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| 3636188637 | Dred Scott v. Stanford | Supreme Court decision that extended federal protection to slavery by ruling that Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in any territory. Also declared that slaves, as property, were not citizens of the United States. | 0 | |
| 3636188638 | Bleeding Kansas | Civil war in Kansas over the issue of slavery in the territory, fought intermittently until 1861, when it merged with the wider national Civil War. | 1 | |
| 3636188639 | Confederate States of America | Government established after seven Southern states seceded from the Union. Later joined by four more states from the Upper South. | 2 | |
| 3636188640 | Constitutional Union Party | Formed by moderate Whigs and Know-Nothings in an effort to elect a compromise candidate and avert a sectional crisis | 3 | |
| 3636188641 | Crittenden amendments | Proposed in an attempt to appease the South, the failed Constitutional amendments would have given federal protection for slavery in all territories south of 36°30' where slavery was supported by popular sovereignty. | 4 | |
| 3636188642 | Freeport Doctrine | Declared that since slavery could not exist without laws to protect it, territorial legislatures, not the Supreme Court, would have the final say on the slavery question. First argued by Stephen Douglass in 1858 in response to Abraham Lincoln's "Freeport Question". | 5 | |
| 3636188643 | Freeport Question | Raised during one of the Lincoln-Douglas debates by Abraham Lincoln, who asked whether the Court or the people should decide the future of slavery in the territories. | 6 | |
| 3636188644 | Harpers Ferry | Federal arsenal in Virginia seized by abolitionist John Brown in 1859. Though Brown was later captured and executed, his raid alarmed Southerners who believed that Northerners shared in Brown's extremism. | 7 | |
| 3636188645 | Lecompton Constitution | Proposed Kansas constitution, whose ratification was unfairly rigged so as to guarantee slavery in the territory. Initially ratified by proslavery forces, it was later voted down when Congress required that the entire constitution be put up for a vote. | 8 | |
| 3636188646 | Lincoln-Douglas debates | Series of debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglass during the U.S. Senate race in Illinois. Douglass won the election but Lincoln gained national prominence and emerged as the leading candidate for the 1860 Republican nomination | 9 | |
| 3636188647 | New England Emigrant Aid Company | Organization created to facilitate the migration of free laborers to Kansas in order to prevent the establishment of slavery in the territory. | 10 | |
| 3636188648 | Panic of 1857 | Financial crash brought on by gold-fueled inflation, overspeculation, and excess grain production. Raised calls in the North for higher tariffs and for free homesteads on western public lands. | 11 | |
| 3636188649 | Tariff of 1857 | Lowered duties on imports in response to a high Treasury surplus and pressure from Southern farmers. | 12 | |
| 3636188650 | The Impending Crisis of the South | Antislavery tract, written by white Southerner Hinton R. Helper, arguing that non-slaveholding whites actually suffered most in a slave economy. | 13 | |
| 3636188651 | Uncle Tom's Cabin | Harriet Beecher Stowe's widely read novel that dramatized the horrors of slavery. It heightened Northern support for abolition and escalated the sectional conflict. | 14 | |
| 3636194479 | Harriet Beecher Stowe | author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, a novel that 'started the civil war'. It's effects were seen in the North (where they refused to enforce the new Fugitive Slave Law) as well as Europe (where Britain wanted to aid the South for economic benefits, but they didn't because they knew it would go against the many views of their own people) | 15 | |
| 3636196005 | Henry Ward Beecher | Harriet's brother who was a preacher. He contributed weapons to the abolitionist movement, such as his acclaimed 'Beecher's Bibles' rifles | 16 | |
| 3636198553 | James Buchanan | The 15th President of the United States (1857-1861). He tried to maintain a balance between proslavery and antislavery factions, but his moderate views angered radicals in both North and South, and he was unable to forestall the secession of South Carolina on December 20, 1860. | 17 | |
| 3636199847 | Charles Sumner | Senator for Massachusetts who gave a speech called "The Crime Against Kansas" which went on to denounce the South, insult South Carolina and it's senator Andrew Butler. Reelected despite injury. | 18 | |
| 3636201674 | Preston S. Brooks | Congressman for South Carolina who, pissed off by Sumner, wanted to challenge Sumner to a duel- but he felt that would make him a lower rank considering a duel is fought between those of equal social rank. So instead he beat Sumner with his cane. He was also reelected despite beating Sumner. | 19 | |
| 3636204212 | Dred Scott | Slave who argued that since he lived in a free state, he should have his freedom. The Supreme Court ruled (1) he didn't even have citizenship, so he had no right to sue over the matter (2) he was his master's property and according to the fifth amendment, the judicial system can not take away someone's property (3) the Compromise of 1850 was unconstitutional and (4) they had no right to ban slavery from territories. | 20 | |
| 3636211820 | Roger Taney | Supreme Court justice during Dred Scott case | 21 | |
| 3636216460 | Stephen Douglas | a leading Democratic senator in the 1850s; nicknamed the "Little Giant" for his small size and great political power, he steered the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act through Congress. Although increasingly alienated from the southern wing of his party, he ran against his political rival Abraham Lincoln for president in 1860 and lost. | 22 | |
| 3636217809 | Abraham Lincoln | Tried to gain national exposure by debates with Stephen A. Douglas. These debates attracted much attention. His attacks on slavery made him nationally known. He felt slavery was morally wrong, but was not an abolitionist. He felt there was not an alternative to slavery and blacks were not prepared to live on equal terms as whites. Won presidency in November election. | 23 | |
| 3636220606 | John Brown | An abolitionist who attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing Armories in southern territory and giving weapons to slaves, was hung in Harper's Ferry after capturing an Armory | 24 | |
| 3636222289 | John Breckinridge | vice president under James Buchanan and Democratic presidential nominee in 1860 who supported slavery and states' rights; he split the Democratic vote with Stephen Douglas and lost the election to Lincoln. He served in Confederate army and as secretary of war | 25 | |
| 3636225647 | John Jordan Crittenden | Proposer of the Crittenden Amendments designed to appease the South, that Lincoln flatly rejected. | 26 |
