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| 185962396 | Gilded Age | Late 1800s to Early 1900s - time of large increase in wealth caused by industrialization | |
| 185962397 | Election of 1868 | The Republicans nominated General Grant for the presidency in 1868. The Republican Party supported the continuation of the Reconstruction of the South, while Grant stood on the platform of "just having peace."The Democrats nominated Horatio Seymour. Grant won the election of 1868. | |
| 185962398 | Cleveland's Hands Off Approach | advocated a "hands off" approach to government, which led him to veto more legislation than any preceding president. He in fact delivered 413 vetoes in four years, which was more than twice the total number of vetoes issued by all 21 preceding presidents. Cleveland was often at odds with special interest groups seeking government funds. Many were particularly angered by his attempts to reduce the system of high tariffs that had been implemented during the Civil War. | |
| 185962399 | Cleveland and J.P. Morgan | The Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 was created by the administration of Benjamin Harrison in order to increase the amount of silver in circulation; The drastic rise in silver caused the American people to believe that the less expensive silver was going to replace gold as the main form of currency; The American people therefore began to withdraw their assets in gold, depleting the Treasury's gold supply; Cleveland was forced to repeal the Sherman Silver Act Purchase in 1893; Cleveland turned to J.P. Morgan to lend $65 million in gold in order to increase the Treasury's reserve | |
| 185962400 | Credit Mobilier | a joint-stock company organized in 1863 and reorganized in 1867 to build the Union Pacific Railroad. It was involved in a scandal in 1872 in which high government officials were accused of accepting bribes. | |
| 185962401 | Boss Tweed | William Tweed, head of Tammany Hall, NYC's powerful democratic political machine in 1868. Between 1868 and 1869 he led the Tweed Reign, a group of corrupt politicians in defrauding the city. Example: Responsible for the construction of the NY court house; actual construction cost $3million. Project cost tax payers $13million. | |
| 185962402 | Jim Crowe Laws | laws that enforced segregation in the south | |
| 185962403 | Billion Dollar Congress | gave pensions to Civil War veterans, increased government silver purchases, and passed McKinley Tariff Act of 1890 | |
| 185962404 | Sherman Silver Purchase Act | Required the government to purchase an additional 4.5 million ounces of silver bullion each month for use as currency. | |
| 185962405 | Plessy vs. Ferguson | (1896) The Court ruled that segregation was not discriminatory (did not violate black civil rights under the Fourteenth Amendemnt) provide that blacks received accommodations equal to those of whites. | |
| 185962406 | Compromise of 1877 | Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river | |
| 185962407 | Pendleton Act | 1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons. This act ended the spoils system. | |
| 185962408 | Vertical Integration | absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in all aspects of a product's manufacture from raw materials to distribution | |
| 185962409 | Interstate Commerce Act | Established the ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) - monitors the business operation of carriers transporting goods and people between states - created to regulate railroad prices | |
| 185962410 | Standard Time Zones | At this time, every town in the United States had its own local time. In order to keep schedules and avoid wrecks, the major rail lines stated, on November 18, 1883, that the continent would be divided into 4 times zones - most towns accepted the new time method. | |
| 185962411 | John D. Rockefeller | Was an American industrialist and philanthropist. Revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy. | |
| 185962412 | Sherman Anti-Trust Act | an 1890 law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States | |
| 185962413 | Captains of Industry | owners and managers of large industrial enterprises who wielded extraordinary political and economic power | |
| 185962414 | Horizontal Integration | absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in the same level of production and sharing resources at that level | |
| 185962415 | Land Grants | land subsidies granted to railroad companies to encourage construction of rail lines to the West | |
| 185962416 | Business Leaders | rich CEOs of the Age of Industrialization | |
| 185962417 | J.P. Morgan | Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel. Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back. Was one of the "Robber barons" | |
| 185962418 | Age of Industrialization | immigration, more city population, more unions, worker: ruled by clock/schedule | |
| 185962419 | Industrial Workers | Most were immigrants and unskilled and had harsh working conditions. Over 60 hour work weeks and got no pensions, or injury compensation | |
| 185962420 | The Grange | Originally a social organization between farmers, it developed into a political movement for government ownership of railroads | |
| 185962421 | Railroad Network | #1 thing that spurred industrial revolution, cities benefited the most | |
| 185962422 | Andrew Carnegie | United States industrialist and philanthropist who endowed education and public libraries and research trusts (1835-1919) | |
| 185962423 | James Duke | James Buchanan Duke took advantage of the growing tobacco business and formed the American Tobacco Company in 1890. | |
| 185962424 | Social Gospel | Movement led by Washington Gladden - taught religion and human dignity would help the middle class over come problems of industrialization | |
| 185962425 | Immigrants | people who have left the country of their birth to live in another country | |
| 185962426 | School Attendance Laws | children were forced to go to school, helped keep child labor in check, showed importance of teaching kids | |
| 185962427 | Yellow Journalism | Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers | |
| 185962428 | Free Public Education | During this time period, public education and the idea of tax-supported elementary schools and high schools were gathering strength. | |
| 185962429 | Morill Act | act that gave federal land to states for education (land grant colleges) | |
| 185962430 | NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People | |
| 185962431 | Booker T. Washington | African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality. | |
| 185962432 | W.E.B. Dubois | 1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910 | |
| 185962433 | Homestead Act | Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years. The settler would only have to pay a registration fee of $25. | |
| 185962434 | Great Plains Problems | In the West, white soldiers spread cholera, typhoid, and smallpox to the Indians. The whites also put pressure on the shrinking bison population by hunting and grazing their own livestock on the prairie grasses | |
| 185962435 | Pullman Strike | in Chicago, Pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", Eugene Debs had American Railway Union refuse to use Pullman cars, Debs thrown in jail after being sued, strike achieved nothing | |
| 185962436 | Dawes Severality Act | an attempt to assimilate native americans, it provided 160 acres of land to native americans willing to accept certain terms; after 25 years they could become american citizens | |
| 185962437 | Patrons of Husbandry | a group organized in 1867, the leader of which was Oliver H. Kelley. It was better known as the Grange. It was a group with colorful appeal and many passwords for secrecy. The Grange was a group of farmers that worked for improvement for the farmers. | |
| 185962438 | Battle of Wounded Knee | US soldiers massacred 300 unarmed Native American in 1890. This ended the Indian Wars. |
