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| 12925441340 | Warren G. Harding | Pres.1921 laissez-faire, little regard for government or presidency. "return to normalcy" after Wilson and his progressive ideals. Office became corrupt: allowed drinking in prohibition, had an affair, surrounded himself w/ cronies (used office for private gain). Died after 3 years in office, VP: Coolidge took over |  | 0 |
| 12925441341 | Charles Evans Hughes | A reformist Republican governor of New York, who had gained fame as an investigator of malpractices by gas and insurance companies and by the coal trust. He later ran against Wilson in the 1916 election. |  | 1 |
| 12925441342 | Andrew Mellon | An American financier, he was appointed Secretary of the Treasury by President Harding in 1921 and served under Coolidge and Hoover. While he was in office, the government reduced the WW I debt by $9 billion and Congress cut income tax rates substantially. He is often called the greatest Secretary of the Treasury after Hamilton. |  | 2 |
| 12925441343 | Herbert Hoover | 1928; Republican; approach to economy known as voluntarism (avoid destroying individuality/self-reliance by government coercion of business); of course, in 1929 the stock market crashed; tried to fix it through creating the Emergency Relief and Construction Act and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (didn't really work) |  | 3 |
| 12925441344 | Albert B. Fall | Secretary of the interior for Warren Harding, caused the Teapot Dome Scandal |  | 4 |
| 12925441345 | Harry M. Daugherty | was an American politician. He is best known as a Republican Party boss, and member of the Ohio Gang, the name given to the group of advisers surrounding president Warren G. Harding. |  | 5 |
| 12925441346 | Frank Kellogg | U.S Secretary of State in 1928 who is credited with arranging an international treaty that was designed to renounce war and promote peace |  | 6 |
| 12925441347 | Charles R. Forbes | He skimmed money as chief of the Veterans Bureau. He and his crowd pilfered about $200 million while building veterans hospitals. He spent a whopping two years in jail. |  | 7 |
| 12925441348 | Calvin Coolidge | (1923-1925) and (1925-1929), taciturn; small gov't conservative; laissez faire ideology; in favor of immigration restriction (Immigration Act); reduced the tax burden; the Bonus Bill was passed over his veto; Revenue Act of 1924; Kellogg-Briand Pact |  | 8 |
| 12925441349 | John W. Davis | This Clarksburg native, who was the Democratic presidential nominee in 1924, represented the school systems in the historic U.S. Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education. |  | 9 |
| 12925441350 | Robert La Follette | 1855-1925. Progressive Wisconsin Senator and Governor. Staunch supporter of the Progressive movement, and vocal opponent of railroad trusts, bossism, WWI, and League of Nations. |  | 10 |
| 12925441351 | Charles Dawes | An American banker and diplomat, he negotiated an agreement between France, Britain, and Germany that American banks would make loans to Germans which would enable them to meet their reparations payments |  | 11 |
| 12925441352 | Douglas MacArthur | A General who commanded a broad offensive against the Japanese that would move north from Australia, through New Guinea, and eventually to the Philippines. Was tasked with taking down the Bonus Army. |  | 12 |
| 12925441353 | Henry Stimson | Hoover's secretary of state, who sought sanctions against Japan for its aggression in Manchuria |  | 13 |
| 12925441354 | Alfred Smith | First Catholic nominee for president, known as the "Common Man," elected to New York State Assembly in 1903, sought Democratic presidential nomination in 1924, ran as Democratic candidate in 1928. Ties with Tammany Hall. |  | 14 |
| 12925441355 | "Ohio Gang" | A group of poker-playing, men that were friends of President Warren Harding. Harding appointed them to offices and they used their power to gain money for themselves. They were involved in scandals that ruined Harding's reputation even though he wasn't involved. |  | 15 |
| 12925441356 | Adkins v. Children's Hospital | Declared unconstitutional a minimum wage law for women on the grounds that it denied women freedom of contract |  | 16 |
| 12925441357 | steel strike of 1919 | A work stoppage that began when some 365,000 steelworkers in Pennsylvania walked off the job to demand recognition of their union, higher wages, and shorter hours. Post-WWI strike, the greatest in American history, led by the AFL that eventually failed under the pressure of the Red Scare. |  | 17 |
| 12925441358 | American Legion | World War I veterans' group that promoted patriotism and economic benefits for former servicemen | 18 | |
| 12925441359 | Washington Disarmament Conference | An international conference on the limitation of naval fleet construction begins in Washington. Under the leadership of the American Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes the representatives of the USA, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan pledge not to exceed the designated sizes of their respective naval fleets |  | 19 |
| 12925441360 | Four-Power Treaty | 1921. Treaty between the US, Great Britain, France, and Japan to maintain the status quo in the South Pacific, that no countries could seek further territorial gain. |  | 20 |
| 12925441361 | Nine-Power Treaty | 1922. Treaty that was essentially a reinvention of the Open Door Policy. All members to allow equal and fair trading rights with China. Signed by (9) US, Japan, China, France, Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal. |  | 21 |
| 12925441362 | Kellogg-Briand Pact | Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another |  | 22 |
| 12925441363 | Fordney-McCumber Tariff | 1922 and 1930, raised tariffs extremely high on manufactured goods; benefited domestic manufacturers, but limited foreign trade |  | 23 |
| 12925441364 | Teapot Dome Scandal | 1929 - The Naval strategic oil reserve at Elk Hills, also known as "Tea Pot Dome" was taken out of the Navy's control and placed in the hands of the Department of the Interior, which leased the land to oil companies. Several Cabinet members received huge payments as bribes. Due to the investigation government officials Daugherty, Denky, and Fall were forced to resign. |  | 24 |
| 12925441365 | McNary-Haugen Bill | A plan to rehabilitate American agriculture by raising the domestic prices of farm products *Effects of the protective tariff and burdens of debt and taxation had created a serious agricultural depression and grew steadily worse |  | 25 |
| 12925441366 | Dawes Plan | A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success. |  | 26 |
| 12925441367 | "Hoovercrats" | "Dry," Protestant southern Democrats who rebelled against their party's "wet," Catholic presidential nominee in 1928 and voted for the Republican candidate |  | 27 |
| 12925441368 | Hawley-Smoot Tariff | charged a high tax for imports thereby leading to less trade between America and foreign countries along with some economic retaliation |  | 28 |
| 12925441369 | Black Tuesday | October 29, 1929; date of the worst stock-market crash in American history and beginning of the Great Depression. |  | 29 |
| 12925441370 | Muscle Shoals Bill | Hoover fights all schemes he regards as "socialistic". This was designed to dam the Tennessee River and was ultimately embraced by Franklin Roosevelt's Tennessee Valley Authority. (He thinks that it is suspiciously "socialistic"). Hoover vetoed this measure because he opposed the government's selling electricity in competition with its own citizens in private companies. |  | 30 |
| 12925441371 | Reconstruction Finance Corporation | Agency established in 1932 to provide emergency relief to large businesses, insurance companies, and banks. |  | 31 |
| 12925441372 | Norris-LaGuardia Act | (Hoover) attempt to improve the lot of the union worker. It outlawed Yellow Dog Contracts, banned federal courts from issuing injunctions against workers in non-violent strikes, and protected the right of workers to unionize |  | 32 |
| 12925441373 | Bonus Army | 1932 - Facing the financial crisis of the Depression, WW I veterans tried to pressure Congress to pay them their retirement bonuses early. Congress considered a bill authorizing immediate assurance of $2.4 billion, but it was not approved. Angry veterans marched on Washington, D.C., and Hoover called in the army to get the veterans out of there. |  | 33 |
| 12925441374 | Stimson doctrine | 1932, Hoover's Secretary of State said the US would not recognize territorial changes resulting from Japan's invasion of Manchuria |  | 34 |
| 12925441375 | Old Guard | One of two major factions largely within the Republican party, composed of the party regulars and professional politicians. They were preoccupied with building up the party machinery, developing party loyalty, and acquiring and dispensing patronage. They were challenged by progressives from around 1896 to the 1930s. | 35 | |
| 12925441376 | Esch-Cummins Transportation Act of 1920 | Encouraged private consolidation of the railroads and pledged the Interstate Commerce Commission to guarantee their profitability. |  | 36 |
| 12925441377 | Merchant Marine Act of 1920 | authorized the Shipping Board, which controlled about 1500 vessels, to dispose of much of the hastily built wartime fleet at bargain-basement prices | 37 | |
| 12925441378 | Railway Labor Board | ordered a wage cut of 12% in 1922; provoked a 2 month strike; strike ended when Attorney General Daugherty clamped injunctions on strikers (unions wilted and membership dropped to 30%) | 38 | |
| 12925441379 | Veterans Bureau | Federal bureau created in 1921 to provide hospitals and services to disabled veterans | 39 | |
| 12925441380 | 1924 Adjusted Compensation Act | Gave every veteran a paid-up insurance policy due in 20 years, adding another $3.5 billion to the war costs. |  | 40 |
| 12925441381 | Isolation | A policy of non-participation in international economic and political relations |  | 41 |
| 12925441382 | Five-Power Treaty (1922) | This naval limitation treaty, signed by the U.S., Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy, set a ship ratio for the countries involved and called for the scrapping of 1,900,000 tons of warships. |  | 42 |
| 12925441383 | Capper-Volstead Act | Act driven through congress by the "farm bloc" of congressmen; it exempted farmers' marketing cooperatives from antitrust prosecution. | 43 | |
| 12925441384 | WWI Debt | After the Versailles treaty, Germany was expected to pay 132 billion gold marks to France and Britain. Weimar republic paid in 1921 but declared unable to pay more in 1922. Britain and France were also in debt to America from War Loans. |  | 44 |
| 12925441385 | "Rum, Romanism, and Ruin" | mudslinging accusation onto Al Smith | 45 | |
| 12925441386 | Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929 | This act established the Federal Farm Board, a lending bureau for hard-pressed farmers. The act also aimed to help farmers help themselves through new producers' cooperatives. As the depression worsened in 1930, the Board tried to bolster falling prices by buying up surpluses, but it was unable to cope with the flood of farm produce to market. |  | 46 |
| 12925441387 | Overproduction | a situation in which the supply of manufactured goods exceeds the demand |  | 47 |
| 12925441388 | Overexpansion | extreme expansion to a uncontrollable point (as in a country) or to its breaking point (as in a rubberband) | 48 | |
| 12925441389 | Anemia Abroad | Depression in America was further pushed downward by a chain reaction financial collapse in Europe. | 49 | |
| 12925441390 | Hoovervilles | Depression shantytowns, named after the president whom many blamed for their financial distress |  | 50 |
| 12925441391 | Rugged Individualism | Herbert Hoover's belief that people must be self-reliant and not depend upon the federal government for assistance. |  | 51 |
| 12925441392 | Trickle-down basis | Hoover gave relief to big corporations thinking that they would spend money and give it to the bottom of economic pyramid relieving all nation. | 52 | |
| 12925441393 | Pump Priming | economic theory that favored public works projects because they put money into the hands of consumers who would buy more goods, stimulating the economy |  | 53 |
| 12925441394 | Bonus Expeditionary Force | Thousands of World War I veterans, who insisted on immediate payment of their bonus certificates, marched on Washington in 1932; violence ensued when President Herbert Hoover ordered their tent villages cleared. |  | 54 |
| 12925441395 | Manchuria | Province in northeast China invaded by Japan in September 1931 |  | 55 |
| 12925441396 | Good Neighbor Policy | FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations w/Latin America by using economic influence rater than military force in the region |  | 56 |
