Terms : Hide Images
| 342170747 | Japanese internment | Japanese and Japanese Americans from the West Coast of the United States during WWII. While approximately 10,000 were able to relocate to other parts of the country of their own choosing, the remainder-roughly 110,000 me, women and children-were sent to hastly constructed camps called "War Relocation Centers" in remote portions of the nation's interior. | |
| 342170748 | Korematsu v. United States | A 1944 Supreme Court decision that upheld as constitutional the internment of more than 100,000 Americans of Japanese descent in encampments during World War II. | |
| 342170749 | Issei | Name for Japanese immigrants during the war who were not eligible for US citizenship b/c of their race; Japanese immigrants in America who were born in Japan. | |
| 342170750 | Nisei | American-born children of Japanese immigrants; second generation Japanese Americans. | |
| 342170751 | War Production Board | During WWII, FDR established it to allocated scarce materials, limited or stopped the production of civilian goods, and distributed contracts among competing manufacturers | |
| 342170752 | Henry J. Kaiser | An American industrialist who won a government contract to build "Liberty Ships", which were cargo ships used in WWII. He made records when he churned out 1 ship every 14 days and became known as the father of modern American shipbuilding. He established the Kaiser Shipyard after which he formed Kaiser Aluminum and Kaiser Steel. | |
| 342170753 | Office of Price Administration | Instituted in 1942, this agency was in charge of stabilizing prices and rents and preventing speculation, profiteering, hoarding and price administration. The OPA froze wages and prices and initiated a rationing program for items such as gas, oil, butter, meat, sugar, coffee and shoes in order to support the war effort and prevent inflation. | |
| 342170754 | War Labor Board | (WLB) settled disputes between business and labor without strikes so that production would not be interrupted and morale would be high, , settled disputes over wages and working hours and tried to prevent strikes | |
| 342170755 | GI | Term used for American soldiers in World War II, derived from the term "Government Issue" | |
| 342170756 | Rosie the Riveter | A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories. It became a rallying symbol for women to do their part. | |
| 342170757 | A. Phillip Randolph | He demanded equal opportunities in war jobs and armed forces during WWII. He helped encourage the end of segregation in the military, although that happened after the war., African American labor leader who, in 1941, demanded that the government ban discrimination against Backs in defense industries (Negro March on Washington) | |
| 342170758 | Negro March on Washington | In 1941 Philip Randolph and Baynard Rustin began to organize a march to Washington to protest against discrimination in the defense industries. In May Randolph issued a "Call to Negro America to March on Washington for Jobs and Equal Participation in National Defense on July, 1, 1941". | |
| 342170759 | Fair Employment Practices Commission | FDR issued this committee in 1941 to enforce the policy of prohibiting employment-related discrimination practices by federal agencies, unions, and companies involved in war-related work It guaranteed the employment of 2 million black workers in the war factories. | |
| 342170760 | Congress of Racial Equality | During WWII, African Americans formed this militant organization to promote racial equality through peaceful means | |
| 342170761 | Chiang Kai-shek | Leader of the nationalist government in China from 1925 until World War Two; he focused on defeating the communists in China during the Long March | |
| 342170762 | Douglas MacArthur | United States general who served as chief of staff and commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II | |
| 342170763 | Bataan Death March | April 1942, American soldiers were forced to march 65 miles to prison camps by their Japanese captors. It is called the Death March because so may of the prisoners died en route. | |
| 342170764 | Battle of the Coral Sea | A battle between Japanese and American naval forces that stopped the Japanese advance on Australia and New Guinea | |
| 342170765 | Battle of Midway | U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II. | |
| 342170766 | Chester Nimitz | Nimitz served as an Admiral in the Battle of Midway in 1942. He commanded the American fleet in the Pacific Ocean and learned the Japanese plans through "magic" decoding of their radio messages. With this intercepted information, Nimitz headed the Japanese off and defeated them. | |
| 342170767 | Guadalcanal | one of the Solomon Islands in southwest Pacific, Japanese building airstrip, August 1942 battle, Allies won their first land victory over Japan. | |
| 342170768 | Island Hopping strategy | WWII US strategy against Japan in the Pacific. The goal was to move the war closer to Japan: when US forces move from island to island using each as a base to capture the next | |
| 342170769 | Marshal Erwin Rommel | Led German forces at El Alamein; was defeated by Britain's Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery. | |
| 342170770 | North African invasions | Invasion led by Eisenhower to seize the Mediterranean sea, open trade lines to India and other parts of Asia, and distract from mainland Europe | |
| 342170771 | El Alamein | Town in Egypt, site of the victory by Britain's Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery over German forces led by General Erwin Rommel (the 'Desert Fox') in 1942-1943. | |
| 342170772 | Stalingrad | City in Russia, site of a Red Army victory over the Germany army in 1942-1943. The Battle of Stalingrad was the turning point in the war between Germany and the Soviet Union. , Decisive battle in German invasion of Russia, the Germans were surrounded and systemically destroyed | |
| 342170773 | The second front | Stalin desired for the US to create a second front that would protect the Soviet Union and Russian troops and would distract Germans from the fighting in Russia. Declined by FDR twice before D-Day. Cause of bitterness between US and USSR. | |
| 342170774 | Casablanca Conference | Jan. 14-23, 1943 - FDR and Chruchill met in Morocco to settle the future strategy of the Allies following the success of the North African campaign. They decided to launch an attack on Italy through Sicily before initiating an invasion into France over the English Channel. Also announced that the Allies would accept nothing less than Germany's unconditional surrender to end the war. | |
| 342170775 | Anzio | Allied amphibious landing against Axis forces in the area of Anzio and Nettuno, Italy | |
| 342170776 | Teheran Conference | December, 1943 - A meeting between FDR, Churchill and Stalin in Iran to discuss coordination of military efforts against Germany, they repeated the pledge made in the earlier Moscow Conference to create the United Nations after the war's conclusion to help ensure international peace. | |
| 342170777 | George S. Patton | General in the United States Army who helped lead the Allies to victory in the Battle of the Bulge. | |
| 342170778 | Thomas Dewey | Republican presidential nominee in 1944 who failed in his effort to deny FDR a fourth term | |
| 342170779 | Battle of the Bulge | December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled along the German border. In the winter of 1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses. | |
| 342170780 | V-E Day | Victory in Europe, May 8, 1945 | |
| 342170781 | Fire Bomb raids on Tokyo | March 9-10 2945. The U.S. dropped bombs on Tokyo from Saipan & other captured islands. Gutted 1/4 of the city, killed an estimated 83,000 people. | |
| 342170782 | Kamikazes | in World War II, Japanese pilots who loaded their aircraft with bombs and crashed them into enemy ships | |
| 342170783 | Potsdam conference | The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War. | |
| 342170784 | Manhattan Project | Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States. | |
| 342170785 | Hiroshima and Nagasaki | nuclear attacks during World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States of America at the order of U.S. President Harry S. Truman | |
| 342170786 | V-J Day | "Victory over Japan day" is the celebration of the Surrender of Japan, which was initially announced on August 15, 1945 |
