AP US History identifications for The American Pageant Chapter 1: New World Beginnings.
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| 888339784 | Black Legend | the mistaken belief that the conquistadors brought only misery to the New World, when in fact they also laid the foundations for nations | |
| 888339785 | Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Ferdinand and Isabella while looking for a route to China (1451-1506) | |
| 888339786 | Conquistadors | Spanish conquerors in the New World, comprised of soldiers, peasants, artisans, and middle class | |
| 888339787 | Crusades | series of wars fought to reclaim Christian Holy Lands, created a European interest in Asian goods | |
| 888339788 | Encomienda | Spanish system that gave Indians to the colonists in return for the promise to try and Christianize them | |
| 888339789 | Ferdinand and Isabella | married to unite the kingdom of Spain, reconquered Spain from the Muslims, funded Columbus | |
| 888339790 | Magellan | attempted to circumnavigate the the globe, which his crew did after he died in the Philippines (1522) | |
| 888339791 | Anasazi | ancient civilization in southwestern US, declined by about 1300 | |
| 888339792 | Cahokia | Mississippian settlement near present-day St. Louis | |
| 888339793 | Iroquois | northeastern Indian nation, developed an organized government and military | |
| 888339794 | Sugar Revolution | increase in the European demand for sugar, fueled by its success in the Caribbean | |
| 888339795 | Taino | native people of Hispaniola, population was decimated by Spanish invasion | |
| 888339796 | Three sisters agriculture | Native American method of planting corn, beans, and squash together | |
| 888339797 | Ponce de Leon | Spanish explorer of Florida, which he thought was an island, looked for gold | |
| 888339798 | Cortes | Spanish conqueror of Mexico, destroyed Tenochtitlan (1521) | |
| 888339799 | Mission Indians | Indians that were adopted into Christian missions and taught Christianity and crafts | |
| 888339800 | Coronado | searched for fabled golden cities, explored Arizona, Kansas and New Mexico, discovered Grand Canyon and bison | |
| 888339801 | Tidewater region | region of flat, low-lying plains along the coast | |
| 888339802 | Franciscans | members of the Catholic religious order founded by St. Francis | |
| 888339803 | Pizarro | Spanish explorer who defeated the Incas in Peru in 1532 | |
| 888339804 | Joint stock companies | small investors combined their funds to pay for expeditions to the New World | |
| 888339805 | Marco Polo | Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century and served Kublai Khan (1254-1324). He brought accounts back to Europe, creating a European interest in Asia. | |
| 888339806 | Mestizos | people of mixed European and Native American descent | |
| 888339807 | Mississippian culture | North American civilization of mound builders with a prosperous society | |
| 888339808 | Montezuma | king of the Aztecs when Cortez landed in Mexico | |
| 888339809 | Pope's Rebellion | Pueblo uprising in New Mexico in 1680 that destroyed Catholic churches and took control for almost 50 years | |
| 888339810 | Queen Elizabeth | queen of England, founded the Anglican Church, supported joint stock companies, pushed for discovery in the New World | |
| 888339811 | Spanish Armada | huge Spanish fleet that was used to protect holding in the New World, sent to conquer England in 1588, its defeat was the beginning of the end for Spain | |
| 888339812 | Tenochtitlan | capital city of the Aztecs, conquered by Cortez, Mexico City was built on the same site | |
| 888339813 | Treaty of Tordesilles | divided the world between Spain and Portugal (1494) | |
| 888339814 | Balboa | Spanish explorer who discovered the Pacific Ocean (1475-1519) | |
| 888339815 | Maize | form of North American corn, staple of many Native American cultures |
