chapter 10 "launching the new ship of state"
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| 1345151929 | bill of rights | Set of amendments passed to protect individual rights | |
| 1345151930 | judiciary act of 1789 | In 1789 Congress passed this Act which created the federal-court system. The act managed to quiet popular apprehensions by establishing in each state a federal district court that operated according to local procedures. | |
| 1345151931 | alexander hamilton | 1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt. | |
| 1345151932 | tariffs | a tax on foreign goods brought into a country | |
| 1345151933 | funding at par | Alexander Hamilton's idea on how to improve U.S. credibility, and unity. The federal government would take on all of the states debts, as well as its own. It would pay the debts off at face value, then it pay interest. Together, it was a huge 54 million dollar debt. | |
| 1345151934 | whiskey tax | Part of the excise taxes, the whiskey tax added a tax on whiskey at seven cents a gallon This helped pay of some of the debt., Part of the excise taxes, the whiskey tax added a tax on whiskey at seven cents a gallon This helped pay of some of the debt. | |
| 1345151935 | bank of the united states | created by Alexander Hamilton, designed to stimulate business, keep money in circulation, and get the United States out of debt. it would handle tax receipts, amoung other govt funds, & print and issue paper money | |
| 1345151936 | tenth amendment | The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people. | |
| 1345151937 | strict interpretation | A way of INTERPRETING the Constitution that allows the Federal Gov't to ONLY do those things SPECIFICALLY mentioned in the Constitution. based on the 10th Amendment | |
| 1345151938 | elastic clause | the part of the Constitution that permits Congress to make any laws "necessary and proper" to carrying out its powers | |
| 1345151939 | loose interpretation | A way of INTERPRETING the Constitution that allows the Federal Gov't to take actions THAT the Constitution doesn't forbid it from taking. based on the elastic clause. | |
| 1345151940 | whiskey rebellion | In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion | |
| 1345151941 | federalist party | founded by alexander hamilton, it was a political party created in the 1790s that wanted to strengthen the federal government and promote industry and trade | |
| 1345151942 | democratic-republicans | founded by thomas jefferson in the 1790s, its goal wsa to keep the federal govt as weak as possible, promote a strict interpretation of the constitution, and promote agriculture and farming (as opposed to industrialization/ | |
| 1345151943 | french revolution | an uprising of the people that led to the end of the French monarchy and the beheading of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. america happy until violence ensues under the reign of terror | |
| 1345151944 | neutrality proclamation | a 1793 statement by President Washington that the United States would not support or aid either France or Britain in their European conflict | |
| 1345151945 | citizen edmond genet | representative of the French revolutionary government, tried to enlist Americans in the French army | |
| 1345151946 | general anthony wayne | crushed northwest indians at battle of fallen timbers on august 20, 1794 | |
| 1345151947 | treaty of greenville | indians give up claim to land in ohio country | |
| 1345151948 | jay's treaty 1794 | Britain promised to evacuate the chain of posts on U.S soil, and pay damages for the recent seizures on American ships. Britain forced John Jay to give ground by binding the U.S to pay depts. still owed to Britain on pre-Revolutionary Account. | |
| 1345151949 | pinckney's treaty | agreement made between spain and the u.s., where the u.s. got the northern part of florida and free access to the mississippi river | |
| 1345151950 | washington's farewell address | says to remain neutral, isolationist, avoid permanent allies-choose temporary ones | |
| 1345151951 | john marshall | appointed chief justice by John Adams | |
| 1345151952 | talleyrand | the French foreign minister, whom which three American dipolmats seek to reach an agreement with, they are stopped by the French X, Y, and Z dipolmats and are asked for a bribe to speak with Talleyrand. Causes XYZ affair. | |
| 1345151953 | xyz affair | 1798 - A commission had been sent to France in 1797 to discuss the disputes that had arisen out of the U.S.'s refusal to honor the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. President Adams had also criticized the French Revolution, so France began to break off relations with the U.S. Adams sent delegates to meet with French foreign minister Talleyrand in the hopes of working things out. Talleyrand's three agents told the American delegates that they could meet with Talleyrand only in exchange for a very large bribe. The Americans did not pay the bribe, and in 1798 Adams made the incident public, substituting the letters "X, Y and Z" for the names of the three French agents in his report to Congress. | |
| 1345151954 | convention of 1800 | Treaty between France and the United States that annulled their alliance, while America agreed to pay damage claims of American shippers. | |
| 1345151955 | alien laws | Laws in which residence before citizenship changed from five years to fourteen, and the President was given power to deport (in times of peace) or imprison (in times of war) dangerous immigrants | |
| 1345151956 | compact theory | popular amoung the English political philosophers in the eighteenth century. In America, it was supported by Jefferson and Madison. It meant that the thirteen states, by creating the federal government, had entered into a contract about its jurisdiction. The national government was the agent of the states. This meant that the individual states were the final judges of the national government's actions. The theory was the basis for the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions passed in 1798. The compact theory was used to try to stop the Federalist abuses like the Alien and Sedition Acts. | |
| 1345151957 | nullification | The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state's opinion, violates the Constitution. | |
| 1345151958 | hamiltonian federalists | Well to do merchants, large planters, investors, concentrated in urban areas. Supremacy of natl govt. Broad interpretation of the Constitution. Criticized as pro-ENG. Favored commercial/ind development. |
