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| 1908224875 | "Rugged individualism"/Self Reliance | pioneer families; many americans lived on the frontier-hard/crude life, disease, death, women were cut off from society; men wrestled; Jacksonian politics aimed to emancipate the lone-wolf enterprise sing businessperson | 0 | |
| 1908224876 | Population Growth | population grew especially in the west as pioneers exhausted tobacco regions in south-moved west; polo doubling every 25 years; quadrupled in 1850s; fourth most populous nation in western world | 1 | |
| 1908224877 | Immigration (first wave) German & Irish | million and a half Irish+ million and a half germans immigrated in 1850s; IRISH= they came because Europe was running out of room, potato crop failure, displaced, wanted to go to land of "freedom and opportunity," swarmed into larger seaboard cities (Boston/ NY), treated badly, lived in slums, had low skill occupations- policemen. GERMANS= Carl Schurz, wealthier, more educated, settled in midwest (Wisconsin), farms, enemies of slavery; overall helped due pluralistic society, economic expansion | 2 | |
| 1908224878 | American or "Know-Nothing" Party (1849) | "Order of the Star Spangled banner"- wanted rigid restrictions on immigration and naturalization for laws authorizing deportation of alien paupers; promoted lurid literature of exposure | 3 | |
| 1908224879 | Industrial Revolution /Factory system | started in Britain and spread to US; factories first flourished in NE (ports made easy for transport, dense pop= more labor and accessible markets,) but then spread to middle colonies | 4 | |
| 1908224880 | Samuel Slater (1791) | Father of the Factory System" british mechanic that disguised himself and escaped to America after memorizing the machinery- put into effect first machine for spinning cotton thread | 5 | |
| 1908224881 | Eli Whitney | born in Mass; invented cotton gin and interchangeable gun parts | 6 | |
| 1908224882 | Cotton gin | 50x more effective than handpicking; increased slavery- made the South "King Cotton" | 7 | |
| 1908224883 | Interchangeable parts | ELi Whitney; made to fit in all guns, all triggers would be as much alike as the successive imprints of a copperplate engraving | 8 | |
| 1908224884 | Elias Howe (1846) | invented sewing machine- gave sting northern goose to indust; foundation of ready-made clothing, drove many seamstresses from home-> factory | 9 | |
| 1908224885 | Isaac Singer | perfected sewing machine | 10 | |
| 1908224886 | Patents | 28,000 patents made in 1860 | 11 | |
| 1908224887 | "Limited liability" corporations | aided the concentration of capital by permitting the individual investor, in cases of legal bankruptcy, to risk no more than his own share of stock. 15 Boston families formed one of the first investment capitol companies- The Boston Assoiates | 12 | |
| 1908224888 | Samuel F. B. Morse (1844) | invented telegraph- "talking wires," strung a wire 40 miles from Washington to baltimore and tapped "What hath God wrought?" | 13 | |
| 1908224889 | "Wage slaves" | clustered around "spindle cities"/ stuffy factories | 14 | |
| 1908224890 | Ten-Hour Day (1840) | set by President Van Buren for federal employees on public works; labors demanded shorter work days, but employers fought the 10 hr day- they said it would lesson production, increase costs, and demoralize workers in the work day was shorter than 10 hours- they would have too much leisure time | 15 | |
| 1908224891 | Trade unions | had many unsuccessful strikes; won Commonwealth v Hunt case where labor unions were declared not illegal | 16 | |
| 1908224892 | "Factory girls" | worked 6 days a week, made little $ from working from "dar to dark" (12-13 hrs) | 17 | |
| 1908224893 | Lowell mills | textile mill owned by Boston Associates; workers were mainly NE farm girls, carefully supervised, escorted to church from boardinghouses, forbidden to form unions | 18 | |
| 1908224894 | Women | factory jobs were unusual to woman- "cult of true womanhood" their place was in their home | 19 | |
| 1908224895 | Catherine Beecher | pushed for women to enter teaching | 20 | |
| 1908224896 | "Cult of domesticity" | idea that women belonged in the home; job was to raise children that would one day grow up to help america | 21 | |
| 1908224897 | "Women's sphere" | women's sphere was their house; did not do much outside their own household | 22 | |
| 1908224898 | Fertility rate | decreased- more children meant more $ to feed/ take care of | 23 | |
| 1908224899 | "Modern" family | less children- disciplined | 24 | |
| 1908224900 | Industrial Development: | ... | 25 | |
| 1908224901 | John Deere (1837) | invented the steel plow. It enabled farmers to cut into the fertile but hard Midwestern soil. | 26 | |
| 1908224902 | Cyrus McCormick (1830s) | invented the mechanical mower-reaper to harvest grains such as wheat. | 27 | |
| 1908224903 | "Cash-crop agriculture" | corn in midwest; cotton in south | 28 | |
| 1908224904 | Robert Fulton (1807) | built the first steamboat, the Clermont (1807). This invention radically changed the transportation structure; Rivers were now two-way streets, not one-way. The South and especially the West would draw the benefits of the steamboat. | 29 | |
| 1908224905 | Erie Canal (1817-1825) | It was headed up by NY governor Dewitt Clinton and built using only state money; started in 1817 and completed in 1825. It linked the western rivers with the Atlantic Ocean. Shipping costs from the West to the East dropped 20 times ($100 became only $5). The canal effectively stole most of the trade from the Mississippi River. After its completion, more goods would flow over the Erie Canal/Hudson River route to New York City than down the Ohio and Mississippi River route to New Orleans. "Western" cities boomed, like Cleveland, Detroit, and Chicago. | 30 | |
| 1908224906 | Railroad (1828) | "Iron horse," by the 1860's there were 30,000 miles of track; some were dangerous though- started fires/ brakes weren't good | 31 | |
| 1908224907 | Cyrus field (1858) | "greatest wire-puller in history" stretched cable under deep north atlantic waters from Newfoundland to Ireland | 32 | |
| 1908224908 | "Clipper" ships | their job was to haul cargo to foreign nations, notably China. These sailing ships were long, sleek, and very fast. They ruled the seas for a while. Their speed gave them much of the tea trade between the Far East and Britain. Yankee clipper ships were soon outdated though. British "teakettles" (steamships) replaced the clippers. | 33 | |
| 1908224909 | Pony Express (1860) | mail system; did not last long, replaced with Morse's telegraph | 34 | |
| 1908224910 | "Social mobility" | ... | 35 | |
| 1908224911 | Lancaster "turnpike" (1790s) | the Lancaster Turnpike (a hard-surfaced highway) went from Philadelphia to Lancaster, PA. helped connect northwest with east | 36 | |
| 1908224912 | National/Cumberland Road (1811-1852) | the Cumberland Road (better known as the National Road) went from Maryland all the way to Illinois. It was the main East-West thoroughfare. | 37 |
