to get votes to stay in power. | |
| 323302255 | Bloody Shirt | Republican campaign tactic that blamed the Democrats for the Civil War; it was used successfully in campaigns from 1868 to 1876 to keep Democrats out of public office, especially the presidency. | |
| 323302256 | Depression | A long-term economic state characterized by unemployment and low prices and low levels of trade and investment. | |
| 323302257 | Inflation | An increase in the average level of prices of goods and services in the economy. | |
| 323302258 | Deflation | A decrease in the average price of all goods and services in the economy. | |
| 323302259 | Jim Crow | The system of racial segregation in the South that was created in the late nineteenth century following the end of slavery. Jim Crow laws written in the 1880s and 1890s mandated segregation in public facilities. | |
| 323302260 | Credit Mobilier | A construction company. Involved in a scandal when they hired themselves at inflated prices to build the railroad line, earning high dividends. When it was found out that government officials were paid stay quiet about the illicit business, some officials were censured. | |
| 323302261 | Tammany Hall | A political machine, headed by "Boss" Tweed, located in New York that had be known to cheat the city out of over two hundred million dollars during the early 1870s. | |
| 323302262 | Pendleton Act | Passed in 1883, an Act that created a federal civil service so that hiring and promotion would be based on merit rather than patronage. | |
| 323302263 | Chinese Exclusion Act | Passed in 1882; banned Chinese immigration in US because the United States thought of them as a threat. | |
| 323302264 | Plessy vs. Ferguson | The supreme court ruled that segregation was legal as long as it was "equal" | |
| 323302265 | Populism | A political philosophy supporting the rights and power of the people in their struggle against the privileged elite. | |
| 323302266 | Trusts | Firms or corporations that sit on the same board for the purpose of reducing competition and controlling prices. | |
| 323302267 | Monopolies | Corporations that gain complete control of the production of a single good or service. | |
| 323302268 | Robber Barons | Nickname for wealthy entrepreneurs and businessmen (Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller) during the "Gilded" Age. | |
| 323302269 | Factory Towns | Towns that were established and controlled by factories for the factory workers. | |
| 323302270 | Assembly Line | In a factory, an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product. | |
| 323302271 | Bessemer Process | Bessemer invented a process for removing air pockets from iron, and thus allowed manufacturing of steel. | |
| 323302272 | Social Darwinism | The poor are poor because they are not as fit to survive. Used as an argument by the wealthy to counter argue social reforms to help the poor. | |
| 323302273 | Gibson Girl | The "Gibson Girl" represented the role model for women in the early 1900's. She was pretty, calm, smart, and could overcome any obstacle. | |
| 323302274 | Horatio Alger | a popular writer of the Post-Civil War time period. Alger was a Puritan New Englander who wrote more than a hundred volumes of juvenile fiction during his career; the famous "rags to riches" theme. | |
| 323302275 | Knights of Labor | Labor union founded by Uriah S. Stephens in 1869, that grew out of the collapse of the National Labor Union and was replaced by AF of L after a number of botched strikes. | |
| 323302276 | American Federation of Labor | A labor union created by Samuel Gompers that was the only labor union that only accepted skilled workers. Used collective bargaining in order to avoid large social issues. | |
| 323302277 | Sherman Anti-Trust Act | First United States law to limit trusts and big business. Said that any trust that was purposefully restraining interstate trade was illegal. | |
| 323302278 | Jay Gould | Investor who cornered the gold market by convincing Grant to issue bad financial proclamations. | |
| 323302279 | Boss Tweed | Leader of the Democratic Tammany Hall. | |
| 323302280 | Thomas Nast | Political cartoonist who's work exposed the abuses of the Tweed ring, criticized the South's attempts to impede Reconstruction, and lampooned labor unions. | |
| 323302281 | Horace Greeley | Editor of the New York Tribune; presidential nominee for the Liberal Republicans and the Democrats for the 1872 election; lost to Grant and died a few weeks after his defeat. | |
| 323302282 | U.S. Grant | U.S. president for two terms who won due to his military honors. He was a drinker and a corrupt politician "on accident". | |
| 323302283 | Ruther B. Hayes | Ohio governor and President of the United States. | |
| 323302284 | James Garfield | James Garfield was elected to presidency in 1880. He was assassinated so Stalwarts could be in power in the government. This brought about reforms in the spoils systems. | |
| 323302285 | Chester Arthur | 21st president, Republican, taking office after assassination of Garfield, lead the charge of civil service reform. | |
| 323302286 | Grover Cleveland | First Democrat since Civil War. Signifies end of "bloody shirt" tactic. Honest and hardworking, fought corruption, vetoed hundreds of wasteful bills, achieved the Interstate Commerce Commission and civil service reform, violent suppression of strikes | |
| 323302287 | Benjamin Harrison | Not that important. Wasteful spender. Oh yeah, he was a president. | |
| 323302288 | J.P. Morgan | Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel. Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back. Was one of the "Robber barons" | |
| 323302289 | Leland Stanford | One of the "Big Four" tycoons who became president of the Central Pacific Railroad and later went on to become governor of California. | |
| 323302290 | Cornelius Vanderbilt | He was a big man with little education. He built a railway that connected New York to Chicago in 1873. He offered superior service at low rates and was extremely successful. | |
| 323302291 | Cyrus Field | An American financier who backed the first telegraph cable across the Atlantic. | |
| 323302292 | J.D. Rockefeller | America's oil king, he got the railroads to give him back half of what he paid them for transporting the oil, so he was able to sell oil for much less than his competitors, putting most out of business. Grossly rich but very generous. | |
| 323302293 | Andrew Carnegie | Creates Carnegie Steel. Gets bought out by banker JP Morgan and renamed U.S. Steel. Andrew Carnegie used vertical integration by buying all the steps needed for production. Was a philanthropist. Was one of the "Robber barons" | |
| 323302294 | Herbert Spencer | Created the concept of social darwinism. | |
| 323302295 | Samuel Gompers | He was the creator of the American Federation of Labor. He provided a stable and unified union for skilled workers. | |
| 323302296 | Thomas Edison | American inventor best known for inventing the electric light bulb, acoustic recording on wax cylinders, and motion pictures. | |
| 323302297 | William Jennings Bryant | The 1896 candidate for president for the Populists and Democrats. He made a speech that asked the government not to hurt the Americans by sticking to a gold standard but instead adding silver to back the dollar. |
