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| 1171289640 | Plessy v. Ferguson | a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation, "Separate But equal" | 0 | |
| 1171289641 | Jim Crow | (AJohn) , Limited rights of blacks. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights. Lynching becomes popular. Jim Crow was a stereotypical black person | 1 | |
| 1171289642 | Ida B. Wells | African American journalist. published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcards or shop in white owned stores | 2 | |
| 1171289643 | Great Railroad Strike of 1877 | July, 1877 - A large number of railroad workers went on strike because of wage cuts. After a month of strikes, President Hayes sent troops to stop the rioting. The worst railroad violence was in Pittsburgh, with over 100 people killed by militia men. | 3 | |
| 1171289644 | Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) | (1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate. American workers felt threatened by the job competition. | 4 | |
| 1171289645 | Kearneyites | Terrorized and murdered the chinese, led by Denis Kearney | 5 | |
| 1171289646 | Half Breeds | Favored tariff reform and social reform, major issues from the Democratic and Republican parties. They did not seem to be dedicated members of either party. | 6 | |
| 1171289647 | Stalwarts | A faction of the Republican party in the ends of the 1800s Supported the political machine and patronage. Conservatives who hated civil service reform. | 7 | |
| 1171289648 | Election of 1880 | James A. Garfield, Chester A. Arthur (republicans). Winfield Scott (democrats). Garfield won election, but was assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau | 8 | |
| 1171289649 | Charles Guiteau | Killed Garfield thinking he would get a job. Leads to questioning of the spoils system | 9 | |
| 1171289650 | Election of 1884 | James G Blaine was nominated by the Republicans, while Grover Cleveland was the Democratic nominee. The Independent Republicans, known as "Mugwumps," supported Cleveland, which cost Blaine the election. The Democrats controlled the House, while the Republicans dominated the Senate. | 10 | |
| 1186645173 | Laissez-Faire | Hands off. No government intervention in business. | 11 | |
| 1186645174 | Interstate Commerce Commission | -Government agency organized to oversee railroad commerce -had a ton of loopholes, and gov't didn't really enforce | 12 | |
| 1186645175 | Dependent Pension Act | 1890 passed in Congress and signed by President Harrison. It was the same bill that Cleveland had vetoed, allowing veterans dependent on manual labor and unable to work, whether or not the reason was connected to military service, to collect pensions. Pension rolls doubled between 18890 and 1893 causing the treasury to start draining | 13 | |
| 1186645176 | Sherman Anti-trust act | an 1890 law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States | 14 | |
| 1186645177 | McKinley Tariff | 1890 tariff that raised protective tariff levels by nearly 50%, making them the highest tariffs on imports in the United States history | 15 | |
| 1186645178 | Depression of 1893 | Caused by excessive building and overspeculation as well as a continued agricultural depression along with the free coining of silver and the collecting of debts by European banking houses, this was the worst economic downturn of the nineteenth century | 16 | |
| 1186645179 | Wilson-Gorman Tariff | Meant to be a reduction of the McKinley Tariff, it would have created a graduated income tax, which was ruled unconstitutional. | 17 | |
| 1186645180 | Pullman Strike | in Chicago, Pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", Eugene Debs had American Railway Union refuse to use Pullman cars, Debs thrown in jail after being sued, strike achieved nothing | 18 | |
| 1186645181 | Mugwumps | A group of renegade Republicans who supported 1884 Democratic presidential nominee Grover Cleveland instead of their party's nominee, James G. Blaine. | 19 | |
| 1186645182 | Pendleton Civil Service Act | (1883): Did away with the "spoils system" and made the hiring of federal employees merit based. | 20 | |
| 1186645183 | Compromise of 1877 | ..., Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river | 21 | |
| 1186645184 | Cleveland Scandal | -politicians believed that Grover Cleveland had fathered a child out of wedlock -"Ma Ma Where's my pa?" | 22 | |
| 1199775861 | benefits of transcontinental railways | -helped to bind the nation together -Union built new railroads during the war -timezones invented -more jobs invented | 23 | |
| 1199775862 | Chinese Immigrants | -mostly came to work on railroads -were not treated well because of job competition | 24 | |
| 1199775863 | Fisk-Gould scandal | Black Friday, September 24, 1869 also known as the Fisk/Gould scandal, was a financial panic in the United States caused by two speculators' efforts to corner the gold market on the New York Gold Exchange. It was one of several scandals that rocked the presidency of Ulysses S. Grant. | 25 | |
| 1199775864 | Credit-Mobilier scandal | This scandal occurred in the 1870s when a railroad construction company's stockholders used funds that were supposed to be used to build the Union Pacific Railroad for railroad construction for their own personal use. To avoid being convicted, stockholders even used stock to bribe congressional members and the vice president. | 26 | |
| 1199775865 | corruption in railroads | -tons of scandals (Fisk-Gould scandal. credit mobilier scandal) -embezzlement was common -little gov't regulation -tons of manipulation -railroad companies formed trusts amongst eachother | 27 | |
| 1199775866 | Wabash case | -Court case that resulted in the federal gov't having little control over businesses. | 28 | |
| 1201576064 | Alexander Graham Bell | invented the telephone | 29 | |
| 1201576065 | Thomas Edison | invented a lot of things, including the light bulb | 30 | |
| 1201576066 | Why did the US have so much industry? | liquid capital (coal, oil, and iron) | 31 | |
| 1201576067 | Andrew Carnegie | Creates Carnegie Steel. Gets bought out by banker JP Morgan and renamed U.S. Steel. Andrew Carnegie used vertical integration by buying all the steps needed for production. Was a philanthropist. Was one of the "Robber barons" | 32 | |
| 1201576068 | Vanderbilt | United States financier who accumulated great wealth from railroad and shipping businesses (1794-1877) | 33 | |
| 1201576069 | Rockefeller | By the middle of the 1880s, he monopolized the oil industry in the United States. | 34 | |
| 1201576070 | JP Morgan | An influential banker and businessman who bought and reorganized companies. His US Steel company would buy Carnegie steel and become the largest business in the world in 1901 | 35 | |
| 1201576071 | Vertical Integration | Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution | 36 | |
| 1201576072 | Horizontal Integration | Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Ex. Rockefeller | 37 | |
| 1201576073 | Gospel of Wealth | the belief that those entrusted with societys riches had to prove themselves morally responsible | 38 | |
| 1201576074 | How did the South fall into a "third world" after the war? | -Even though the south had industrialized, the North had kept regulations to keep the south from competing with the North -there were still cheap jobs for the south on Oil, coal, and steel plants. Wage was cheap but the South was eager for employment -Northern millionaires gave jobs to the South | 39 | |
| 1201576075 | Women in industrialization | -Women were getting out of the house and working especially cities -women still received little pay -Gibson girl was made but unrealistic for most of the working women | 40 | |
| 1201576076 | New Immigrants | Immigrants who came to the United States during and after the 1880s; most were from southern and eastern Europe. | 41 | |
| 1201576077 | Farmers in industrialization | -unemployment was always in view -family illness was disastrous | 42 | |
| 1201576078 | Knights of Labor | 1st effort to create National union. Open to everyone but lawyers and bankers. Vague program, no clear goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed | 43 | |
| 1201576079 | Haymarket riot | A demonstration of striking laborers in Chicago in 1886 that turned violent, killing a dozen people and injuring over a hundred. | 44 | |
| 1201576080 | American Federation of Labor | (GC2) , Samuel Gompers, a union for skilled laborers that fought for worker rights in a non-violent way. It provided skilled laborers with a union that was unified, large, and strong. | 45 | |
| 1202273386 | Massacre at Wounded knee | 1890 shooting by army troops of a group of unarmed Sioux. Marked the end of any widespread Native American resistance to the US Government. | 46 | |
| 1202273387 | Great Sioux War | In 1874, Lieutenant Colonel Custard led an exploratory expedition into the Black Hills, which the US government had promised to the Sioux Indians. Miners soon followed and the army did nothing to keep them out. Eventually, the army attacked the Sioux Indians and the fight against them lasted fifteen months before the Sioux Indians were forced to give up their land and move onto a reservation. | 47 | |
| 1202940586 | The new industrial city and it's impact on society | -more and more cities formed, population skyrocketed -European immigrants saw America as the land opportunity, so they immigrated there -city life was incredibly dirty, most ppl were poor -having lots of children in the farm land meant more hands to help, more children in cities meant more crowded living quarters and more mouths to feed -mass transit formed -ppl had to find new methods of waste disposal | 48 | |
| 1202940587 | Hull houses | founded by Jane Addams. First in Chicago. Helped provide assistance and friendship to the poor. These houses were privately funded and offered classes in English and reading to immigrants leave the ravish life style | 49 | |
| 1202940588 | Restrictions for new immigrants | -literacy tests, proposed but turned down -Congress banned convicts, criminals, and poor ppl from entering the country -Chinese Exclusion Act | 50 | |
| 1202940589 | Religious life | -Churches were given a bed rep. since they failed to help the poverty rates -religious ppl thought that the devil had won -religious revival was encouraged -Moody Bible by Dwight Lyman Moody preached peace and kindness -YMCA established | 51 | |
| 1202940590 | Mary Baker Eddy | Founded the Church of Christian Scientists and set forth the basic doctrine of Christian Science. | 52 | |
| 1202940591 | Catholicism and Judaism | -gained many new followers from the immigration -Catholic schools were built and spread -Salvation Army founded to help poor | 53 | |
| 1202940592 | Cardinal Gibbons | -catholic who preached american unity | 54 | |
| 1202940593 | Darwinism | A theory of organic evolution claiming that new species arise and are perpetuated by natural selection, lead to a huge debate on whether evolution or creationism was to be taught in school. Also angered Fundamentalists. | 55 | |
| 1202940594 | Modernists | This group of people supported Darwinism and they refused to accept the bible as history or science. | 56 | |
| 1202940595 | Robert G. Ingersoll | first person to deny creationism | 57 | |
| 1202940596 | Education | -Debate between the education of creationism or evolution -public schools spread and free textbooks all tax-supported -ppl believed that education would reduce poverty -south had terrible education -colleges for women were sprouting up (Vasser) -coed and black colleges were emerging -many Ivy Leagues were founded from donations -New medical and science schools | 58 | |
| 1203089913 | Morrill Act | passed by Congress in 1862, this law distributed millions of acres of western lands to state governments in order to fund state agricultural colleges. | 59 | |
| 1203089914 | Booker T. Washington | African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality. | 60 | |
| 1203089915 | W.E.B Debois | Scholar and activist. Became the first black to earn a Ph.D. Believed that Blacks should get immediate equality, and founded the NAACP | 61 | |
| 1203089916 | Yellow Journalism | Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers | 62 | |
| 1203089917 | Horatio Alger | Popular novelist during the Industrial Revolution who wrote "rags to riches" books praising the values of hard work | 63 | |
| 1203089918 | Mark Twain | United States writer and humorist best known for his novels about Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn (1835-1910). Also gave the Gilded Age it's name | 64 | |
| 1203089919 | Stephan Crane | Wrote brilliantly and realistically about industrial, urban America in Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (1893). It old of a girl-turned-prostitute and then suicide; 'Red Badge of Courage' | 65 | |
| 1203089920 | Henry James | Also a pseudo-realist, he was an author who wrote books about the rich and expatriates. Daisy Miller | 66 | |
| 1203089921 | Jack London | A young California writer and adventurer who portrayed the conflict between nature and civilization in his novels. | 67 | |
| 1203089922 | Theodore Dreiser | A naturalist whose books, such as Sister Carrie (1900), The Financier (1912), and The Titan (1914), shocked the genteel public by presenting protagonists who sinned without remorse and without punishment. | 68 | |
| 1203089923 | Charlotte Perkins Gilman | A major feminist prophet during the late 19th and early 20th century. She published "Women and Economics" which called on women to abandon their dependent status and contribute more to the community through the economy. She created centralized nurseries and kitchens to help get women into the work force. | 69 | |
| 1203089924 | Social Gospel | A movement in the late 1800s / early 1900s which emphasized charity and social responsibility as a means of salvation. | 70 | |
| 1203089925 | Literature | -books were being published about controversial topics such as sex, divorce, and birth control | 71 | |
| 1214553153 | Benjamin Harrison | 1888; Republicn; signed the McKinley Tariff and the Sherman Anti-Trust Act (which was not really enforced until Teddy Roosevelt came along); more states admitted during his presidency than any other except Washington's | 72 | |
| 1214553154 | William Jennings Bryan | Democratic candidate for president in 1896 under the banner of "free silver coinage" which won him support of the Populist Party. | 73 | |
| 1214553155 | Horace Greeley | An American editor of a leading newspaper, a founder of the Republican party, reformer and politician He helped support reform movements and anti-slavery efforts through his New York Tribune newspaper | 74 | |
| 1214553156 | Samuel Tilden | Democratic candidate for presidency in 1876 won popular vote but was one vote short in electoral college, as compromise the republican candidate (Hayes) became president if troops were withdrawn from South ending the Reconstruction era | 75 | |
| 1214553157 | Czar Reed | Republican speaker of the house who used tough tactics to overcome democratic opposition and pass large spending bills. p.556 | 76 | |
| 1214553158 | Free silver | Political issue involving the unlimited coinage of silver, supported by farmers and William Jennings Bryan | 77 | |
| 1214553159 | Thomas Nast | Newspaper cartoonist who produced satirical cartoons, he invented "Uncle Sam" and came up with the elephant and the donkey for the political parties. He nearly brought down Boss Tweed. | 78 | |
| 1214553160 | Sherman Silver Purchase Act | Increased the amount of silver the gov. baught for coinage, but the money supply did not increase enough to satisfy silver supporters | 79 | |
| 1214553161 | National Labor Union | 1866 - established by William Sylvis - wanted 8 hour work days, banking reform, and an end to conviction labor - attempt to unite all laborers. Led to the creation of unions. | 80 | |
| 1214553162 | Bessemer-Kelly process | cheap way of turning iron into steel | 81 | |
| 1214553163 | James B Duke | Made tobacco a profitable crop in the modern South, he was a wealthy tobacco industrialist. | 82 | |
| 1214553164 | stock watering | Price manipulation by strategic stock brokers of the late 1800s. The term for selling more stock than they actually owned in order to lower prices, then buying it back. | 83 | |
| 1214553165 | Terence v. Powderly | Knights of Labor leader, opposed strikes, producer-consumer cooperation, temperance, welcomed blacks and women (allowing segregation) | 84 | |
| 1214553166 | Wedding of the rails | nickname for the site where the union pacific and central pacific met in ogden utah | 85 | |
| 1214553167 | Louis Sullivan | United States architect known for his steel framed skyscrapers and for coining the phrase 'form follows function' (1856-1924) | 86 | |
| 1214553168 | Victoria Woodhull | Shook the pillars of conventional morality when she publicly proclaimed her belief in free love in 1871. She was a divorcee, sometime stockbroker, and a tireless feminist propagandist. | 87 | |
| 1214553169 | Prohibition in the 19th century | -views of prohibition sparked through church groups | 88 | |
| 1214553170 | Theodore Dreiser | A naturalist whose books, such as Sister Carrie (1900), The Financier (1912), and The Titan (1914), shocked the genteel public by presenting protagonists who sinned without remorse and without punishment. | 89 | |
| 1214553171 | Comstock Law | is a United States federal law which made it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, and/or lascivious" materials through the mail, including contraceptive devices and information | 90 | |
| 1214553172 | Buffalo Bill | Frontiersmen turn showman who portrayed the conquest of the west as a triumphant defeat of savagery | 91 | |
| 1214553173 | Dumbbell Tenement | Houses that poor people lived in, located in cities Showed some atrocities of American industrial life. | 92 | |
| 1214553174 | hatch acts | A federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics. | 93 | |
| 1214553175 | PT Barnum | the famous and unscrupulous showman, opened the American Museum in New York in 1842, not a showcase for art or nature, but a great freak show populated by midgets, Siamese twins, magicians, and ventriloquists, eventually launching his famous circus | 94 | |
| 1214553176 | Pragmatists | Chinese Communist politicians such as Zhou Enlai, Deng Ziaoping, and Liu Shaoqui; determined to restore state direction and market incentives at the local level; opposed Great Leap Forward. | 95 | |
| 1214553177 | Carrie A. Nation | muscualr and anti derranged woman, she estroyed saloons in her wild anti drinking crusade. | 96 | |
| 1214553178 | Geronimo | Apache chieftain who raided the white settlers in the Southwest as resistance to being confined to a reservation (1829-1909) | 97 | |
| 1214553179 | Little Bighorn | (1876) Battle during which the Sioux Tribe defeated the U.S. Army forces led by Colonel George A. Custer. | 98 | |
| 1214553180 | Eugene V Debs | Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over. | 99 | |
| 1214553181 | Great Sioux Reservation | where Native Americans were herded by the federal government after giving up their ancestral land for the promise of being left alone with food and clothingthey were never sufficiently taken care of) | 100 | |
| 1214553182 | Sand Creek Massacre | In Colorado territory in 1864, U.S army colonel John M. Chivington led a surprise attack on a peaceful Cheyenne settlement along Sand Creek River. The Cheyenne under Chief Black kettle tried to surrender. First he waved the America Flag and the White flag of surrender. Chivington ignored the gestures. The U.S army killed about 200 Cheyenne during the conflict | 101 | |
| 1214553183 | Long Drive | General term for the herding of cattle from the grassy plains to the railroad terminals of Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming | 102 | |
| 1214553184 | Frederick Jackson Turner | "The Significance of the Frontier in American History": American needed a frontier [inspired by "closing of frontier"] | 103 | |
| 1214553185 | Gold Bugs | a person who believes that American currency should be based on a gold standard | 104 | |
| 1214553186 | George Armstrong Custer | United States general who was killed along with all his command by the Sioux at the battle of Little Bighorn (1839-1876) | 105 | |
| 1214553187 | Helen Hunt Jackson | United States writer of romantic novels about the unjust treatment of Native Americans (1830-1885), A century of Dishonor | 106 | |
| 1214553188 | boom/bust towns | Birmingham, Middlesboro, Roanoke | 107 | |
| 1214553189 | The grange | Originally a social organization between farmers, it developed into a political movement for government ownership of railroads | 108 | |
| 1215451969 | Joseph Pulitzer | He used yellow journalism in competition with Hearst to sell more newspapers. He also achieved the goal of becoming a leading national figure of the Democratic Party. | 109 |
