Terms : Hide Images
| 85049233 | Corn or Maize | Staple crop that formed the economic foundation of Indian civilizations. | |
| 85049234 | Portugal | First European nation to send explorers around the west coast of Africa. | |
| 85049235 | Horse | Animal introduced by Europeans that changed Indian way of life on the Great Plains | |
| 85049236 | Treaty of Tordesillas | Treaty that secured Spanish title to lands in Americas by dividing them with Portugal. | |
| 85049237 | Mestizos | Person of mixed European and Indian ancestry. | |
| 85049238 | St. Augustine | Founded in 1565, it's the oldest continually inhabited European settlement in US territory | |
| 85049239 | Black Legend | Belief that the Spanish only killed, tortured, and stole in the Americas while doing nothing good | |
| 85049241 | Joint-stock | Forerunner of the modern corporation that enabled investors to pool capital for colonial ventures. | |
| 85049242 | Charter | Royal document granting a specified group the right to form a colony and guaranteeing settlers their rights as English citizens. | |
| 85049244 | Act of Toleration | Maryland statute of 1649 that granted religious freedom to all Christians, but not Jews and atheists. | |
| 85049245 | Squatters | Poor farmers in North Carolina and elsewhere who occupied land and raised crops without gaining legal title to the soil | |
| 85049247 | Ferdinand and Isabella | Financiers and beneficiaries of Columbus's voyages of discovery. | |
| 85049248 | Cortes | Conqueror of the Aztecs. | |
| 85049249 | Pizarro | Conqueror of the Incas. | |
| 85049250 | Dias and DaGama | Portuguese navigators who led early voyages of discovery. | |
| 85049251 | Columbus | Italian-born explorer who believed he arrived off the coast of Asia rather than on an unknown continent. | |
| 85049252 | Montezuma | Powerful Aztec monarch who fell to Spanish conquerors | |
| 85049253 | Elizabeth I | Unmarried English ruler who led England to national glory. | |
| 85049254 | Hiawatha | Legendary founder of the powerful Iroquois Confederation | |
| 85049255 | John Cabot | Italian-born explorer sent by the English to explore the coast of North America in 1498 | |
| 85049256 | Georgia | Founded by crown as a buffer state to protect the carolinas | |
| 85049257 | North Carolina | Colony that was called "a vale of humility between two mountains of conceit". | |
| 85049258 | Smith and Rolfe | leaders who rescued Jamestown from the "starving time". | |
| 85049259 | Maryland | Founded as a haven for Roman Catholics. | |
| 85049261 | South Carolina | Colony that turned to disease-resistant African-American slaves for labor in its extensive rice plantations. | |
| 85049262 | Raleigh and Gilbert | Elizabethan courtiers who failed in their attempts to found New World colonies. | |
| 85049284 | Santa Fe | 1st spanish settlement | |
| 85049285 | Jamestown | 1st English settlement | |
| 85049286 | Quebec | 1st French settlement | |
| 85049287 | Sir Francis Drake and the Sea Dogs | wanted to spread Protestantism and seize Spanish treasure; circumnavigated the globe | |
| 85049288 | Sir Walter Raleigh | started the colony of Roanoke | |
| 85049289 | Roanoke | colony in North Carolina founded by Sir Walter Raleigh- failure- disappeared in 1580's | |
| 85049290 | Virgin Queen | Queen Elizabeth | |
| 85049291 | Spanish Armada | Tried to fight against the English- destroyed by the sea dogs- *Turning point*- end of Spanish domination | |
| 85049292 | Virginia Company | a joint stock company- settled North America- guaranteed settlers same rights as Englishmen | |
| 85049293 | Charter | legal document giving certain rights to a person or company | |
| 85049294 | Captain John Smith | leader of Jamestown- helped by Pocahontas | |
| 85049295 | Powhatan | indian cheif who led a mock execution of Captain John Smith | |
| 85049296 | Pocahontas | protected John Smith and became an intermediary- provided peace and food | |
| 85049297 | Starving Time | name for the winter of 1609- severe famine | |
| 85049298 | Lord De La War | person who led the relief party to Jamestown- harsh military regime | |
| 85049299 | Irish Tactics | war methods used by Lord De La Ware against the Indians- raided and destroyed them | |
| 85049300 | First Powhatan War | 1614- war between Lord De La Ware and the Indians- ended with marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe | |
| 85049301 | Second Powhatan War | 1644- Indians tried to dislodge Virginians- Indians fail and are destroyed and banished from homeland | |
| 85049302 | The Three Ds | Disease, disorganization, disposablity | |
| 85049303 | John Rolfe | Pocahontas' husband- killed in Indian attacks- father of the tobacco industry | |
| 85049304 | Broad Acre Plantation System | farming method- increased demand for labor- encouraged by tobacco | |
| 85049305 | House of Burgesses | first representative government in the colonies- miniature Parliament for the colonies | |
| 85049306 | Lord Baltimore | founded Maryland colonies for Catholics- wanted freedom of worship | |
| 85049308 | Barbados Slave Code | law that gave masters complete control over their slaves | |
| 85049310 | Charles Town | busiest seaport- aristocratic- diverse- religious toleration | |
| 85049311 | North Carolina Settlers | outcasts from aristocratic Virginia- poor, don't like authority | |
| 85049312 | Tuscaroras | Indians who fought North Carolina settlers- defeated- turned into slaves | |
| 85049313 | Yamasee | indians who fought the South Carolina settlers- defeated and dispersed | |
| 85049314 | Buffer colony | what Georgia was to protect the colonies from Spanish Florida | |
| 85049315 | James Oglethorpe | leader and one of the founders of Georgia- wanted it to be a place for people who were imprisoned for debt | |
| 85049317 | Longhouses | homes of the Iroquois- shared by maternal families | |
| 85049319 | John Calvin | formed Calvinism- believed in predestination | |
| 85049320 | Predestination | doctrine of John Calvin that adhered to the idea that each person's fate is predetermined by god | |
| 85049321 | Visible Saints | people who had seen their conversion and lived lives of holy behavior | |
| 85049322 | Puritans | English religious reformers who wanted to break all ties with Rome and follow Calvinism | |
| 85049323 | Separatists | Puritans who only wanted visible saints in the Churches and wanted to leave the Church | |
| 85049324 | Mayflower | boat the Separatists used to go to New England | |
| 85049325 | Captain Miles Standish | soldier who turned out to be a good Indian fighter and negotiator | |
| 85049326 | Mayflower Compact | Precedent to further constitutions- establishment of self-government | |
| 85049327 | William Bradford | governor of Plymouth- worried about non-Puritan settlers | |
| 85049328 | Massachusetts Bay Colony | colony formed by the Puritans to get away from attacks from conservatives in England | |
| 85049329 | Great Migration | 1630s- 70,000 refugees left England for New World | |
| 85049330 | John Winthrop | 1st governor of Massachusetts colony | |
| 85049331 | City Upon a Hill | name of Massachusetts colony symbolizing how it will be a Puritan example that others will look up to | |
| 85049332 | John Cotton | father of Congregationalism in America, staunch supporter of the enforcement of religious principles by civil officials | |
| 85049333 | Blue Law State | nickname for Connecticut- had strict Puritan laws (no kissing in public) | |
| 85049334 | Michael Wigglesworth | poet who wrote a very detailed description of Puritan Hell | |
| 85049335 | Anne Hutchinson | Puritan woman who challenged predestination- antinomianism | |
| 85049336 | Antinomianism | couldn't be saved by good actions, so the truly saved need not obey the laws of God or man | |
| 85049337 | Roger Williams | American Protestant theologian, and first American proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state. Founder of Rhode Island | |
| 85049338 | Rogues Island | nickname for Rhode Island- founded by Roger Williams for outcasts- freedom of religion | |
| 85049339 | Thomas Hooker | Reverend who led a group of Puritans west to Connecticut | |
| 85049340 | Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | modern constitution- established a more democratically controlled government- written by Connecticut River settlers | |
| 85049341 | Squanto | Wampanoag indian who learned English- helped keep peace w/ settlers | |
| 85049342 | Wampanoags | indian tribe that tried to be peaceful | |
| 85049343 | Massasoit | wampanog chief who signed a treaty w/ the Pilgrims and celebrated Thanksgiving | |
| 85049344 | Pequot War | 1637- war between the colonists and the Pequot tribe- ended in destruction of the tribe and uneasy peace | |
| 85049345 | Metacom (King Philip) | Indian who united the tribes and defeated 52 Puritan towns | |
| 85049346 | King Philip's War | 1676- united tribes and attacked Puritans- slowed Western expansion- killed Indians | |
| 85049347 | New England Confederation | 1643-1686- 4 colonies banded together- all Puritan- step toward American unity | |
| 85049348 | Dominion of New England | 1686- 1688- created in London- regulated trade (Navigation Acts) and increased defense against Indians in colonies | |
| 85049349 | Sir Edmund Andros | head of new Dominion- open affiliation w/ Church of England, decreased the power of local authority- hated in the Puritan colonies | |
| 85049351 | Glorious Revolution | event in England that dethroned James II and throned William III- caused the collapse of the Dominion in the colonies | |
| 85049352 | Salutary Neglect | period of time where the Navigation Laws were weakly enforced | |
| 85049353 | Henry Hudson | English explorer- employed by the Dutch to explore the New World- claimed Hudson Bay | |
| 85049354 | Dutch East and West India Companies | companies controlled by the Dutch to explore | |
| 85049355 | New Netherlands | Hudson river area | |
| 85049356 | New Amsterdam | New York City area- bought for a small amount- run for Dutch company- harsh rules | |
| 85049357 | Patroonships | big feudal estates granted to promoters who would settle 50 people on them | |
| 85049358 | Wall Street | derives name from wall built on Manhattan that protected them from Indians | |
| 85049359 | Peter Stuyvesant | general in New Netherland- fought the Swedish and was forced to surrender New Amerterdam | |
| 85049360 | Religious Society of Friends | official name for the Quakers | |
| 85049361 | William Penn | founded the Pennsylvania colony for the Quakers | |
| 85049362 | Tammany | indian chief who sold Pennsylvania to William Penn | |
| 85049363 | Tobacco | principal crop in the Chesapeake region | |
| 85049364 | Indentured Servants | people who voluntarily sold themselves to work on plantations for Atlantic passage and freedom dues | |
| 85049365 | Headright System | who ever paid for the passage of a laborer recieved 50 acres of land in reward | |
| 85049366 | Freedom Dues | few barrels of corn, suit of clothes, and maybe a small parcel of land | |
| 85049367 | William Berkeley | governor of Virginia, friendly towards Indians | |
| 85049368 | Bacon's Rebellion | rebellion against Berkely (the Eastern elite) because of lack of support during Indian raids in the backcountry (rich vs. poor) | |
| 85049369 | Royal African Company | used to have a monopoly on the slave trade | |
| 85049370 | 1619 | 1st time Africans are brought to the colonies, House of Burgesses is founded | |
| 85049371 | Middle Passage | the transatlantic sea voyage that brought over slaves from Africa | |
| 85049372 | Slave Codes | laws that controled slaves and made them property for life | |
| 85049373 | Rice and Indigo | primary crops of South Carolina colony | |
| 85049374 | Gullah | language spoken by slaves- mix of African and English | |
| 85049377 | Isolated plantations | reason for few large cities in the south | |
| 85049378 | Jeremaid | form of sermon that scolded parishioners for their waning piety | |
| 85049379 | Half-Way Covenant | allowed children of members to join the church- weakened the distinction between elect and others, but needed membership | |
| 85049380 | Salem Witch Hunts | 1692- deaths of 20 women convicted of witchcraft (usually older, richer women) | |
| 85049381 | Leisler's Rebellion | between landholders and merchants- resentment against upper class | |
| 85049382 | Conquest of the Cradle | a phrase that described how the Americans were able to succed by simply reproducing faster than Britain | |
| 85049383 | Pennsylvania Dutch | German immigrants who left Germany because of religious persecution, economic problems and war | |
| 85049384 | Scots- Irish | scottish people who lived in Ireland, but moved to Pennsylvania | |
| 85049385 | Paxton Boys | armed march on Philadelphia by Scots-Irish frontiersmen in protest of Quaker lenient Indian policies | |
| 85049386 | Regulators | an insurrection against eastern domination of the colony's affairs | |
| 85049389 | Triangular Trade | rum to Africa, slaves to the West-Indies, and sugar to New England | |
| 85049391 | Navigation Acts | tariffs that controled trade with other countries- lead to rebellious feelings | |
| 85049392 | Samuel Adams | person who helped found the patroit movement | |
| 85049393 | Anglican and Congregational | the two established churches in America | |
| 85049394 | The Great Awakening | 1730s - 1740s religious revival of Puritan faith- Jonathan Edwards | |
| 85049395 | Jonathan Edwards | minister in Northampton who emphasized the need for grace | |
| 85049396 | George Whitefield | loud preacher who caused many to convert during the Great Awakening | |
| 85049397 | Old Lights | orthodox clergymen that did not support the Awakening | |
| 85049398 | New Lights | ministers who supported the Awakening | |
| 85049400 | John Trumbull | American painter during A. Revolutionary War | |
| 85049401 | Charles Wilson Peale | portraits of George Washington, ran museum | |
| 85049402 | Benjamin West | painter, close friend of George III | |
| 85049403 | John Singleton Copley | painter, went to London because he was a Loyalist | |
| 85049404 | Phylis Wheatley | first African-American woman in United States' history to have her poetry published | |
| 85049405 | Benjamin Franklin | wrote Poor Richard's Almanack | |
| 85049406 | Poor Richard's Almanack | book that had pithy, homespun sayings | |
| 85049407 | John Peter Zenger | person who printed mean things about the government and was decided "not guilty" - freedom of press | |
| 85049408 | Lord Cornbury | worst governor of New Jersey and New York- drunk gambler |
