Key terms, peoples, years, events for the first semester. Notes from Mr. Luckenbill's class.
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| first president of the United States of America, created Cabinet and two-term tradition, gave positions without discernment between opposing and supporting parties | ||
| George Washington's Secretary of War | ||
| created by Alexander Hamilton, designed to stimulate business, keep money in circulation, and get the United States out of debt | ||
| announced by George Washington to avoid war | ||
| third president of the United States, George Washington's Secretary of State, Adam's Vice President, started Democrat-Republican Party with Madison, supported strict adherence to constitution, especially against expansion of the central government | ||
| first ten amendments to the Constitution, to protect civil rights and liberties | ||
| set precedence, advised against permanent alliances | ||
| challenged Excise Tax, George Washington sent militia, proved effectiveness of Constitution | ||
| with Spain, gave free reign on the Mississippi River | ||
| second president, Federalist, from Massachusetts, George Washington's Vice President | ||
| George Washington's Secretary of Treasury, Federalist | ||
| created National Bank, his plans benefitted the rich, assumed nation's debts into the state government, and paid off debts in installments wiith interest | ||
| between Federalists and Democrat Republicans, started with Jefferson and Hamilton | ||
| 1794, between Great Britain and the United States, American right to trade in the West Indies, did not mention impressments, Native Americans | ||
| when Democrat-Republicans took power from Federalists | ||
| established Judicial Review | ||
| Chesapeake captured by Britain on American waters, three Americans killed | ||
| 1811, William Henry Harrison killed the Prophet, drove Tecumseh to alliance with British | ||
| assigned by Adams to entrench the Federalists in one last branch of the government | ||
| one of the midnight judges, supreme court justice | ||
| 1804, sent to explore the Louisiana Territory by president. Helped by Sacajawea | ||
| born after the end of the American Revolutionary War, wanted war with Britain | ||
| caused by impressements and British aid to Native Americans | ||
| caused by problems with Western Banks, debtors were imprisoned | ||
| gave federal government power over interstate commerce | ||
| 1823, written by Monroe and John Quincy Adams, contained two parts: nonintervention and noncolonization | ||
| in Baltimore, during War of 1812. Francis Scott Key wrote 'The Star-Spangled Banner' | ||
| between Britain and the United States, limited warships/arms in the Great Lakes region | ||
| Maryland tried to kill the Bank, John Marshall ruled it constitutional | ||
| 1820, three parts: 1) Missouri entered the Union as a slave state, 2) Maine entered the Union as a free state, and 3) no states above the 36-30 line would be admitted as slave states. | ||
| end of War of 1812, while the United States and Britainw ere signing the Treaty of Ghent. United States victory, helped nationalism and patriotism. | ||
| by Henry Clay, to help economy. Three parts: 1) National Bank, 2) increased tariffs, 3) increased internal transportation | ||
| proved federal power was stronger than state power | ||
| also known as Adams-Onis Treaty, Spain ceded Florida to United States | ||
| Quicy Adams and Jackson failed to get majority, Henry Clay of the House of Representatives made Quicy Adams president, Adams then made Henry Clay Secretary of State | ||
| Written by John C. Calhoun, urged nullification of tariffs or secession from the Union | ||
| coined when the president expanded the powers of the presidency | ||
| between Clay/Calhoun and Jackson | ||
| 1886, Texas won it's independence, tried to enter the Union --> disallowed because of slavery issue | ||
| rewarded people who supported the candidate with positions in government | ||
| South Carolina didn't want the tariffs, Jackson threatened military action | ||
| all public lands are to be purchased with hard or metallic money | ||
| high tariffs, caused Nullification Crisis | ||
| Indian tribal council ruled legal by the Supreme Court, Jackson ignored and illegalized it | ||
| composed of those against Andrew Jackson | ||
| came to the United States because of Potato Famine, were poor and forced to congregate in cities | ||
| beginning of the Industrial Revolution | ||
| invented the sewing machine, interchangeable parts | ||
| the United States became more focused on specialization and mass production, part of the Transportation Revolution | ||
| came for political and religious freedom, farmed in the West | ||
| invented Morse code, the telegraph | ||
| invented the steam boat | ||
| increased the need for slavery | ||
| invented the mechanical sower-reaper | ||
| included steamboats, trains, etc. | ||
| accepted all people, Christian group, did not believe in the Holy Trinity | ||
| at first, rich people wouldn't give money, but they realized that an uneducated nation was bad for democracy | ||
| Edgar Allen Poe (The Raven), Melville (Moby Dick), Dickenson | ||
| first woman's rights convention at which teh Declaration of Rights and Sentiments was written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, for women's suffrage | ||
| many conversions, influenced other movements | ||
| prison reform, mental rehabilitation reform | ||
| included Whitman, Thoreau, Emerson - promoted self-reliance, transcending to truth, inner light/peace/spirit, rejected traditional religion | ||
| fled to Utah because of persecution, polygamous | ||
| came together, communism - sharing community | ||
| wrote "Civil Disobedience" | ||
| over half of the world's cotton produced from United States | ||
| written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, showed hardships of slavery | ||
| oligarchy | ||
| published the magazine "The Liberator," extreme abolitionist | ||
| the belief that we were "destined" to expand and get all the land we could (i.e. Cuba, Maine, Texas, Louisiana, Utah, New Mexico, California, Mexican War) | ||
| 1842, we got 7,000 of 12,000 square miles of Maine, and 6,500 square miles of Minnesota | ||
| California, at the end of the Mexican War, Californian settlers overthrew Mexican government | ||
| a proposed amendment saying that all territories gained from the Mexicna War would not be allowed to be slave states. Never passed in the Senate. | ||
| took over as President for William Henry Harrison, vetoed National Bank, "president without a party" | ||
| 1845, late because of slavery issue | ||
| diplomat to Mexico before the Mexican War, tried for compromise (money for New Mexico Territory, California, and Texas) | ||
| 1848, ended Mexican War | ||
| 1842, between Canada and the United States over Maine | ||
| Americans wanted to fight fo 54-40, settled for the 49th parallel | ||
| three generals: Taylor, Kearney, Scott | ||
| the idea that the people in the territory should be able to decide on certain issues; the purest form of democracy | ||
| from Douglas, proposed popular sovereignty for Kansas and Nebraska when they entered the Union | ||
| five parts: 1) California entered as a free state, 2) Utah and New Mexico decided by popular sovereignty, 3) slave trade banned in Washington, DC., 4) harsher fugitive slave laws, 5) New Mexico and Texas were seperated for ten million dollars to Texas | ||
| 1853, $10 million for 30,000 square miles of New Mexico Territory for a railroad | ||
| increased punishment for helping slaves, intensified abolitionist movements (i.e. Underground Railroad) |
