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| this document, the nations first constitution, was adopted by the second continental congress in 1781during the revolution. the document was limited because states held most of the power, and congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage | ||
| established that the settlement of a town would be six square miles and would contain land set aside for schools, A law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers. | ||
| A group of Massechusetts farmers led by Daniel Shay's protested after taxes were raised to pay for revolutionary debts, this conflict in Massachusetts caused many to criticize the Articles of Confederation and admit the weak central government was not working; uprising led by Daniel Shays in an effort to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who could not pay the taxes | ||
| called for representation based on population , Virginia delegate James Madison's plan of government, in which states got a number of representatives in Congress based on their population | ||
| called for equal representation, New Jersey delegate William Paterson's plan of government, in which states got an equal number of representatives in Congress | ||
| introduced by connecticut delegation; contained both new jersey and virginia plans; established a senate with two senators each state and house of representatives with representatives according to population, This plan or compromise was proposed by Roger Sherman, He proposed that the Congress would have two houses. A Senate and a House of Reps. Each state would have equal representation. And they would be based on population. | ||
| agreement at the constitutional Convention that 3/5 of the slaves in any state be counted in its population | ||
| opponents of the constitution who thought that it failed to balance power between the national and state government, opponents of a strong central government who campaigned against the ratification of the Constitution in favor of a confederation of independant states | ||
| believed in a strong central government, supporters of the stronger central govt. who advocated the ratification of the new constitution | ||
| Series of newspaper articles written by John Hay, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton which enumerated arguments in favor of the Constitution and refuted the arguments of the anti-federalists | ||
| John Adam's wife, she appealed to her husband to protect the rights of women | ||
| The idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate "civic virtue" in their children | ||
| laws that separation church and state, statement of religious liberty, written by Thomas Jefferson | ||
| ten, a statement of fundamental rights and privileges (especially the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution) | ||
| legislation passed by congress that created the federal court system | ||
| Designed to pay off the U.S.'s war debts and stabilize the economy, he believed that the United States should become a leading international commercial power. His programs included the creation of the National Bank, the establishment of the U.S.'s credit rate, increased tariffs, and an excise tax on whiskey. | ||
| way of interpreting the Constitution that allows the federal government to take only those actions the Constitution specifically says it can take | ||
| belief that the government can do anything that the constitution does not prohibit | ||
| a protest caused by tax on liquor; it tested the will of the government, Washington's quick response showed the government's strength and mercy | ||
| document which proclaimed official neutrality in the war between England and France | ||
| Was made up by John Jay. It said that Britain was to pay for Americans ships that were seized in 1793. It said that Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from before the revolution and Britain had agreed to remove their troops from the Ohio Valley | ||
| 1795 - Treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans. | ||
| This treaty between the Americans and the Native Americans. In exchange for some goods, the Indians gave the United States territory in Ohio. | ||
| An insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials Adams called "X,Y, and Z" that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand. | ||
| passed by federalists making it harder to become citizens and to deport any immigrant deemed dangerous. the second one outlawed the writing, speaking, or publications of false, scandalous, or malicious statements against the government | ||
| Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional. | ||
| a law that increased the number of federal judges, allowing President John Adams to fill most of the new posts with Federalists | ||
| Federalists dominated government but in 1800 Jefferson drove them out, resulting in Adam's last day in office he appointed Federalist judges to keep power for Federalists, The 16 judges that were added by the Judiciary Act of 1801 that were called this because Adams signed their appointments late on the last day of his administration. | ||
| established the principle that the Supreme Court has the final right to determine the constitutionality of legislation, Case in which the supreme court first asserted th power of Judicial review in finding that the congressional statue expanding the Court's original jurisdiction was unconstitutional | ||
| territory west of Mississippi obtained for 15 million dollars although constitutionally illegal, territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million | ||
| explored the vast territory west of the Mississippi; commissioned by Jefferson, These two men were selected by Jefferson to explore and map the land from the Mississippi to the Pacific, and to investigate prospects for Indian trade. | ||
| swiss-born treasury secretary for Jefferson who disliked national debt but kept most Hamiltonian economic measures in effect, He was Jefferson's secretary. Jefferson and Gallatin believed that to pay the interest on debt, there would have to be taxes. Taxes would suck money from industrious farmers and put it in the hands of wealthy creditors. | ||
| Plundering pirates off the Mediterranean coast of Africa; President Thomas Jefferson's refusal to pay them tribute to protect American ships sparked an undeclared naval war with North African nations | ||
| arbitrary seizure of goods or individuals by a government or its agents for public service | ||
| US Chesapeake was stopped mid-atlantic by the British Leopard. British demanded the return of four deserters US refused resulting in British attack | ||
| British established a blockade of part of the continent of Europe and prohibited trade with France unless American ships went to British ports first | ||
| prohibited US vessels from trading with European nations during the Napoleonic War | ||
| repealed embargo act reactivated AMeican commerce with all countries except warring French and British | ||
| Was designed to discourage the British and French interfering with US commerce by bribing England and France in repealing their restrictions on neutral shipping | ||
| a group of militants in Madison's Democratic-Republicans who wanted more aggressive policies toward the hostile British and French | ||
| Kentucky spokesman for the American System and key architect of the Missouri Compromise | ||
| created a pan-Indian military alliance against white expansion | ||
| Federalist Supreme Court justice impeached by the House but acquited by the Senate | ||
| ... | ||
| Federalist meeting to oppose the war which was hurting US industries and commerce | ||
| New Orleans captured with small army against British; occurred after the peace treaty that ended the war | ||
| This was an agreement between the US and Great Britain that ended the War of 1812 and provided that all territory captured wuld be returned | ||
| This protective tariff was made in order to defend industries established during the Napoleonic Wars | ||
| protective tariff proposed by Henry Clay | ||
| an agreement between US and Great Britain concerning the Canadian Border | ||
| Purchased eastern Florida with the sum of five million dollars | ||
| Defined Russian claims to the Oregon territory, fixing the southernmost border of present-day Alaska. | ||
| an agreement passed by congress in 1820 that allowed Missouri to be the 24th state | ||
| A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts. | ||
| one of the first nationalistic American writers | ||
| First great American novelist; published over thirty novels that mostly focused on adventure and the wilderness; helped to create distinct American genre of literature. | ||
| Protector of northern industrial interests. Advocated renewal of US Bank Charter., Senator who, originally pro-North, supported the Compromise of 1850 and subsequently lost favor from his constituency | ||
| The state of Maryland taxed banknotes produced by the Bank of the United States, claiming that the Bank was unconstitutional. Using implied powers, Marshall countered that the Bank was constitutional and ruled that Maryland was forbidden from taxing the Bank. | ||
| Gave control of interstate commerce to U.S. Congress (1824) | ||
| consisted of 3 principles: US abstain from European wars, European powers could not colonize American Continents and shouldn't attempt to colonize newly indepedent Spanish American Republics |
