American Pageant edition 14 Chapter 23- Key Terms and People to Know
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| 675422093 | waving the bloody shirt | the term used to describe how Republicans promoted Grant for president. They recounted his war victories to distract from his lack of competence. | |
| 675422094 | Tweed Ring | the corrupt part of Tammany Hall in New York City, started by Burly "Boss" Tweed that Samuel J. Tilden, the reform governor of New York had been instrumental in overthrowing, Thomas Nast exposed through illustration in Harper's Weekly | |
| 675422095 | Credit Mobilier scandal | This scandal occurred in the 1870s when a railroad construction company's stockholders used funds that were supposed to be used to build the Union Pacific Railroad for railroad construction for their own personal use. To avoid being convicted, stockholders even used stock to bribe congressional members and the vice president. | |
| 675422096 | panic of 1873 | Four year economic depression caused by overspeculation on railroads and western lands, and worsened by Grant's poor fiscal response (refusing to coin silver) | |
| 675422097 | Gilded Age | the term referring to the corrupt political era after Reconstruction. coined by Mark Twain | |
| 675422098 | patronage | (politics) granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support | |
| 675422099 | Compromise of 1877 | Unwritten deal that settled the 1876 presidential election contest between Rutherford Hayes (Rep) and Samuel Tilden (Dem.) Hayes was awarded the presidency in exchange for the permanent removal of federal troops from the South. It was the end of Reconstruction. | |
| 675422100 | Civil Rights Act of 1875 | Gave blacks the privilege of American citizenship and denied states' the right to restrict blacks of their property, testify in court, and make contracts for their labor. Johnson vetoed this, but Congress voted to override the veto. | |
| 675422101 | sharecropping | system in which landowners leased a few acres of land to farmworkers in return for a portion of their crops | |
| 675422102 | Jim Crow | The system of racial segregation in the South that was created in the late nineteenth century following the end of slavery. Jim Crow laws written in the 1880s and 1890s mandated segregation in public facilities. | |
| 675422103 | Plessy v. Ferguson | a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal. established "separate but equal" | |
| 675422104 | Chinese Exclusion Act | (1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate. | |
| 675422105 | Pendleton Act | 1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons-passed by Charles arthur | |
| 675422106 | Homestead Strike | 1892 steelworker strike near Pittsburgh against the Carnegie Steel Company. Ten workers were killed in a riot when "scab" labor was brought in to force an end to the strike. | |
| 675422107 | grandfather clause | Said that a citizen could vote only if his grandfather had been able to vote. At the time, the grandfathers of black men in the South had been slaves with no right to vote. Another method for disenfranchising blacks. | |
| 675422108 | Jay Gould | an American financier who became a leading American railroad developer and speculator. Conned President Grant into ceasing the sale of gold on market to stop inflation and help farmers, but resulted in "Black Friday," Spetember 24,1869 | |
| 675422109 | Horace Greeley | Editor of the New York Tribune; presidential nominee for the Liberal Republicans and the Democrats for the 1872 election; lost to Grant and died a few weeks after his defeat. | |
| 675422110 | Rutherford B. Hayes | 1877-1881, Republican, against Tilden (played role to crush Tweed Ring), ended Reconstruction through Compromise of 1877. | |
| 675422111 | James Garfield | He was remembered as one of the four "lost presidents" after the civil war.As President, he strengthened Federal authority over the New York Customs House. Less than four months of taking office in 1881, he was assassinated. His assassination led to the Pendleton Civil Service Reform of 1883. | |
| 675422112 | Chester Arthur | He was the Vice President of James A. Garfield. After President Garfield was assassinated, September of 1881, Arthur assumed the position. He was chosen to run as Vice President, primarily, to gain the Stalwart's vote. Arthur was left in charge of the United States with no apparent qualifications. He, in turn, surprised the public with his unexpected vigor in prosecuting certain post office frauds and wouldn't help the Conklingite cronies when they came looking for favors. He was also in favor of civil service reform.passed the pendleton act | |
| 675422113 | Grover Cleveland | 22nd and 24th president, Democrat, Honest and hardworking, fought corruption, vetoed hundreds of wasteful bills, achieved the Interstate Commerce Commission and civil service reform, violent suppression of strikes. | |
| 675422114 | Thomas B. Reed | Republican Speaker of the House in 1888, he gained a reputation for an iron grip over Congress and kept Democrats in line. | |
| 675422115 | Tom Watson | elected to the U.S congress, became known as a champion of Georgia's farmers, and he sponsored and pushed through a law providing for RFD-rural free delivery | |
| 675422116 | WIlliam Jennings Bryan | This Democratic candidate ran for president most famously in 1896 (and again in 1900). His goal of "free silver" (unlimited coinage of silver) won him the support of the Populist Party. Though a gifted orator, he lost the election to Republican William McKinley. He ran again for president and lost in 1900. Later he opposed America's imperialist actions, and in the 1920s, he made his mark as a leader of the fundamentalist cause and prosecuting attorney in the Scopes Monkey Trial. | |
| 675422117 | pools | Usually a secret agreement among competing companies to fix prices and output or to divide up sales territory thus eliminating competition. used by competing railroad companies in the 1870s & 1880 declared illegal by interstate Commerce Act in 1887. | |
| 675422118 | trust | stockholders of competing companies torn their stock over to a Board of Trustees and Receive trust certificates. The Board gains full control of all companies and thus eliminated competition.Used the oil business. Declared of illegal by the Sherman Anti-trust act in 1890. | |
| 675422119 | Robber Barons | The person whom makes the money for themselves- cornelius Vaderbult | |
| 675422120 | Gospel of Wealth | Making money for charities for a good cause. | |
| 675422121 | Rockafeller | oil industry. | |
| 675422122 | Monopoly | You can charge shy's the limit if the government would allow it but exception to wells. | |
| 675422123 | capacious consumption | Showing off your wealth and power spending money for no reason. | |
| 675422124 | bimetallism | Gold & Silver cause of panic of 1893 | |
| 675422125 | laissez-faire | idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs | |
| 675422126 | vertical integration | combining into one organization all phases of manufacturing from mining to marketing. | |
| 675422127 | Horizontal integration | which simply meant allying with competitors to monopolize a given market. | |
| 675422128 | Sherman Anti-trust Act of 1890 | Forbade combinations in restraint of trade, without distinction between "good" trusts" and bad trusts.The law contained legal loopholes through which cleaver lawyers could wriggle. It was used to curb labor unions or labor combinations | |
| 675422129 | social Darwinists | these theorists argued that individuals won their stations in life by competing on the basis of their natural talents. | |
| 676506785 | Clayton Antitrust Act 1914 | Strengthen the power of the government in fighting monopolies by stating that labor is not a commodity, and therefore, legitimate union activities are not subject to antitrust laws. 2.it sought to outlaw suits against unions as combinations or conspiracies in restraint of trade. 3, it prohibited the use of federal injunctions in labor disputes"unless necessary to prevent irreparable injury, 4.prevented federal courts from issuing injunctions indiscriminately 5.guaranteed a trial by jury of persons accused of contempt of court for violating an injuction. | |
| 676506786 | Sameul Gompers ,the Workings man Manga Carta | Clayton Antitrust Act 1914, In Practice the law helped little: The courts used the" Irreparable injury" clause to Grant injunctions halting many strikes. | |
| 676506787 | knights of Labor | Founded in 1880 open to all workers, declined after 1886. Disapproved of strikes,supported a broad array of labor reforms. including cooperatives, favored political involvement. | |
| 676506788 | new immigrants | Came from southern and eastern europe largely illiterate & impoverished. Fears of old immigrants in 1840s-1850s would not or could not assimilate to life in their new land. Melting pot or dumping ground. | |
| 676506789 | Captains of Industry | Cornelius Vanderbilt, Andrew Carnegie, Henry Ford, J.P. Morgan and Thomas Edison. | |
| 676506790 | influence of the Railroads on the West | Traveling by wagon or river from say, St. Louis to Oregon took months. It could be done in a couple of days by rail. Railroads stimulated local economies in all sorts of ways - trains had to regularly take on more water, coal, mail and whatever freight was waiting for it at the station. At the more important stops, such as near a gold strike, hotels would spring up along with saloons, barbershops, brothels, etc. As for migration, that's how the West was ripped from the Native Americans and turned into ranches and farms. | |
| 676506791 | Homestead Act of 1862 | The new land allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres (a quarter section)by living on it for five years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about 30 $. The standard 160 acres, quite inadequate in the well-watered Mississippi basin, frequently proved pitfuly inadequate on the rain-scarce Great Plains. | |
| 676506792 | The AF of L | Solid but narrow foundations. It was willing to let unskilled laborers, including women and especially blacks, fend for nonpolitical. | |
| 676506793 | Wasbash, st lous and Pacific Rail road Company V. illinois | Decreed that individual states had no power to regulate interstate commerce | |
| 676506794 | The National Grange of Patrons of Husbandry | Better known as the Grange- was organized in 1867.Its leading spirit was Oliver H. Kelly. Kelley's first objective was to enhance the lives of isolated farmers through social, educational, and fraternal activities. | |
| 676506795 | Coxey | were arrested for walking on the grass. | |
| 676506796 | William Jennings bryan | The Cross of Gold speech. He forced the free trade issue | |
| 676506797 | Free silver 16:1 | "heaven born ratio" this meant the silver was worth about 50 cents. | |
| 676506798 | Populist | Out of the Farmers Alliance a new political party emerged in the early 1890s- these frustrated farmers attacked Wall street and the money trust. | |
| 676506799 | Marcus Hana | Beileved that a prime function of the government was to aid bussiness. he had made a fortune in the iron business and now coveted the role of president maker. Was also apart of the election of 1896 wanted to sponsor the high tarrif as his campaign | |
| 676506800 | major Strikes of the 19century | Pullman Strike,Railroad strike of 1877,Haymarket square riot 1876, Homestead Strike of 1892 | |
| 676506801 | Mugwamps | Republicans political corruption social or economic reforms. Old ways of the blacks you have factions in your political party | |
| 676506802 | natives | They took away jobs and were uneducated. Immigrants were suppose to make process with this. | |
| 676506803 | The Election of 1896 | Significance- monetary policy -weather to maintain the gold standard or inflate currency by monetizing the silver. The outcome was to lower silver wadges when McKinely was president. |
